Background and Aim: There is a controversy about cochlear implant usefulness for users since they... more Background and Aim: There is a controversy about cochlear implant usefulness for users since they do not develop speech and language with equal quality. Many researchers by controlling demographic and medical variables in this population suggested the contribution of neurocognitive factors such as working memory to this variation. The aim of this study was to compare working memory capacity between two groups of cochlear implantees who differ just in terms of speech in noise (SIN) scores. Methods: In this study, 26 cochlear implanted children, aged 8-12 years who had received cochlear implant (CI) before age 3, took part and were divided into two groups of more than 75% and less than 60% based on their SIN scores. Both groups were matched for their medical and demographic characteristics, and underwent forward, backward digit span, and non-word repetition tests. Results: There were significant differences in the scores of all three tests between the two groups (p<0.001). The s...
Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in... more Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in general population. Epley maneuver is the most effective treatment technique. However, there is no clinically valid test to verify effectiveness of maneuver quickly after treatment in the same session. Modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) is considered as a quick and simple test. This study aimed to use mCTSIB for assessing effectiveness of Epley maneuver in BPPV patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 44 patients (36 female and 8 male, mean age of 53.11 (SD=7.09) diagnosed with posterior semi-circular canals BPPV in Dix-Hallpike test and no other vestibular disorders. mCTSIB in four conditions was assessed, before and after Epley maneuver. Balance time, lateral and anterior-posterior sway were recorded. mCTSIB repeated after three weeks to assess reliability. Results: The time for balance control in mCTSIB after maneuver did not change significantly...
Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form o... more Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form of sensory enrichment that translates to gains in cognitive abilities; these cognitive gains in attention and memory are known to modulate subcortical processing of auditory stimuli. Second language acquisition has a broad impact on various psychological, cognitive, memory, and linguistic processes. Central auditory processing (CAP) is the perceptual processing of auditory information. Due to its importance in bilingualism, this study aimed to review the CAP of bilinguals. Recent Findings: The CAP was studied in three areas: dichotic listening, temporal processing, and speech in noise perception. Regarding dichotic listening, studies have shown that bilinguals have better performance in staggered spondaic word (SSW) test, consonant-vowel dichotic test, dichotic digits test (DDT), and disyllable dichotic test than monolinguals, although similar results have also been reported in SSW and...
Background and Aim: It is well established that adult sensory systems can reorganize following en... more Background and Aim: It is well established that adult sensory systems can reorganize following environmental changes; hearing aid stimulates a deprived auditory system resulting in changes in received stimuli and may be capable of inducing changes within the auditory system abilities such as difference limen for intensity. Hearing aid fitting induces perceptual and physiological modifications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of hearing aid use on the intensity discrimination performance. Methods: The study group consisted of 30 monaural users of hearing aid with symmetrical moderate or moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss in both ears (15 males, 15 females), aged 45-65 years old with the mean of 57.73 and SD of 8.12 years. difference limen for intensity was measured at two frequencies, 500 Hz, 2000 Hz, and two intensity levels (10 dB SL, 40 dB SL). The results of fitted ears were compared with not-fitted ones. Results: The results of the study showed ...
Background: Chronic otitis media with effusion (CME) primarily affects children. Temporary audito... more Background: Chronic otitis media with effusion (CME) primarily affects children. Temporary auditory deprivation is a serious complication of this disease and can result in auditory processing disorder, as demonstrated in past studies. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of CME duration on binaural processing and amblyaudia. Methods: Ninety-four children were examined, including 48 children (29 girls=60%) with different CME durations (from 3 months to more than 9 months) and 46 children (34 girls=73%) with no history of CME or a duration of less than 3 months CME. Persian versions of the dichotic digits and dichotic rhyme tests were applied. Results: Significant differences between the groups (P<0.001) in dichotic digits difference (DDD) and dichotic rhyme difference (DRD) in free recall conditions were identified. With longer durations of CME, the DDD and DRD average scores were increased in the CME positive group, and the probability of amblyaudia w...
Background: One of the most common complaints expressed by individuals with hearing-impairment is... more Background: One of the most common complaints expressed by individuals with hearing-impairment is the difficulty in speech perception in background noise. Different tests have been developed for the evaluation of reduced ability of speech perception in noise, and the Consonant-Vowel in noise test is one of the simplest one regard to speech materials. The goal of the present study was development and determined validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Consonant-Vowel in noise test, among 18 to 25 year old Persian speaking because of the lack of a Persian version of this test. Methods: This was a tool-making research that had 3 main stages: development of the Persian version of the Consonant-Vowel in noise test (4 lists and each list in 5 different signal to noise ratio), examination of its content validity, and its administration on a total of 50, 18 to 25 year normal hearing individuals (20 men /30 women) that selected by random sampling method, in order to examine the...
Background: One of the common problems of those who refer to audiology clinics, is difficulty of ... more Background: One of the common problems of those who refer to audiology clinics, is difficulty of hearing in noisy conditions. Different tests have been developed for diagnosis and quantification of reduced ability of speech perception in noise and the Quick Speech-in-Noise test is one of the most appropriate of them. The goal of the present study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test in normal, Persian speaking, 18-25 year-old participants. Methods: This study had two main stages: first, developing the test materials and determining the content validity and the second, determining the equivalency of the test material lists, and assessing the reliability of them. In the first stage, sentences having content validity were developed and recorded. In the second stage,in order to determine list equivalency, the lists were presented to 60 Persian-speaking (gender balanced), 18-25 year-old students and the average SNR-50 for each list was calcula...
Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form o... more Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form of sensory enrichment that translates to gains in cognitive abilities; these cognitive gains in attention and memory are known to modulate subcortical processing of auditory stimuli. Second language acquisition has a broad impact on various psychological, cognitive, memory, and linguistic processes. Central auditory processing (CAP) is the perceptual processing of auditory information. Due to its importance in bilingualism, this study aimed to review the CAP of bilinguals. Recent Findings: The CAP was studied in three areas: dichotic listening, temporal processing, and speech in noise perception. Regarding dichotic listening, studies have shown that bilinguals have better performance in staggered spondaic word (SSW) test, consonant-vowel dichotic test, dichotic digits test (DDT), and disyllable dichotic test than monolinguals, although similar results have also been reported in SSW and...
Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in... more Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in general population. Epley maneuver is the most effective treatment technique. However, there is no clinically valid test to verify effectiveness of maneuver quickly after treatment in the same session. Modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) is considered as a quick and simple test. This study aimed to use mCTSIB for assessing effectiveness of Epley maneuver in BPPV patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 44 patients (36 female and 8 male, mean age of 53.11 (SD=7.09) diagnosed with posterior semicircular canals BPPV in Dix-Hallpike test and no other vestibular disorders. mCTSIB in four conditions was assessed, before and after Epley maneuver. Balance time, lateral and anterior-posterior sway were recorded. mCTSIB repeated after three weeks to assess reliability. Results: The time for balance control in mCTSIB after maneuver did not change significantly ...
In parallel with the auditory afferent system, the auditory efferent system is active in all part... more In parallel with the auditory afferent system, the auditory efferent system is active in all parts of the auditory pathways from auditory cortex to the cochlea. The auditory efferent system has two main segments: the rostral and the caudal parts. The rostral part, which starts from the cortical centers to thalamic nuclei and continues into collicular pathways in rostral brainstem, which sends its neural fibers to the main collicular nuclei especially inferior colliculus. The caudal part includes the olivocochlear bundle, which originates from the superior olivary complex and terminates on the cochlear hair cells. Most studies about the auditory efferent system have focused only on the caudal part using otoacoustic emission suppression test. Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (S-ABR) as an electrophysiologic test that uses speech stimuli to simulate real-life auditory conditions, reflects the performance of rostral brainstem centers, so structurally seems to be an appropriate candidate to examine the rostral part of the auditory efferent system. Our hypothesis is that S-ABR in noisy condition, a typical condition for stimulating the auditory efferent system, has the potential to be used as an objective noninvasive electrophysiologic test for studying the rostral auditory efferent system in diagnosis and treatment/rehabilitation follow-ups. In addition, S-ABR can potentially reflect higher-order auditory functions and the effects of their dysfunctions on the lower brainstem. This characteristic makes S-ABR even more suitable tool for evaluation of the efferent system. To evaluate our hypothesis, Eighteen normal hearing subjects in the age range of 18-25 were tested in a pilot study for S-ABR in quiet mode and three signal to noise ratios of +10,0 and -10 for both ears. Then we checked the correlation between the results of S-ABR in different conditions and scores of auditory behavioral tests that auditory efferent system is involved in them: Consonant-Vowel perception in noise, dichotic Consonant-Vowel-Consonant and sound lateralization in noise. The results of our pilot study showed a significant correlation between S-ABR changes in noise with the scores of the behavioral tests in noisy or dichotic situations. Findings of the current study suggest that S-ABR with specific contralateral noise can be an appropriate option for evaluating the performance of rostral part of the auditory efferent system and may be suitable for top-down auditory training follow-ups, although the generalization of these results needs further studies in different groups with different auditory processing abnormalities or skills.
Background and Aim: Vestibular rehabilitation is suggested as one of the effective treatments f... more Background and Aim: Vestibular rehabilitation is suggested as one of the effective treatments for vestibular-originated dizziness and vertigo. As there is a proven biologic link between vestibular symptoms and headache, headache improvement with vestibular improvement after vestibular rehabilitation is expected. The aim of the present study was examining vestibular rehabilitation effects on dizziness and headache in 9−15 year old subjects with a vestibular migraine. Methods: Eight subjects with vestibular migraine were referred to Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital after diagnosis by a pediatric neurologist. They were evaluated via dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) and dizziness and headache frequency. Then they received a home-based vestibular rehabilitation and after one month they were reevaluated. Results: After vestibular rehabilitation for one month, changes in the DHI and HIT-6 score were statistically significant (p < 0.01). In a...
Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of audit... more Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of auditory electrophysiology, examines the auditory processing of stimuli with complex acoustic structures at the subcortical level. In recent years, speech-ABR has been administered to patients with various hearing impairments and people with special auditory skills. Results of these studies are of great interest to researchers in the fields of cognitive and auditory neurosciences. In this study, because of the increasing use of this test, a review of the studies carried out on the origin of this response and the proposed protocols to stimulate, record, and analyze this electrophysiological response are presented. Recent Findings: The most common stimulus parameters used in the published articles was /da/ stimulus in 40 ms duration and 60-85 dB SPL intensity with the use of alternative polarity and rate of about 10 stimuli per second. The verified and widely-used acquisition parameters inc...
Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of audit... more Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of auditory electrophysiology, examines the auditory processing of stimuli with complex acoustic structures at the subcortical level. In recent years, speech-ABR has been administered to patients with various hearing impairments and people with special auditory skills. Results of these studies are of great interest to researchers in the fields of cognitive and auditory neurosciences. In this study, because of the increasing use of this test, a review of the studies carried out on the origin of this response and the proposed protocols to stimulate, record, and analyze this electrophysiological response are presented. Recent Findings: The most common stimulus parameters used in the published articles was /da/ stimulus in 40 ms duration and 60-85 dB SPL intensity with the use of alternative polarity and rate of about 10 stimuli per second. The verified and widely-used acquisition parameters include using vertical electrode array with 6000 sweeps and a 30-3000 Hz filtering in a 60-70 ms time window. Conclusion: In determining the stimulus-record parameters of the speech-ABR test, in addition to considering the necessary minimums, the final values should always be selected based on the objectives and the study group. The unique features of this test for diagnosis and monitoring of auditory processing at supra-threshold levels, calls for comprehensive studies to formulate guidelines for the application of this test in auditory clinics but the basic points mentioned in this paper should be considered in the selection of each parameter.
Background and Aim: In most everyday settings, speech is heard in the presence of competing sou... more Background and Aim: In most everyday settings, speech is heard in the presence of competing sounds and speech perception in noise is affected by various factors, including cognitive factors. In this regard, bilingualism is a phenomenon that changes cognitive and behavioral processes as well as the nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate speech perception in noise and compare differences in Kurd-Persian bilinguals versus Persian monolinguals. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 92 students with normal hearing, 46 of whom were bilingual Kurd-Persian with a mean (SD) age of 22.73 (1.92) years, and 46 other Persian monolinguals with a mean (SD) age of 22.71 (2.28) years. They were examined by consonant-vowel in noise (CV in noise) test and quick speech in noise (Q-SIN) test. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: The comparison of the results showed differences in both tests between bilingual and monolingual subjects. In both groups, the reduc...
Background and Aim: There is a controversy about cochlear implant usefulness for users since they... more Background and Aim: There is a controversy about cochlear implant usefulness for users since they do not develop speech and language with equal quality. Many researchers by controlling demographic and medical variables in this population suggested the contribution of neurocognitive factors such as working memory to this variation. The aim of this study was to compare working memory capacity between two groups of cochlear implantees who differ just in terms of speech in noise (SIN) scores. Methods: In this study, 26 cochlear implanted children, aged 8-12 years who had received cochlear implant (CI) before age 3, took part and were divided into two groups of more than 75% and less than 60% based on their SIN scores. Both groups were matched for their medical and demographic characteristics, and underwent forward, backward digit span, and non-word repetition tests. Results: There were significant differences in the scores of all three tests between the two groups (p<0.001). The s...
Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in... more Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in general population. Epley maneuver is the most effective treatment technique. However, there is no clinically valid test to verify effectiveness of maneuver quickly after treatment in the same session. Modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) is considered as a quick and simple test. This study aimed to use mCTSIB for assessing effectiveness of Epley maneuver in BPPV patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 44 patients (36 female and 8 male, mean age of 53.11 (SD=7.09) diagnosed with posterior semi-circular canals BPPV in Dix-Hallpike test and no other vestibular disorders. mCTSIB in four conditions was assessed, before and after Epley maneuver. Balance time, lateral and anterior-posterior sway were recorded. mCTSIB repeated after three weeks to assess reliability. Results: The time for balance control in mCTSIB after maneuver did not change significantly...
Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form o... more Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form of sensory enrichment that translates to gains in cognitive abilities; these cognitive gains in attention and memory are known to modulate subcortical processing of auditory stimuli. Second language acquisition has a broad impact on various psychological, cognitive, memory, and linguistic processes. Central auditory processing (CAP) is the perceptual processing of auditory information. Due to its importance in bilingualism, this study aimed to review the CAP of bilinguals. Recent Findings: The CAP was studied in three areas: dichotic listening, temporal processing, and speech in noise perception. Regarding dichotic listening, studies have shown that bilinguals have better performance in staggered spondaic word (SSW) test, consonant-vowel dichotic test, dichotic digits test (DDT), and disyllable dichotic test than monolinguals, although similar results have also been reported in SSW and...
Background and Aim: It is well established that adult sensory systems can reorganize following en... more Background and Aim: It is well established that adult sensory systems can reorganize following environmental changes; hearing aid stimulates a deprived auditory system resulting in changes in received stimuli and may be capable of inducing changes within the auditory system abilities such as difference limen for intensity. Hearing aid fitting induces perceptual and physiological modifications. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of hearing aid use on the intensity discrimination performance. Methods: The study group consisted of 30 monaural users of hearing aid with symmetrical moderate or moderately severe sensorineural hearing loss in both ears (15 males, 15 females), aged 45-65 years old with the mean of 57.73 and SD of 8.12 years. difference limen for intensity was measured at two frequencies, 500 Hz, 2000 Hz, and two intensity levels (10 dB SL, 40 dB SL). The results of fitted ears were compared with not-fitted ones. Results: The results of the study showed ...
Background: Chronic otitis media with effusion (CME) primarily affects children. Temporary audito... more Background: Chronic otitis media with effusion (CME) primarily affects children. Temporary auditory deprivation is a serious complication of this disease and can result in auditory processing disorder, as demonstrated in past studies. The objective of the current study was to investigate the effects of CME duration on binaural processing and amblyaudia. Methods: Ninety-four children were examined, including 48 children (29 girls=60%) with different CME durations (from 3 months to more than 9 months) and 46 children (34 girls=73%) with no history of CME or a duration of less than 3 months CME. Persian versions of the dichotic digits and dichotic rhyme tests were applied. Results: Significant differences between the groups (P<0.001) in dichotic digits difference (DDD) and dichotic rhyme difference (DRD) in free recall conditions were identified. With longer durations of CME, the DDD and DRD average scores were increased in the CME positive group, and the probability of amblyaudia w...
Background: One of the most common complaints expressed by individuals with hearing-impairment is... more Background: One of the most common complaints expressed by individuals with hearing-impairment is the difficulty in speech perception in background noise. Different tests have been developed for the evaluation of reduced ability of speech perception in noise, and the Consonant-Vowel in noise test is one of the simplest one regard to speech materials. The goal of the present study was development and determined validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Consonant-Vowel in noise test, among 18 to 25 year old Persian speaking because of the lack of a Persian version of this test. Methods: This was a tool-making research that had 3 main stages: development of the Persian version of the Consonant-Vowel in noise test (4 lists and each list in 5 different signal to noise ratio), examination of its content validity, and its administration on a total of 50, 18 to 25 year normal hearing individuals (20 men /30 women) that selected by random sampling method, in order to examine the...
Background: One of the common problems of those who refer to audiology clinics, is difficulty of ... more Background: One of the common problems of those who refer to audiology clinics, is difficulty of hearing in noisy conditions. Different tests have been developed for diagnosis and quantification of reduced ability of speech perception in noise and the Quick Speech-in-Noise test is one of the most appropriate of them. The goal of the present study was to develop and validate the Persian version of the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test in normal, Persian speaking, 18-25 year-old participants. Methods: This study had two main stages: first, developing the test materials and determining the content validity and the second, determining the equivalency of the test material lists, and assessing the reliability of them. In the first stage, sentences having content validity were developed and recorded. In the second stage,in order to determine list equivalency, the lists were presented to 60 Persian-speaking (gender balanced), 18-25 year-old students and the average SNR-50 for each list was calcula...
Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form o... more Background and Aim: The majority of the world’s population is bilingual. Bilingualism is a form of sensory enrichment that translates to gains in cognitive abilities; these cognitive gains in attention and memory are known to modulate subcortical processing of auditory stimuli. Second language acquisition has a broad impact on various psychological, cognitive, memory, and linguistic processes. Central auditory processing (CAP) is the perceptual processing of auditory information. Due to its importance in bilingualism, this study aimed to review the CAP of bilinguals. Recent Findings: The CAP was studied in three areas: dichotic listening, temporal processing, and speech in noise perception. Regarding dichotic listening, studies have shown that bilinguals have better performance in staggered spondaic word (SSW) test, consonant-vowel dichotic test, dichotic digits test (DDT), and disyllable dichotic test than monolinguals, although similar results have also been reported in SSW and...
Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in... more Background and Aim: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is most common type of vertigo in general population. Epley maneuver is the most effective treatment technique. However, there is no clinically valid test to verify effectiveness of maneuver quickly after treatment in the same session. Modified clinical test of sensory interaction on balance (mCTSIB) is considered as a quick and simple test. This study aimed to use mCTSIB for assessing effectiveness of Epley maneuver in BPPV patients. Methods: The study was carried out on 44 patients (36 female and 8 male, mean age of 53.11 (SD=7.09) diagnosed with posterior semicircular canals BPPV in Dix-Hallpike test and no other vestibular disorders. mCTSIB in four conditions was assessed, before and after Epley maneuver. Balance time, lateral and anterior-posterior sway were recorded. mCTSIB repeated after three weeks to assess reliability. Results: The time for balance control in mCTSIB after maneuver did not change significantly ...
In parallel with the auditory afferent system, the auditory efferent system is active in all part... more In parallel with the auditory afferent system, the auditory efferent system is active in all parts of the auditory pathways from auditory cortex to the cochlea. The auditory efferent system has two main segments: the rostral and the caudal parts. The rostral part, which starts from the cortical centers to thalamic nuclei and continues into collicular pathways in rostral brainstem, which sends its neural fibers to the main collicular nuclei especially inferior colliculus. The caudal part includes the olivocochlear bundle, which originates from the superior olivary complex and terminates on the cochlear hair cells. Most studies about the auditory efferent system have focused only on the caudal part using otoacoustic emission suppression test. Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response (S-ABR) as an electrophysiologic test that uses speech stimuli to simulate real-life auditory conditions, reflects the performance of rostral brainstem centers, so structurally seems to be an appropriate candidate to examine the rostral part of the auditory efferent system. Our hypothesis is that S-ABR in noisy condition, a typical condition for stimulating the auditory efferent system, has the potential to be used as an objective noninvasive electrophysiologic test for studying the rostral auditory efferent system in diagnosis and treatment/rehabilitation follow-ups. In addition, S-ABR can potentially reflect higher-order auditory functions and the effects of their dysfunctions on the lower brainstem. This characteristic makes S-ABR even more suitable tool for evaluation of the efferent system. To evaluate our hypothesis, Eighteen normal hearing subjects in the age range of 18-25 were tested in a pilot study for S-ABR in quiet mode and three signal to noise ratios of +10,0 and -10 for both ears. Then we checked the correlation between the results of S-ABR in different conditions and scores of auditory behavioral tests that auditory efferent system is involved in them: Consonant-Vowel perception in noise, dichotic Consonant-Vowel-Consonant and sound lateralization in noise. The results of our pilot study showed a significant correlation between S-ABR changes in noise with the scores of the behavioral tests in noisy or dichotic situations. Findings of the current study suggest that S-ABR with specific contralateral noise can be an appropriate option for evaluating the performance of rostral part of the auditory efferent system and may be suitable for top-down auditory training follow-ups, although the generalization of these results needs further studies in different groups with different auditory processing abnormalities or skills.
Background and Aim: Vestibular rehabilitation is suggested as one of the effective treatments f... more Background and Aim: Vestibular rehabilitation is suggested as one of the effective treatments for vestibular-originated dizziness and vertigo. As there is a proven biologic link between vestibular symptoms and headache, headache improvement with vestibular improvement after vestibular rehabilitation is expected. The aim of the present study was examining vestibular rehabilitation effects on dizziness and headache in 9−15 year old subjects with a vestibular migraine. Methods: Eight subjects with vestibular migraine were referred to Rofeideh Rehabilitation Hospital after diagnosis by a pediatric neurologist. They were evaluated via dizziness handicap inventory (DHI), headache impact test-6 (HIT-6) and dizziness and headache frequency. Then they received a home-based vestibular rehabilitation and after one month they were reevaluated. Results: After vestibular rehabilitation for one month, changes in the DHI and HIT-6 score were statistically significant (p < 0.01). In a...
Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of audit... more Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of auditory electrophysiology, examines the auditory processing of stimuli with complex acoustic structures at the subcortical level. In recent years, speech-ABR has been administered to patients with various hearing impairments and people with special auditory skills. Results of these studies are of great interest to researchers in the fields of cognitive and auditory neurosciences. In this study, because of the increasing use of this test, a review of the studies carried out on the origin of this response and the proposed protocols to stimulate, record, and analyze this electrophysiological response are presented. Recent Findings: The most common stimulus parameters used in the published articles was /da/ stimulus in 40 ms duration and 60-85 dB SPL intensity with the use of alternative polarity and rate of about 10 stimuli per second. The verified and widely-used acquisition parameters inc...
Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of audit... more Background and Aim: Speech-auditory brainstem response (ABR) as a new test in the field of auditory electrophysiology, examines the auditory processing of stimuli with complex acoustic structures at the subcortical level. In recent years, speech-ABR has been administered to patients with various hearing impairments and people with special auditory skills. Results of these studies are of great interest to researchers in the fields of cognitive and auditory neurosciences. In this study, because of the increasing use of this test, a review of the studies carried out on the origin of this response and the proposed protocols to stimulate, record, and analyze this electrophysiological response are presented. Recent Findings: The most common stimulus parameters used in the published articles was /da/ stimulus in 40 ms duration and 60-85 dB SPL intensity with the use of alternative polarity and rate of about 10 stimuli per second. The verified and widely-used acquisition parameters include using vertical electrode array with 6000 sweeps and a 30-3000 Hz filtering in a 60-70 ms time window. Conclusion: In determining the stimulus-record parameters of the speech-ABR test, in addition to considering the necessary minimums, the final values should always be selected based on the objectives and the study group. The unique features of this test for diagnosis and monitoring of auditory processing at supra-threshold levels, calls for comprehensive studies to formulate guidelines for the application of this test in auditory clinics but the basic points mentioned in this paper should be considered in the selection of each parameter.
Background and Aim: In most everyday settings, speech is heard in the presence of competing sou... more Background and Aim: In most everyday settings, speech is heard in the presence of competing sounds and speech perception in noise is affected by various factors, including cognitive factors. In this regard, bilingualism is a phenomenon that changes cognitive and behavioral processes as well as the nervous system. This study aimed to evaluate speech perception in noise and compare differences in Kurd-Persian bilinguals versus Persian monolinguals. Methods: This descriptive-analytic study was performed on 92 students with normal hearing, 46 of whom were bilingual Kurd-Persian with a mean (SD) age of 22.73 (1.92) years, and 46 other Persian monolinguals with a mean (SD) age of 22.71 (2.28) years. They were examined by consonant-vowel in noise (CV in noise) test and quick speech in noise (Q-SIN) test. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: The comparison of the results showed differences in both tests between bilingual and monolingual subjects. In both groups, the reduc...
Uploads
Papers by M Javanbakht