People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occa... more People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because the expressive speech act “congratulations” is not the only way to express happiness and share others their happy news. The present study investigates the congratulation strategies of Pakistani ESL learners and British English speakers under the influence of social distance variable. For this purpose, 120 participants were recruited, and who were further divided into four different groups: 30 British English speakers, 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the elite class, 30 Pakistani ESL learners of the middle class, and 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the lower class. For data collection, a Discourse completion test (DCT) was used as a tool. The findings reveal that the most frequently used types of congratulation strategy are IFID followed by overlapped strategies (a combination of two), an offer of a good wish, expression of ...
International Journal of English Linguistics, 2018
Speech etiquette is an essential part of culture, behavior and human communication. Based upon a ... more Speech etiquette is an essential part of culture, behavior and human communication. Based upon a theoretical framework of politeness and face-threatening acts (FTAs), this study investigates cultural differences in apology responses (ARs) moderated by the threatened face type and the relationship between participants. A discourse completion test, consists of twelve situations is used for data collection. The data was collected from 150 Pakistani Urdu speakers (teachers, doctors, army personals, lawyers, journalists and academicians) working in different institutions and 30 British English speakers (faculty members of English Department, Coventry University, UK, Leeds University, UK and British Association of Applied Linguistics members). The findings reveal that Pakistanis are found using more positive face threatening apology responses (Acceptance and Acknowledgment) including Absolution, Dismissal, Intensifiers, and Acknowledgement with Thanking, Advice, and Suggestion, than Briti...
Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic features, clinical present... more Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic features, clinical presentation, and management and outcome of fifty cases of nonalcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy from a tertiary care hospital of a region with reported incidence of thiamine deficiency disorders. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, fifty adult cases of Wernicke’s encephalopathy were analyzed. The diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy was made according to the European federation of neurological societies guidelines 2010. Response to thiamine replacement and associated brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were also considered as supportive evidence. Results: The mean age of patients was 50.38 years with 20 males and 30 females. The most common clinical manifestations were alteration in sensorium in 30 (60%), ataxia in 18 (36%), memory impairment in 15 (30%), nystagmus in 35 (70%), ophthalmoparesis in 11 (22%), and seizures in 4 (8%). A total of 42 patients had a histor...
Aim: To audit all the patients admitted in Shalamar Hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatit... more Aim: To audit all the patients admitted in Shalamar Hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Methods: All patients admitted in Shalamar Hospital with a diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis from Oct 2012 to Oct 2014 were included in the study. All patients were studied for their cause of pancreatitis, development of complications, laboratory parameters, admission in ICU and development of complications. Results: In a period of two years a total of 30 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. 13 were males (43%) and 17 females (57%). The mean age was 46.4 years. Most common etiology was gall stones in 57%. The median length of hospital stay was 6.87 days. 20% of the patients had a diagnosis of severe pancreatitis and required admission in an ICU. There were no mortalities in our study. 40 % patients suffered from minor or major complications. 5 patients had ARDS, 2 patients developed a pseudocyst and 3 patients developed necrosis. One drain placement, two laparotomie...
Abstract Fertiliser research in Pakistan is undertaken by the federal research institutions, the ... more Abstract Fertiliser research in Pakistan is undertaken by the federal research institutions, the provincial agriculture research institutes and the agricultural universities and colleges. These institutions have different facilities in terms of trained manpower, laboratories and research farms. The system is reviewed with overall integration in mind, particular attention being paid to formulating fertiliser recommendations to be adopted by the farmers. Through critical appraisal of the whole system, significant improvements can be effected. Measures have been suggested by means of which policymakers, planners and agricultural scientists can co-ordinate activities and make better use of available resources.
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015
Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinico-radiological entity that is... more Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinico-radiological entity that is characterized by variable associations of seizure activity, consciousness impairment, headaches, visual abnormalities, nausea, vomiting and focal neurological signs. No large data exists on the association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with renal failure. Materials and Methods: This case series of five patients was collected to examine the association of two conditions and evaluate outcome. All these patients were enrolled in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. No informed consent was sought because the study was merely observational and did not demand deviations from standard. Results: Four patients presented with acute renal failure and one patient had established EndStage Renal Disease. All the patients had hypertension at presentation besides other risk factors. All the patients had Magnetic Resonance Imaging documented posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Despite intensive management, two patients did not show any improvement of blood pressure control and died. This observation raises the possibility that renal failure increases mortality in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. However, Original Research Article Khan et al.; BJMMR, 6(11): 1096-1100, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.287 1097 our series is limited by small number of enrollees and hence no definite conclusions can be drawn from this observation. Conclusion: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome should be considered in all those patients who have renal failure and associated neurological abnormalities. The association needs to be taken urgently and seriously.
People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occa... more People usually express their feelings and emotions positively to others when they have happy occasions. However, the ways of expressing congratulation may vary because the expressive speech act “congratulations” is not the only way to express happiness and share others their happy news. The present study investigates the congratulation strategies of Pakistani ESL learners and British English speakers under the influence of social distance variable. For this purpose, 120 participants were recruited, and who were further divided into four different groups: 30 British English speakers, 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the elite class, 30 Pakistani ESL learners of the middle class, and 30 Pakistani ESL learners in the lower class. For data collection, a Discourse completion test (DCT) was used as a tool. The findings reveal that the most frequently used types of congratulation strategy are IFID followed by overlapped strategies (a combination of two), an offer of a good wish, expression of ...
International Journal of English Linguistics, 2018
Speech etiquette is an essential part of culture, behavior and human communication. Based upon a ... more Speech etiquette is an essential part of culture, behavior and human communication. Based upon a theoretical framework of politeness and face-threatening acts (FTAs), this study investigates cultural differences in apology responses (ARs) moderated by the threatened face type and the relationship between participants. A discourse completion test, consists of twelve situations is used for data collection. The data was collected from 150 Pakistani Urdu speakers (teachers, doctors, army personals, lawyers, journalists and academicians) working in different institutions and 30 British English speakers (faculty members of English Department, Coventry University, UK, Leeds University, UK and British Association of Applied Linguistics members). The findings reveal that Pakistanis are found using more positive face threatening apology responses (Acceptance and Acknowledgment) including Absolution, Dismissal, Intensifiers, and Acknowledgement with Thanking, Advice, and Suggestion, than Briti...
Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic features, clinical present... more Objective: The objective of this study was to describe the demographic features, clinical presentation, and management and outcome of fifty cases of nonalcoholic Wernicke’s encephalopathy from a tertiary care hospital of a region with reported incidence of thiamine deficiency disorders. Materials and Methods: In a retrospective study, fifty adult cases of Wernicke’s encephalopathy were analyzed. The diagnosis of Wernicke’s encephalopathy was made according to the European federation of neurological societies guidelines 2010. Response to thiamine replacement and associated brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were also considered as supportive evidence. Results: The mean age of patients was 50.38 years with 20 males and 30 females. The most common clinical manifestations were alteration in sensorium in 30 (60%), ataxia in 18 (36%), memory impairment in 15 (30%), nystagmus in 35 (70%), ophthalmoparesis in 11 (22%), and seizures in 4 (8%). A total of 42 patients had a histor...
Aim: To audit all the patients admitted in Shalamar Hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatit... more Aim: To audit all the patients admitted in Shalamar Hospital with a diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. Methods: All patients admitted in Shalamar Hospital with a diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis from Oct 2012 to Oct 2014 were included in the study. All patients were studied for their cause of pancreatitis, development of complications, laboratory parameters, admission in ICU and development of complications. Results: In a period of two years a total of 30 patients were admitted with a diagnosis of pancreatitis. 13 were males (43%) and 17 females (57%). The mean age was 46.4 years. Most common etiology was gall stones in 57%. The median length of hospital stay was 6.87 days. 20% of the patients had a diagnosis of severe pancreatitis and required admission in an ICU. There were no mortalities in our study. 40 % patients suffered from minor or major complications. 5 patients had ARDS, 2 patients developed a pseudocyst and 3 patients developed necrosis. One drain placement, two laparotomie...
Abstract Fertiliser research in Pakistan is undertaken by the federal research institutions, the ... more Abstract Fertiliser research in Pakistan is undertaken by the federal research institutions, the provincial agriculture research institutes and the agricultural universities and colleges. These institutions have different facilities in terms of trained manpower, laboratories and research farms. The system is reviewed with overall integration in mind, particular attention being paid to formulating fertiliser recommendations to be adopted by the farmers. Through critical appraisal of the whole system, significant improvements can be effected. Measures have been suggested by means of which policymakers, planners and agricultural scientists can co-ordinate activities and make better use of available resources.
British Journal of Medicine and Medical Research, 2015
Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinico-radiological entity that is... more Background: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a clinico-radiological entity that is characterized by variable associations of seizure activity, consciousness impairment, headaches, visual abnormalities, nausea, vomiting and focal neurological signs. No large data exists on the association of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome with renal failure. Materials and Methods: This case series of five patients was collected to examine the association of two conditions and evaluate outcome. All these patients were enrolled in a tertiary care hospital over a period of two years. No informed consent was sought because the study was merely observational and did not demand deviations from standard. Results: Four patients presented with acute renal failure and one patient had established EndStage Renal Disease. All the patients had hypertension at presentation besides other risk factors. All the patients had Magnetic Resonance Imaging documented posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. Despite intensive management, two patients did not show any improvement of blood pressure control and died. This observation raises the possibility that renal failure increases mortality in patients with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. However, Original Research Article Khan et al.; BJMMR, 6(11): 1096-1100, 2015; Article no.BJMMR.2015.287 1097 our series is limited by small number of enrollees and hence no definite conclusions can be drawn from this observation. Conclusion: Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome should be considered in all those patients who have renal failure and associated neurological abnormalities. The association needs to be taken urgently and seriously.
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Papers by M. Tahir Saleem