In recent years, many optical devices have been implemented to monitor finishing processes in cas... more In recent years, many optical devices have been implemented to monitor finishing processes in case of industrial steel sheets, because their high accuracy, non-destructiveness and velocity significantly reduce the production costs. In particular, the functionality of surfaces can be predicted by a proper detection of defects. Such defects arise predominantly during finishing processes: e.g., for excessive polishing and pressure, and yield also a surface roughening with fine peaks and valleys best known as orange peel. In this contribution, the topography of orange peel on polished steel sheets is described through surface roughness parameters evaluated by applying a 3D interferometric microscope [1]. In addition, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) [2] is proposed as an alternative technique to determine the optical response of samples affected by orange peel.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2009
In this work, a comparison of three different methods for analysing topographies and roughness on... more In this work, a comparison of three different methods for analysing topographies and roughness on machined metal surfaces is presented. To obtain comparable results, the measurements were done on one and the same set of samples. For this purpose, an atomic force microscope (AFM), a confocal white light microscope, and a scattering light system were used to analyse the topography of samples of the same material, but with the topographies occurring step by step from the grinding process to the polishing process. Based on the results of the investigations with the parametric system (scattering light sensor) and the profilometric systems (AFM, confocal white light microscope), we established a correlation between the roughness parameters and the scattering light parameter. It is shown that the different methods lead to different roughness parameters of the same surface.
This paper discusses a promising method to investigate defects on high-gloss finished metal surfa... more This paper discusses a promising method to investigate defects on high-gloss finished metal surfaces. The main aim is to detect very shallow scratches on such tribological surfaces. The method must be simple in its applicability, insensitive to external disturbances, and sufficiently fast for application in monitoring industrial processes. To achieve this, the principle of light scattering is used by scanning
STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference, 2008
This paper discusses a promising method to investigate high gloss finished metal surfaces. The ma... more This paper discusses a promising method to investigate high gloss finished metal surfaces. The main aim is to detect very shallow scratches on such surfaces. The method must be simple in its applicability, insensitive to external disturbances and sufficiently fast for application in monitoring industrial processes. To achieve this, the principle of light scattering is used by scanning a surface with a compact scattering light sensor using an LED as a light source (λ = 632.8nm). The reflected light is scattered into a specular part and a diffuse part, and collected by a one dimensional CCD-Array. The detected intensity distribution of the scattered light depends on the topography of the reflecting surface. Significant variations in the intensity profile will permit to identify the surface defects. With this system we were able to detect scratches on high gloss metal sheets with a typical width of 1 μm and a depth as small as 40 nm.
ABSTRACT The surface quality of high gloss polished steel sheets with respect to ‘orange peel’ is... more ABSTRACT The surface quality of high gloss polished steel sheets with respect to ‘orange peel’ is studied. This is motivated by the fact that workpieces are ranked solely on the visual appearance of finished surfaces according to the observed degree of orange peel. Here, to quantify the degree of orange peel, surface topographies of industrial samples are acquired by means of phase shifting interferometry, from which various surface roughness parameters are calculated. These parameters are related to qualitative aspects of the surface using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Two surface roughness parameters were identified as necessary for the evaluation of orange peel, suggesting that traditional methods can be replaced with suitable parameters that improve quality control procedures at the industry.
In recent years, many optical devices have been implemented to monitor finishing processes in cas... more In recent years, many optical devices have been implemented to monitor finishing processes in case of industrial steel sheets, because their high accuracy, non-destructiveness and velocity significantly reduce the production costs. In particular, the functionality of surfaces can be predicted by a proper detection of defects. Such defects arise predominantly during finishing processes: e.g., for excessive polishing and pressure, and yield also a surface roughening with fine peaks and valleys best known as orange peel. In this contribution, the topography of orange peel on polished steel sheets is described through surface roughness parameters evaluated by applying a 3D interferometric microscope [1]. In addition, spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) [2] is proposed as an alternative technique to determine the optical response of samples affected by orange peel.
Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 2009
In this work, a comparison of three different methods for analysing topographies and roughness on... more In this work, a comparison of three different methods for analysing topographies and roughness on machined metal surfaces is presented. To obtain comparable results, the measurements were done on one and the same set of samples. For this purpose, an atomic force microscope (AFM), a confocal white light microscope, and a scattering light system were used to analyse the topography of samples of the same material, but with the topographies occurring step by step from the grinding process to the polishing process. Based on the results of the investigations with the parametric system (scattering light sensor) and the profilometric systems (AFM, confocal white light microscope), we established a correlation between the roughness parameters and the scattering light parameter. It is shown that the different methods lead to different roughness parameters of the same surface.
This paper discusses a promising method to investigate defects on high-gloss finished metal surfa... more This paper discusses a promising method to investigate defects on high-gloss finished metal surfaces. The main aim is to detect very shallow scratches on such tribological surfaces. The method must be simple in its applicability, insensitive to external disturbances, and sufficiently fast for application in monitoring industrial processes. To achieve this, the principle of light scattering is used by scanning
STLE/ASME 2008 International Joint Tribology Conference, 2008
This paper discusses a promising method to investigate high gloss finished metal surfaces. The ma... more This paper discusses a promising method to investigate high gloss finished metal surfaces. The main aim is to detect very shallow scratches on such surfaces. The method must be simple in its applicability, insensitive to external disturbances and sufficiently fast for application in monitoring industrial processes. To achieve this, the principle of light scattering is used by scanning a surface with a compact scattering light sensor using an LED as a light source (λ = 632.8nm). The reflected light is scattered into a specular part and a diffuse part, and collected by a one dimensional CCD-Array. The detected intensity distribution of the scattered light depends on the topography of the reflecting surface. Significant variations in the intensity profile will permit to identify the surface defects. With this system we were able to detect scratches on high gloss metal sheets with a typical width of 1 μm and a depth as small as 40 nm.
ABSTRACT The surface quality of high gloss polished steel sheets with respect to ‘orange peel’ is... more ABSTRACT The surface quality of high gloss polished steel sheets with respect to ‘orange peel’ is studied. This is motivated by the fact that workpieces are ranked solely on the visual appearance of finished surfaces according to the observed degree of orange peel. Here, to quantify the degree of orange peel, surface topographies of industrial samples are acquired by means of phase shifting interferometry, from which various surface roughness parameters are calculated. These parameters are related to qualitative aspects of the surface using the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Two surface roughness parameters were identified as necessary for the evaluation of orange peel, suggesting that traditional methods can be replaced with suitable parameters that improve quality control procedures at the industry.
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