Good co-ordination is critical for school water and sanitation programmes. For SSHE, the challeng... more Good co-ordination is critical for school water and sanitation programmes. For SSHE, the challenge is to ensure that education, engineering, health, non-governmental and local government institutions really work together. This applies to the state, district, and community level within India. Programmes should begin by organising a strong co-ordination mechanism at each level.
The purpose of the following paper is to highlight the going debate presented in the previous WED... more The purpose of the following paper is to highlight the going debate presented in the previous WEDC conference paper on the role of NGOs/CBOs in solid waste management in Hyderabad (India) (Refer to Snel, 1998). The purpose of this paper is to create a better understanding of the ‘integrated’(linked) perception of waste and how this affects those working in, for example, primary waste collection schemes. This paper will briefly examine solid waste management in Hyderabad. It will go on to focus on a short description of the community-based waste collection scheme. After this it will describe the perceptional changes towards waste workers emerging specifically in urban areas. Finally there will be a focus on the future of the scheme specifically with the potential threat that privatisation may bring towards waste workers in the scheme.
SCHOOL SANITATION AND Hygiene Education (SSHE), is globally recognized as a key intervention to p... more SCHOOL SANITATION AND Hygiene Education (SSHE), is globally recognized as a key intervention to promote children’s right to health and clean environment and to influence a generational change in health promotion behavior and attitudes. It is now known that not only the quality of teaching but also the environment, especially the availability of safe drinking water and sanitation together with good hygiene practices are key factors which influence learning. Since the beginning of 2000, UNICEF, together with the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) is involved in a SSHE project in various states around India. The overall objective of the School Sanitation and Hygiene Education programme in India, also known as the SWASTHH programme (meaning School Water and Sanitation towards Health and Hygiene) is to develop, test and successfully demonstrate replicable models for hygiene education, water supply and environmental sanitation in rural primary schools and pre-schools. The SWA...
This paper starts off with a focus on monitoring within the context of SSHE. This is followed wit... more This paper starts off with a focus on monitoring within the context of SSHE. This is followed with a section on monitoring indicators. Finally, some concluding remarks are given regarding the role of monitoring in SSHE projects.
The Action Research for Learning programme was a three-year initiative (2013–2015), led by IRC, t... more The Action Research for Learning programme was a three-year initiative (2013–2015), led by IRC, to improve the effectiveness of existing hygiene promotion and community empowerment programmes of selected local Dutch WASH Alliance partners in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana and Uganda. In Ethiopia and Bangladesh, the focus was on hygiene promotion, while in Ghana and Uganda the focus was on community empowerment interventions. The objective of this paper is to give an understanding of how this Action Research for Learning took place and helped in strengthening the capacities of the selected partners for action research, analysis, reporting and learning; to enhance community-based monitoring of WASH services; and to promote understanding, harmonisation and coordination among district and local governments and local NGOs for effective community empowerment in WASH.
In 2014, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and IRC obtained a grant from the Aus... more In 2014, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and IRC obtained a grant from the Australian Development and Research Awards Scheme) to research accessibility to sanitation in relation with disabilities in Bangladesh and Malawi. The project, aims to obtain prevalence of disability related problems on access and accessibility to sanitation and reflect on a mitigation strategy to be rolled out beyond the project. Iinitial findings based on the survey are: To address the problem of adapted sanitation facilities, a general mobility problem needs solving first; to discuss solutions, social barriers around both sanitation and disability need to be lifted by all relevant stakeholders. To address suitable solutions in a cost-effective and up-scalable way, a dialog between provider and user seems to be the best way forward in Bangladesh. At the same time, self-assessment by the disabled does not always result in the most appropriate solution.
This project focused on the planning and implementation of action research on alternative strateg... more This project focused on the planning and implementation of action research on alternative strategies for environmental sanitation and waste management in six peri-urban coastal communities in south Asia. Five universities and five NGOs from India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, The Netherlands and Finland1 cooperated with local Governments. This project developed as a result of the need for more research in the area of sanitation. The reader should be aware that this paper represents the processed used and the outcomes from an evaluation of this project. The objectives of this project were to measure the (1) cost-effectiveness of innovative and replicable approaches to excreta and solid waste management in low income peri-urban settlements; (2) to measurably improve sanitation conditions and practices; (3) to scale up the tested approaches; (4) and to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation and implementation skills of the participating research and civic society institutions. The project ...
In many developing countries schools are the only organized institutions available in villages an... more In many developing countries schools are the only organized institutions available in villages and communities which offer a place for children to learn and play. However, in many countries schools have very poor or even lack proper water and sanitation facilities which inevitably means an unsanitary, unhealthy and inconvenient environment for children that may consequently contribute to poor hygiene habits, absenteeism and drop out rates particularly among girls. Since schools are important learning places, the promotion of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation within schools help children to adopt good habits during formative childhood. The provision of safe water and sanitation facilities are as much a basic need as a right for all children. Moreover, good hygiene education will improve the health and attendance of children and is likely to result in a lower drop out rates. School sanitation and hygiene education(SSHE) is therefore the combination of hardware and software...
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2018
Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) services for involuntarily displaced populations ... more Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) services for involuntarily displaced populations is an important component of Sustainable Development Goal 6: achieving universal and equitable access to basic WaSH services by 2030. To date, households have been the main priority in the WaSH sector, and other settings have received less attention. Ensuring that involuntarily displaced persons have adequate WaSH and environmental health services is of critical importance for human rights and development outcomes. The Water Institute at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill and World Vision organized a side event at the 2017 UNC Water and Health conference to discuss obstacles and opportunities related to improving environmental conditions in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) settlements. Participants discussed the characteristics of each setting in breakout discussion groups, and then came together to discuss the similarities and di...
To assess access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities ... more To assess access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities at the household and individual level. Cross-sectional surveys. Data were included from five district-level or regional-level surveys: two in Bangladesh (Bangladesh-1, Bangladesh-2), and one each in Cameroon, Malawi and India. 99 252 participants were sampled across the datasets (range: 3567-75 767), including 2494 with disabilities (93-1374). Prevalence of access to WASH at household and individual level. Age/sex disaggregated disability prevalence estimates were calculated accounting for survey design. The Unicef/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme definitions were used to classify facilities as improved/unimproved. Multivariable logistic regression was undertaken to compare between households with/without a person with a disability, and to identify predictors of access among people with disabilities. There were no differences in access to improved sanitation or water sources between househ...
Good co-ordination is critical for school water and sanitation programmes. For SSHE, the challeng... more Good co-ordination is critical for school water and sanitation programmes. For SSHE, the challenge is to ensure that education, engineering, health, non-governmental and local government institutions really work together. This applies to the state, district, and community level within India. Programmes should begin by organising a strong co-ordination mechanism at each level.
The purpose of the following paper is to highlight the going debate presented in the previous WED... more The purpose of the following paper is to highlight the going debate presented in the previous WEDC conference paper on the role of NGOs/CBOs in solid waste management in Hyderabad (India) (Refer to Snel, 1998). The purpose of this paper is to create a better understanding of the ‘integrated’(linked) perception of waste and how this affects those working in, for example, primary waste collection schemes. This paper will briefly examine solid waste management in Hyderabad. It will go on to focus on a short description of the community-based waste collection scheme. After this it will describe the perceptional changes towards waste workers emerging specifically in urban areas. Finally there will be a focus on the future of the scheme specifically with the potential threat that privatisation may bring towards waste workers in the scheme.
SCHOOL SANITATION AND Hygiene Education (SSHE), is globally recognized as a key intervention to p... more SCHOOL SANITATION AND Hygiene Education (SSHE), is globally recognized as a key intervention to promote children’s right to health and clean environment and to influence a generational change in health promotion behavior and attitudes. It is now known that not only the quality of teaching but also the environment, especially the availability of safe drinking water and sanitation together with good hygiene practices are key factors which influence learning. Since the beginning of 2000, UNICEF, together with the International Water and Sanitation Centre (IRC) is involved in a SSHE project in various states around India. The overall objective of the School Sanitation and Hygiene Education programme in India, also known as the SWASTHH programme (meaning School Water and Sanitation towards Health and Hygiene) is to develop, test and successfully demonstrate replicable models for hygiene education, water supply and environmental sanitation in rural primary schools and pre-schools. The SWA...
This paper starts off with a focus on monitoring within the context of SSHE. This is followed wit... more This paper starts off with a focus on monitoring within the context of SSHE. This is followed with a section on monitoring indicators. Finally, some concluding remarks are given regarding the role of monitoring in SSHE projects.
The Action Research for Learning programme was a three-year initiative (2013–2015), led by IRC, t... more The Action Research for Learning programme was a three-year initiative (2013–2015), led by IRC, to improve the effectiveness of existing hygiene promotion and community empowerment programmes of selected local Dutch WASH Alliance partners in Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Ghana and Uganda. In Ethiopia and Bangladesh, the focus was on hygiene promotion, while in Ghana and Uganda the focus was on community empowerment interventions. The objective of this paper is to give an understanding of how this Action Research for Learning took place and helped in strengthening the capacities of the selected partners for action research, analysis, reporting and learning; to enhance community-based monitoring of WASH services; and to promote understanding, harmonisation and coordination among district and local governments and local NGOs for effective community empowerment in WASH.
In 2014, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and IRC obtained a grant from the Aus... more In 2014, the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and IRC obtained a grant from the Australian Development and Research Awards Scheme) to research accessibility to sanitation in relation with disabilities in Bangladesh and Malawi. The project, aims to obtain prevalence of disability related problems on access and accessibility to sanitation and reflect on a mitigation strategy to be rolled out beyond the project. Iinitial findings based on the survey are: To address the problem of adapted sanitation facilities, a general mobility problem needs solving first; to discuss solutions, social barriers around both sanitation and disability need to be lifted by all relevant stakeholders. To address suitable solutions in a cost-effective and up-scalable way, a dialog between provider and user seems to be the best way forward in Bangladesh. At the same time, self-assessment by the disabled does not always result in the most appropriate solution.
This project focused on the planning and implementation of action research on alternative strateg... more This project focused on the planning and implementation of action research on alternative strategies for environmental sanitation and waste management in six peri-urban coastal communities in south Asia. Five universities and five NGOs from India, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, The Netherlands and Finland1 cooperated with local Governments. This project developed as a result of the need for more research in the area of sanitation. The reader should be aware that this paper represents the processed used and the outcomes from an evaluation of this project. The objectives of this project were to measure the (1) cost-effectiveness of innovative and replicable approaches to excreta and solid waste management in low income peri-urban settlements; (2) to measurably improve sanitation conditions and practices; (3) to scale up the tested approaches; (4) and to strengthen interdisciplinary cooperation and implementation skills of the participating research and civic society institutions. The project ...
In many developing countries schools are the only organized institutions available in villages an... more In many developing countries schools are the only organized institutions available in villages and communities which offer a place for children to learn and play. However, in many countries schools have very poor or even lack proper water and sanitation facilities which inevitably means an unsanitary, unhealthy and inconvenient environment for children that may consequently contribute to poor hygiene habits, absenteeism and drop out rates particularly among girls. Since schools are important learning places, the promotion of personal hygiene and environmental sanitation within schools help children to adopt good habits during formative childhood. The provision of safe water and sanitation facilities are as much a basic need as a right for all children. Moreover, good hygiene education will improve the health and attendance of children and is likely to result in a lower drop out rates. School sanitation and hygiene education(SSHE) is therefore the combination of hardware and software...
Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, 2018
Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) services for involuntarily displaced populations ... more Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) services for involuntarily displaced populations is an important component of Sustainable Development Goal 6: achieving universal and equitable access to basic WaSH services by 2030. To date, households have been the main priority in the WaSH sector, and other settings have received less attention. Ensuring that involuntarily displaced persons have adequate WaSH and environmental health services is of critical importance for human rights and development outcomes. The Water Institute at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill and World Vision organized a side event at the 2017 UNC Water and Health conference to discuss obstacles and opportunities related to improving environmental conditions in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) settlements. Participants discussed the characteristics of each setting in breakout discussion groups, and then came together to discuss the similarities and di...
To assess access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities ... more To assess access to adequate water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) among people with disabilities at the household and individual level. Cross-sectional surveys. Data were included from five district-level or regional-level surveys: two in Bangladesh (Bangladesh-1, Bangladesh-2), and one each in Cameroon, Malawi and India. 99 252 participants were sampled across the datasets (range: 3567-75 767), including 2494 with disabilities (93-1374). Prevalence of access to WASH at household and individual level. Age/sex disaggregated disability prevalence estimates were calculated accounting for survey design. The Unicef/WHO Joint Monitoring Programme definitions were used to classify facilities as improved/unimproved. Multivariable logistic regression was undertaken to compare between households with/without a person with a disability, and to identify predictors of access among people with disabilities. There were no differences in access to improved sanitation or water sources between househ...
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