A new method for the quantification of underivatized conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and C... more A new method for the quantification of underivatized conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and CLA-metabolites by silver ion liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC) with photodiode array detection (DAD) is described. Conjugated fatty acids (CFA) and sorbic acid as the internal standard (IS) were separated on two 5 μm Chrompac ChromSpher Lipids columns (250 × 4.6 mm). Biological samples were hydrolyzed with 1M KOH in methanol and 2M KOH in water at room temperature for 12 h. Hydrolyzates were acidified and the free fatty acids were extracted with dichloromethane. The organic solvent was removed and then the residue was re-dissolved in hexane and centrifuged. The supernatant was injected onto the columns. The mobile phase of 1.6% acetic acid and 0.0125% acetonitrile in hexane was chosen as the optimum mobile phase for fractionation of IS, CLA isomers and CLA-metabolites in all assayed biological samples. The use of two silver ion-exchange columns with direct UV detection (Ag+-HPLC-DAD) offe...
Abstract The consumption of chicken meat has steadily increased in recent decades, thereby making... more Abstract The consumption of chicken meat has steadily increased in recent decades, thereby making meat enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) an important delivery route of this nutrient to humans. This study aimed to evaluate how feeding duration of a diet with fish oil and flaxseed or rapeseed can enhance broiler meat with n-3 fatty acids (FA). One hundred and twenty-three 15-day-old female broilers Ross 308 were housed individually and randomly allocated to four groups: control (15 birds), and three experimental groups (36 birds each) that were each divided into three subgroups of 12 birds. Four diets differing in fat composition were prepared. Lard was the source of supplementary fat in diet L; in the experimental diets, fat was derived from fish oil (FO, 10 g kg−1 diet) and either lard (LFO), flaxseed (FFO), or rapeseed (RFO) in amounts appropriate to produce fat levels similar to those in the control diet. Diets were cold-pelleted and fed until slaughter at 36 days of age. The control group was fed the L diet throughout the study, whereas birds in the experimental groups were fed the L diet until it was substituted by the experimental diets for one, two, or three weeks preceding slaughter. The performance of all groups did not differ from the control, but within the experimental groups, LFO birds had a higher body weight gain because of higher feed intake. RFO birds had a higher thyroid weight (P
Male lambs were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals. For 35 days each group was fed one of the fol... more Male lambs were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals. For 35 days each group was fed one of the following diets: control diet containing 3% rapeseed oil (RO); ROFO diet containing 2% RO and 1% fish oil (FO); CA diet with the addition of 2% RO, 1% FO and 0.1% carnosic acid (CA); CASeY diet with the addition of 0.35 ppm selenium (Se)in the form of selenized-yeast (SeY) to the CA diet; CASeVI diet with the addition of 0.35 ppm Se in the form of selenate (SeVI) to the CA diet. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples were collected from lambs. The experimental diets decreased the C15:0 and C18:0 contents and the sum of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in the SAT when compared to the control diet. The content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LPUFA), including n-3LPUFA in the SAT, were most effectively increased by the ROFO diet. The CASeVI diet most effectively increased the content of cholesterol in the SAT. The CASeY and CASeVI diets most effectively increased the content of a...
Propolis is a natural composite balsam, manufactured by honey bees, and active biochemically. Som... more Propolis is a natural composite balsam, manufactured by honey bees, and active biochemically. Some of its biological effects are attributed to its ability to stimulate enzymatic systems, which in many instances involve trace elements. In the present study we assayed propolis and its ethanolic extract (EEP) for trace elements, and quantified them with the aid of neutron activation analysis. Four elements that have been detected in propolis and EEP for the first time are Na. Cr, Co (ppm) and Ag (ppb). The wide concentration range of the inorganic components in various batches of propolis and EEP is due to the difference in their extraction capacities, and to the variability in the environmental pollutants and the flora at the beehive sites.
Ultra-fast liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector for simple and rapid determinat... more Ultra-fast liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector for simple and rapid determination of urea in body fluids of farm animals is described. Blood plasma, milk, and urine samples are treated with trichloroacetic acid and then centrifuged. Supernatants are derivatized at room temperature using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Samples are separated using a ternary gradient of methanol in buffer and water. Derivatized urea in standards and biological samples is analyzed using a Phenomenex C18-column (Synergi 2.5 µm, Hydro-RP, 100Å, 100 × 2 mm). The photodiode detector is set to 370 and/or 254 nm for detection. Temperature is maintained at 27°C by a column heater. Clear separation of derivatized urea from the endogenous species present in assayed biological samples was achieved in less than 6 min. The urea adduct peak eluted at 4.36 ± 0.05 min. Average recoveries of the urea standards added to assayed biological materials were satisfactory (i.e. 100.2 ± 4.1%). Our chromatograph...
The influence of selenite (SeIV) or selenate (SeVI) added to ovine ruminal fluid containing linse... more The influence of selenite (SeIV) or selenate (SeVI) added to ovine ruminal fluid containing linseed oil (LO) on the profile of fatty acids (FA), particularly conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, was investigated. The ruminal fluid was incubated in vitro at 39°C under CO2 either alone (the control fluid) or with LO (3.3 mg/ml) or with a combination of LO with either a low (0.167 μg/ml) or high (1.67 μg/ml) level of Se as SeIV or SeVI. LO added to ruminal fluids also provides an extra source of energy. The tubes with the examined fluids were removed after 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h of in vitro incubation and then analyzed to determine the FA levels. The lower and higher concentration of SeIV in the fluids with the LO revealed negligible effect on the concentration of the sum of the CLA isomers (∑CLA) in the fluid compared with the fluid with LO alone. The addition of a higher amount of SeIV to the fluid containing LO usually decreased the concentration of ∑CLA compared with the fluid co...
A new method for the quantification of underivatized conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and C... more A new method for the quantification of underivatized conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers and CLA-metabolites by silver ion liquid chromatography (Ag+-HPLC) with photodiode array detection (DAD) is described. Conjugated fatty acids (CFA) and sorbic acid as the internal standard (IS) were separated on two 5 μm Chrompac ChromSpher Lipids columns (250 × 4.6 mm). Biological samples were hydrolyzed with 1M KOH in methanol and 2M KOH in water at room temperature for 12 h. Hydrolyzates were acidified and the free fatty acids were extracted with dichloromethane. The organic solvent was removed and then the residue was re-dissolved in hexane and centrifuged. The supernatant was injected onto the columns. The mobile phase of 1.6% acetic acid and 0.0125% acetonitrile in hexane was chosen as the optimum mobile phase for fractionation of IS, CLA isomers and CLA-metabolites in all assayed biological samples. The use of two silver ion-exchange columns with direct UV detection (Ag+-HPLC-DAD) offe...
Abstract The consumption of chicken meat has steadily increased in recent decades, thereby making... more Abstract The consumption of chicken meat has steadily increased in recent decades, thereby making meat enriched with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) an important delivery route of this nutrient to humans. This study aimed to evaluate how feeding duration of a diet with fish oil and flaxseed or rapeseed can enhance broiler meat with n-3 fatty acids (FA). One hundred and twenty-three 15-day-old female broilers Ross 308 were housed individually and randomly allocated to four groups: control (15 birds), and three experimental groups (36 birds each) that were each divided into three subgroups of 12 birds. Four diets differing in fat composition were prepared. Lard was the source of supplementary fat in diet L; in the experimental diets, fat was derived from fish oil (FO, 10 g kg−1 diet) and either lard (LFO), flaxseed (FFO), or rapeseed (RFO) in amounts appropriate to produce fat levels similar to those in the control diet. Diets were cold-pelleted and fed until slaughter at 36 days of age. The control group was fed the L diet throughout the study, whereas birds in the experimental groups were fed the L diet until it was substituted by the experimental diets for one, two, or three weeks preceding slaughter. The performance of all groups did not differ from the control, but within the experimental groups, LFO birds had a higher body weight gain because of higher feed intake. RFO birds had a higher thyroid weight (P
Male lambs were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals. For 35 days each group was fed one of the fol... more Male lambs were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals. For 35 days each group was fed one of the following diets: control diet containing 3% rapeseed oil (RO); ROFO diet containing 2% RO and 1% fish oil (FO); CA diet with the addition of 2% RO, 1% FO and 0.1% carnosic acid (CA); CASeY diet with the addition of 0.35 ppm selenium (Se)in the form of selenized-yeast (SeY) to the CA diet; CASeVI diet with the addition of 0.35 ppm Se in the form of selenate (SeVI) to the CA diet. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) samples were collected from lambs. The experimental diets decreased the C15:0 and C18:0 contents and the sum of conjugated linoleic acid isomers in the SAT when compared to the control diet. The content of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LPUFA), including n-3LPUFA in the SAT, were most effectively increased by the ROFO diet. The CASeVI diet most effectively increased the content of cholesterol in the SAT. The CASeY and CASeVI diets most effectively increased the content of a...
Propolis is a natural composite balsam, manufactured by honey bees, and active biochemically. Som... more Propolis is a natural composite balsam, manufactured by honey bees, and active biochemically. Some of its biological effects are attributed to its ability to stimulate enzymatic systems, which in many instances involve trace elements. In the present study we assayed propolis and its ethanolic extract (EEP) for trace elements, and quantified them with the aid of neutron activation analysis. Four elements that have been detected in propolis and EEP for the first time are Na. Cr, Co (ppm) and Ag (ppb). The wide concentration range of the inorganic components in various batches of propolis and EEP is due to the difference in their extraction capacities, and to the variability in the environmental pollutants and the flora at the beehive sites.
Ultra-fast liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector for simple and rapid determinat... more Ultra-fast liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector for simple and rapid determination of urea in body fluids of farm animals is described. Blood plasma, milk, and urine samples are treated with trichloroacetic acid and then centrifuged. Supernatants are derivatized at room temperature using p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde. Samples are separated using a ternary gradient of methanol in buffer and water. Derivatized urea in standards and biological samples is analyzed using a Phenomenex C18-column (Synergi 2.5 µm, Hydro-RP, 100Å, 100 × 2 mm). The photodiode detector is set to 370 and/or 254 nm for detection. Temperature is maintained at 27°C by a column heater. Clear separation of derivatized urea from the endogenous species present in assayed biological samples was achieved in less than 6 min. The urea adduct peak eluted at 4.36 ± 0.05 min. Average recoveries of the urea standards added to assayed biological materials were satisfactory (i.e. 100.2 ± 4.1%). Our chromatograph...
The influence of selenite (SeIV) or selenate (SeVI) added to ovine ruminal fluid containing linse... more The influence of selenite (SeIV) or selenate (SeVI) added to ovine ruminal fluid containing linseed oil (LO) on the profile of fatty acids (FA), particularly conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers, was investigated. The ruminal fluid was incubated in vitro at 39°C under CO2 either alone (the control fluid) or with LO (3.3 mg/ml) or with a combination of LO with either a low (0.167 μg/ml) or high (1.67 μg/ml) level of Se as SeIV or SeVI. LO added to ruminal fluids also provides an extra source of energy. The tubes with the examined fluids were removed after 0, 6, 12, 18, or 24 h of in vitro incubation and then analyzed to determine the FA levels. The lower and higher concentration of SeIV in the fluids with the LO revealed negligible effect on the concentration of the sum of the CLA isomers (∑CLA) in the fluid compared with the fluid with LO alone. The addition of a higher amount of SeIV to the fluid containing LO usually decreased the concentration of ∑CLA compared with the fluid co...
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Papers by M. Czauderna