Physicochemical Characteristics of three soil samples collected from Qaser Bin Ghashir region, so... more Physicochemical Characteristics of three soil samples collected from Qaser Bin Ghashir region, south of Tripoli, Libya have been investigated in terms of soil permeability, density (ρ), water content (WC), organic content (OC), dissolved salts content (DS), and inorganic ash content (IAC) as-well-as the reaction towards mineral acids and bases. Silicic acid Si (OH)4 was successfully prepared from sandy soil sample in a considerable amount and the mechanistic equations were proposed for three possible preparation routes of the acid. Results show that sandy sample is the most permeable and reliable soil for the water penetration and silicic acid preparation respectively. Values of pH and the reaction between soil samples and mineral acids proof that the alkalinity nature of the samples. Chemical composition of the investigated samples were determined and were found to vary from the sample to another and from content to other according to the origin and nature of the soil.
Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 2015
Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine and nuclear pow... more Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine and nuclear power plants. Radioactive wastes should be managed in a safe manner to protect human beings and the environment now and in the future. The management strategy depends on collection, segregation, treatment, immobilization, and disposal. The treatment process is a very important step in which the hazardous materials were converted to a more concentrated, less volume and less movable materials. Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry in which the passage of electric current was producing a chemical change. Electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes is widely used all over the world. It has a number of advantages and hence benefits. Electrochemistry can lead to remote, automatic control and increasing safety. The present work is focusing on the role of electrochemistry in the treatment of radioactive wastes worldwide. It contains the fundamentals of electrochemistry, the brief story of radioactive wastes, and the modern trends in the electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes. An overview of electrochemical decomposition of organic wastes, electrochemical reduction of nitrates, electro- precipitation, electro- ion exchange, and electrochemical remediation of soil are outlined. The main operating factors, the mechanism of decontamination, energy consumption and examples of field trials are considered.
Nowadays, poultry is an economic and effective source for the production of animal protein within... more Nowadays, poultry is an economic and effective source for the production of animal protein within the shortest possible time, playing a vital role in narrowing down the gap of animal protein supply worldwide especially in the developing countries.1 The poultry industry is one of the most sectors of meat production with a significant contribution to human food production.2 Moreover, consumers have their own high preferences for poultry meat. In fact, in rural regions chicken live side by side with human and was considered as a meaningful source of the food for several communities. Occasionally, biologists considered chicken as a perfect animal/bird for the experimental purposes3 to indicate the quality and the health of the environment. The importance of chickens for people may be due to the fact that poultry products such as light white meat and egg provide animal protein of high biological value.4 Poultry as an animal can easily be infected or infested with several types of parasit...
Green preparation of heavy metal saponin complexes has been successfully optimized by direct comb... more Green preparation of heavy metal saponin complexes has been successfully optimized by direct combination between crude extract of Olea Europaea and Citrus Aurantium with divalent heavy metals, Pb2+ and Cd2+. The main operating factors affecting preparation process were investigated and evaluated in terms of setting time, heavy metal ion concentration, crude extract concentration, and pH value of the medium. Saponin complexes had been prepared using the optimum concentrations of heavy metal ions (120 ppm) and optimum concentration of crude extract (600 ppm) in the slightly alkaline medium. The presence of saponin in plants was confirmed by chemical tests and UV/Vis analysis. Amount of prepared saponine complexes has the order: (Pb/Olive) > (Cd/Olive) > (Pb/Citrus) > (Cd/Citrus). In this process, saponins was isolated and heavy metals were eliminated by a simple, faster and without a huge amount of solvents. The process itself seems to be green isolation of saponins from plan...
Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research , 2019
Biodiversity and prevalence of chewing lice on local poultry (Gallus Gallus Domesticus, family Ph... more Biodiversity and prevalence of chewing lice on local poultry (Gallus Gallus Domesticus, family Phasianidae) have been successfully determined for five selected sites around Qaser Bin Ghashir region, Libya between November 2017 and April 2018. The total investigated chicken samples are 135, and the infected samples were found to be 94. Ticks, fleas, and mites were detected in a small quantity in addition to three different species of biting lice. The obtained results show that Asuani has the lowest amount of ectoparasites, while Suq AL-kamees samples were infected completely by 100 % prevalence of chewing lice. The calculated total average prevalence percentage (TAP, %) of all sites are ≤ 70 %. Three species of lice were detected and identified on the local poultry, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, and Lipeurus caponis. The most abundant species in the study area is Menopon gallinae with prevalence percentage about ≈ 69.84 %. A comparison between chewing lice around Qaser Bin Ghashir region in Libya and other countries has been carried out and it was found that (TAP, %) for Algeria > (TAP, %) for Libya > (TAP, %) for USA. Finally, the study proves that Libya contains a mild status of biodiversity.
Saponin isolated from medicinal plants is a naturally occurring bioorganic molecule with high mol... more Saponin isolated from medicinal plants is a naturally occurring bioorganic molecule with high molecular weight and its aglycone (water non-soluble part) nucleus having 27 to 30 carbon atoms besides one or two sugar moieties (water soluble part) containing at least 6 or 12 carbon atoms respectively. The complexity of saponin chemistry maybe considered as a gap for many scientists and researchers to understand the relationship between the chemical structure and its medical or pharmaceutical behavior. Recently, the increase in demand of saponin applications was observed due to various biological, medicinal, and pharmaceutical actions. Therefore, this present review article provides detailed information about the chemistry of saponin, especially triterpenoid saponin. Classifications, chemical structure, the possible traditional isolation ways, qualitative, and quantitative determination of saponins were included exclusively. Examples of mono and bidesmosidic structure of oleanolic acid and hederagenin also outlined. Structural differences between triterpenoid, steroid, and alkaloid glycosides were summarized according to their atoms, rings, and functional groups.
According to green chemistry recommendations, avoiding usage of solvents during chemical reaction... more According to green chemistry recommendations, avoiding usage of solvents during chemical reactions was considered as a modern approach in research worldwide. Usage of solvents usually associated with environmental impacts and chemical contamination besides the economical factor. So, it is highly recommended to undergo the chemical reaction without using solvents. Accordingly, our present study aimed to prepare carboxylate salts under solvent-free conditions. In this study, twelve salts like salicylate, oxalate, tartrate, and citrate have been prepared successfully in the form of sodium, potassium, and calcium salts using grindstone neutralization reactions between reactants in solid phase. Reactions under investigations were examined and evaluated in terms of initiating grinding time, practical percentage yield (%), and the released reaction temperature as-well-as the violence of the reaction. The reaction was affected greatly by acidity, basicity, and aromaticity of the reactants. It was found that sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of oxalate, tartrate, and citrate easily prepared within shorter time period (~ 1-4 min.) with relatively high practical percentage yield (~ 60-85 %). The violence of the reactions was monitored by recording the maximum elevated temperature which reached to 103 ᵒC after 2 min. for the reaction of tartaric acid with NaOH. Aluminum salts of salicylate, oxalate, tartrate, and citrate were excluded from the grindstone neutralization reactions due to insufficient chemical reactivity of aluminum hydroxide towards carboxylic acids. It was found that salicylic acid is the lowest reactive compound due to its aromatic property, and therefore salicylate salts show the lowest percentage yield (~ 50-70 %). Acidity and basicity are the main operational factors affecting on the chemical structure of the final product and its amount. The rate of changing temperature with grinding time (∆∅,ᵒC/min.) was calculated for the investigated reactions, and the reaction of citric acid with NaOH has the highest ∆∅ value. Finally, the proposed chemical reaction is considered as good new water resources as-well-as simple preparation method for carboxylate salts. Grindstone neutralization reactions were characterized by simplicity, workability, applicability, efficiently in addition to shorter life time for the preparation of various salts of organic acids.
Abstract: Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine
and n... more Abstract: Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine and nuclear power plants. Radioactive wastes should be managed in a safe manner to protect human beings and the environment now and in the future. The management strategy depends on collection, segregation, treatment, immobilization, and disposal. The treatment process is a very important step in which the hazardous materials were converted to a more concentrated, less volume and less movable materials. Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry in which the passage of electric current was producing a chemical change. Electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes is widely used all over the world. It has a number of advantages and hence benefits. Electrochemistry can lead to remote, automatic control and increasing safety. The present work is focusing on the role of electrochemistry in the treatment of radioactive wastes worldwide. It contains the fundamentals of electrochemistry, the brief story of radioactive wastes, and the modern trends in the electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes. An overview of electrochemical decomposition of organic wastes, electrochemical reduction of nitrates, electro- precipitation, electro- ion exchange, and electrochemical remediation of soil are outlined. The main operating factors, the mechanism of decontamination, energy consumption and examples of field trials are considered. Keywords: Radioactive wastes, electrochemistry, organic wastes, nitrate, sludge, energy consumption, electro-ion exchange, contaminated soil, electro-flocculation. Submitted: November 1, 2015. Revised: December 7, 2015. Accepted: December 18, 2015.
Three Arabian eye kohl brands were analyzed for the presence of lead and cadmium using atomic abs... more Three Arabian eye kohl brands were analyzed for the presence of lead and cadmium using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffraction techniques. In this work, the chemical analysis of the samples was studied according to the concentration of heavy metals, solubility in different medium, reaction with KI, moisture, and organic contents. XRD pattern proposed the presence of some crystalline material in an amorphous background for all investigated brands. Mineral data analysis shows that the main minerals found in the samples are Manganoshadlunite in Natural Arab Kohl (NAK), samarskite in Natural Black Al-Athmod Kohl (NBAK), and kitaibelite in Black Al-Hashemi kohl (BHK). Physical properties such as color, forms, touch, and transparency are nearly the same for all samples but different in density, average pore diameter, and specific surface area. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed that the average percentage of Pb was in the range 0.2411 to 6.173 %; and from zero to 0.0019 % for Cd. The maximum concentration of Pb and Cd was found in Natural Arab Kohl (NAK) sample and is equal to 30.865 mg/g and 9.50 µg/g respectively. The minimum concentration of heavy metal was found in Natural Black Al-Athmod Kohl (NBAK) sample. Moisture was present in a very low percent (~ 1%) while organics was being in a reasonable amount (maximum ≥ 69%). All eye kohl brands are soluble in acidic medium with different proportions and forms the yellow precipitate of PbI2 when react with KI which is considered as a chemical evidence for the presence of lead. It is highly recommended to use Natural Black Al-Athmod Kohl (NBAK) only because it has low concentration of heavy metals (Pb and Cd), and has higher specific surface area. The risk factor for using these type of eye kohl is very low. The higher surface area helps in spreading the active ingredient leading to increase the treatability against eye disease.
Physicochemical Characteristics of three soil samples collected from Qaser Bin Ghashir region, so... more Physicochemical Characteristics of three soil samples collected from Qaser Bin Ghashir region, south of Tripoli, Libya have been investigated in terms of soil permeability, density (ρ), water content (WC), organic content (OC), dissolved salts content (DS), and inorganic ash content (IAC) as-well-as the reaction towards mineral acids and bases. Silicic acid Si (OH)4 was successfully prepared from sandy soil sample in a considerable amount and the mechanistic equations were proposed for three possible preparation routes of the acid. Results show that sandy sample is the most permeable and reliable soil for the water penetration and silicic acid preparation respectively. Values of pH and the reaction between soil samples and mineral acids proof that the alkalinity nature of the samples. Chemical composition of the investigated samples were determined and were found to vary from the sample to another and from content to other according to the origin and nature of the soil.
Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry, 2015
Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine and nuclear pow... more Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine and nuclear power plants. Radioactive wastes should be managed in a safe manner to protect human beings and the environment now and in the future. The management strategy depends on collection, segregation, treatment, immobilization, and disposal. The treatment process is a very important step in which the hazardous materials were converted to a more concentrated, less volume and less movable materials. Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry in which the passage of electric current was producing a chemical change. Electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes is widely used all over the world. It has a number of advantages and hence benefits. Electrochemistry can lead to remote, automatic control and increasing safety. The present work is focusing on the role of electrochemistry in the treatment of radioactive wastes worldwide. It contains the fundamentals of electrochemistry, the brief story of radioactive wastes, and the modern trends in the electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes. An overview of electrochemical decomposition of organic wastes, electrochemical reduction of nitrates, electro- precipitation, electro- ion exchange, and electrochemical remediation of soil are outlined. The main operating factors, the mechanism of decontamination, energy consumption and examples of field trials are considered.
Nowadays, poultry is an economic and effective source for the production of animal protein within... more Nowadays, poultry is an economic and effective source for the production of animal protein within the shortest possible time, playing a vital role in narrowing down the gap of animal protein supply worldwide especially in the developing countries.1 The poultry industry is one of the most sectors of meat production with a significant contribution to human food production.2 Moreover, consumers have their own high preferences for poultry meat. In fact, in rural regions chicken live side by side with human and was considered as a meaningful source of the food for several communities. Occasionally, biologists considered chicken as a perfect animal/bird for the experimental purposes3 to indicate the quality and the health of the environment. The importance of chickens for people may be due to the fact that poultry products such as light white meat and egg provide animal protein of high biological value.4 Poultry as an animal can easily be infected or infested with several types of parasit...
Green preparation of heavy metal saponin complexes has been successfully optimized by direct comb... more Green preparation of heavy metal saponin complexes has been successfully optimized by direct combination between crude extract of Olea Europaea and Citrus Aurantium with divalent heavy metals, Pb2+ and Cd2+. The main operating factors affecting preparation process were investigated and evaluated in terms of setting time, heavy metal ion concentration, crude extract concentration, and pH value of the medium. Saponin complexes had been prepared using the optimum concentrations of heavy metal ions (120 ppm) and optimum concentration of crude extract (600 ppm) in the slightly alkaline medium. The presence of saponin in plants was confirmed by chemical tests and UV/Vis analysis. Amount of prepared saponine complexes has the order: (Pb/Olive) > (Cd/Olive) > (Pb/Citrus) > (Cd/Citrus). In this process, saponins was isolated and heavy metals were eliminated by a simple, faster and without a huge amount of solvents. The process itself seems to be green isolation of saponins from plan...
Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research , 2019
Biodiversity and prevalence of chewing lice on local poultry (Gallus Gallus Domesticus, family Ph... more Biodiversity and prevalence of chewing lice on local poultry (Gallus Gallus Domesticus, family Phasianidae) have been successfully determined for five selected sites around Qaser Bin Ghashir region, Libya between November 2017 and April 2018. The total investigated chicken samples are 135, and the infected samples were found to be 94. Ticks, fleas, and mites were detected in a small quantity in addition to three different species of biting lice. The obtained results show that Asuani has the lowest amount of ectoparasites, while Suq AL-kamees samples were infected completely by 100 % prevalence of chewing lice. The calculated total average prevalence percentage (TAP, %) of all sites are ≤ 70 %. Three species of lice were detected and identified on the local poultry, Menopon gallinae, Menacanthus stramineus, and Lipeurus caponis. The most abundant species in the study area is Menopon gallinae with prevalence percentage about ≈ 69.84 %. A comparison between chewing lice around Qaser Bin Ghashir region in Libya and other countries has been carried out and it was found that (TAP, %) for Algeria > (TAP, %) for Libya > (TAP, %) for USA. Finally, the study proves that Libya contains a mild status of biodiversity.
Saponin isolated from medicinal plants is a naturally occurring bioorganic molecule with high mol... more Saponin isolated from medicinal plants is a naturally occurring bioorganic molecule with high molecular weight and its aglycone (water non-soluble part) nucleus having 27 to 30 carbon atoms besides one or two sugar moieties (water soluble part) containing at least 6 or 12 carbon atoms respectively. The complexity of saponin chemistry maybe considered as a gap for many scientists and researchers to understand the relationship between the chemical structure and its medical or pharmaceutical behavior. Recently, the increase in demand of saponin applications was observed due to various biological, medicinal, and pharmaceutical actions. Therefore, this present review article provides detailed information about the chemistry of saponin, especially triterpenoid saponin. Classifications, chemical structure, the possible traditional isolation ways, qualitative, and quantitative determination of saponins were included exclusively. Examples of mono and bidesmosidic structure of oleanolic acid and hederagenin also outlined. Structural differences between triterpenoid, steroid, and alkaloid glycosides were summarized according to their atoms, rings, and functional groups.
According to green chemistry recommendations, avoiding usage of solvents during chemical reaction... more According to green chemistry recommendations, avoiding usage of solvents during chemical reactions was considered as a modern approach in research worldwide. Usage of solvents usually associated with environmental impacts and chemical contamination besides the economical factor. So, it is highly recommended to undergo the chemical reaction without using solvents. Accordingly, our present study aimed to prepare carboxylate salts under solvent-free conditions. In this study, twelve salts like salicylate, oxalate, tartrate, and citrate have been prepared successfully in the form of sodium, potassium, and calcium salts using grindstone neutralization reactions between reactants in solid phase. Reactions under investigations were examined and evaluated in terms of initiating grinding time, practical percentage yield (%), and the released reaction temperature as-well-as the violence of the reaction. The reaction was affected greatly by acidity, basicity, and aromaticity of the reactants. It was found that sodium, potassium, and calcium salts of oxalate, tartrate, and citrate easily prepared within shorter time period (~ 1-4 min.) with relatively high practical percentage yield (~ 60-85 %). The violence of the reactions was monitored by recording the maximum elevated temperature which reached to 103 ᵒC after 2 min. for the reaction of tartaric acid with NaOH. Aluminum salts of salicylate, oxalate, tartrate, and citrate were excluded from the grindstone neutralization reactions due to insufficient chemical reactivity of aluminum hydroxide towards carboxylic acids. It was found that salicylic acid is the lowest reactive compound due to its aromatic property, and therefore salicylate salts show the lowest percentage yield (~ 50-70 %). Acidity and basicity are the main operational factors affecting on the chemical structure of the final product and its amount. The rate of changing temperature with grinding time (∆∅,ᵒC/min.) was calculated for the investigated reactions, and the reaction of citric acid with NaOH has the highest ∆∅ value. Finally, the proposed chemical reaction is considered as good new water resources as-well-as simple preparation method for carboxylate salts. Grindstone neutralization reactions were characterized by simplicity, workability, applicability, efficiently in addition to shorter life time for the preparation of various salts of organic acids.
Abstract: Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine
and n... more Abstract: Radioactive wastes are arising from nuclear applications such as nuclear medicine and nuclear power plants. Radioactive wastes should be managed in a safe manner to protect human beings and the environment now and in the future. The management strategy depends on collection, segregation, treatment, immobilization, and disposal. The treatment process is a very important step in which the hazardous materials were converted to a more concentrated, less volume and less movable materials. Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry in which the passage of electric current was producing a chemical change. Electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes is widely used all over the world. It has a number of advantages and hence benefits. Electrochemistry can lead to remote, automatic control and increasing safety. The present work is focusing on the role of electrochemistry in the treatment of radioactive wastes worldwide. It contains the fundamentals of electrochemistry, the brief story of radioactive wastes, and the modern trends in the electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes. An overview of electrochemical decomposition of organic wastes, electrochemical reduction of nitrates, electro- precipitation, electro- ion exchange, and electrochemical remediation of soil are outlined. The main operating factors, the mechanism of decontamination, energy consumption and examples of field trials are considered. Keywords: Radioactive wastes, electrochemistry, organic wastes, nitrate, sludge, energy consumption, electro-ion exchange, contaminated soil, electro-flocculation. Submitted: November 1, 2015. Revised: December 7, 2015. Accepted: December 18, 2015.
Three Arabian eye kohl brands were analyzed for the presence of lead and cadmium using atomic abs... more Three Arabian eye kohl brands were analyzed for the presence of lead and cadmium using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and X-ray diffraction techniques. In this work, the chemical analysis of the samples was studied according to the concentration of heavy metals, solubility in different medium, reaction with KI, moisture, and organic contents. XRD pattern proposed the presence of some crystalline material in an amorphous background for all investigated brands. Mineral data analysis shows that the main minerals found in the samples are Manganoshadlunite in Natural Arab Kohl (NAK), samarskite in Natural Black Al-Athmod Kohl (NBAK), and kitaibelite in Black Al-Hashemi kohl (BHK). Physical properties such as color, forms, touch, and transparency are nearly the same for all samples but different in density, average pore diameter, and specific surface area. Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) showed that the average percentage of Pb was in the range 0.2411 to 6.173 %; and from zero to 0.0019 % for Cd. The maximum concentration of Pb and Cd was found in Natural Arab Kohl (NAK) sample and is equal to 30.865 mg/g and 9.50 µg/g respectively. The minimum concentration of heavy metal was found in Natural Black Al-Athmod Kohl (NBAK) sample. Moisture was present in a very low percent (~ 1%) while organics was being in a reasonable amount (maximum ≥ 69%). All eye kohl brands are soluble in acidic medium with different proportions and forms the yellow precipitate of PbI2 when react with KI which is considered as a chemical evidence for the presence of lead. It is highly recommended to use Natural Black Al-Athmod Kohl (NBAK) only because it has low concentration of heavy metals (Pb and Cd), and has higher specific surface area. The risk factor for using these type of eye kohl is very low. The higher surface area helps in spreading the active ingredient leading to increase the treatability against eye disease.
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Papers by Maher Abed El Aziz
and nuclear power plants. Radioactive wastes should be managed in a safe manner to
protect human beings and the environment now and in the future. The management
strategy depends on collection, segregation, treatment, immobilization, and disposal. The
treatment process is a very important step in which the hazardous materials were converted
to a more concentrated, less volume and less movable materials. Electrochemistry is the
branch of chemistry in which the passage of electric current was producing a chemical
change. Electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes is widely used all over the world. It
has a number of advantages and hence benefits. Electrochemistry can lead to remote,
automatic control and increasing safety. The present work is focusing on the role of
electrochemistry in the treatment of radioactive wastes worldwide. It contains the
fundamentals of electrochemistry, the brief story of radioactive wastes, and the modern
trends in the electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes. An overview of
electrochemical decomposition of organic wastes, electrochemical reduction of nitrates,
electro- precipitation, electro- ion exchange, and electrochemical remediation of soil are
outlined. The main operating factors, the mechanism of decontamination, energy
consumption and examples of field trials are considered.
Keywords: Radioactive wastes, electrochemistry, organic wastes, nitrate, sludge, energy
consumption, electro-ion exchange, contaminated soil, electro-flocculation.
Submitted: November 1, 2015. Revised: December 7, 2015. Accepted: December 18,
2015.
and nuclear power plants. Radioactive wastes should be managed in a safe manner to
protect human beings and the environment now and in the future. The management
strategy depends on collection, segregation, treatment, immobilization, and disposal. The
treatment process is a very important step in which the hazardous materials were converted
to a more concentrated, less volume and less movable materials. Electrochemistry is the
branch of chemistry in which the passage of electric current was producing a chemical
change. Electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes is widely used all over the world. It
has a number of advantages and hence benefits. Electrochemistry can lead to remote,
automatic control and increasing safety. The present work is focusing on the role of
electrochemistry in the treatment of radioactive wastes worldwide. It contains the
fundamentals of electrochemistry, the brief story of radioactive wastes, and the modern
trends in the electrochemical treatment of radioactive wastes. An overview of
electrochemical decomposition of organic wastes, electrochemical reduction of nitrates,
electro- precipitation, electro- ion exchange, and electrochemical remediation of soil are
outlined. The main operating factors, the mechanism of decontamination, energy
consumption and examples of field trials are considered.
Keywords: Radioactive wastes, electrochemistry, organic wastes, nitrate, sludge, energy
consumption, electro-ion exchange, contaminated soil, electro-flocculation.
Submitted: November 1, 2015. Revised: December 7, 2015. Accepted: December 18,
2015.