Journal of The American Water Resources Association, Apr 1, 1992
ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis... more ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. A GIS combines spatial database management, statistical analysis, and cartographic modelling capabilities within a computer hardware and software configuration. Texas water use data for selected categories in 1980 and 1986 were analyzed using ARC/INFO to demonstrate the utility of GIS for water resource information management. Examples of data analysis and display are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of cartographic representations to communicate water use data.
ABSTRACT Although they have been the subject of intense cartographic investigation, few colonial ... more ABSTRACT Although they have been the subject of intense cartographic investigation, few colonial American maps have been systematically investigated using modern network analysis. William Scull's 1770 map of Pennsylvania was digitized and examined using graph analyses to determine which routes were most important in connecting Philadelphia to its extended hinterlands, which river crossings were most important, and what role the road network played in the rapid growth and development of Lancaster, one of the largest inland towns at that time. Several important routes to the western frontier were delineated and it was found that Lancaster was located in an area of high accessibility and connectivity, which allowed the town to become colonial Pennsylvania's most important inland entrepôt.
ABSTRACT: Overland transportation routes played an important role in the early development of Pen... more ABSTRACT: Overland transportation routes played an important role in the early development of Pennsylvania's Cumberland Valley. The Virginia path (a major north- south overland route) and Raystown path (the southern extension of the east- west Allegheny path) were major regional trade routes and met in the valley at the small town of Shippensburg. Founded in the mid-1730s by Philadelphia merchant Edward Shippen, Shippensburg was envisioned as a trading center that would help to link the eastern plains with the Ohio Valley. Its location in the center of the Cumberland Valley should have allowed the settlement to prosper as raw materials flowed east and finished goods flowed west. However, within a few decades of its founding Shippensburg's role as regional trading center had all but ceased. By the late 1700s east- west trade had been diverted away from Shippensburg by Carlisle to the north and Chambersburg to the south. INTRODUCTION way between the old northern entrance and...
ABSTRACT: In response to calls by Lees (2000) and others to address “new wrinkles ” in the “geogr... more ABSTRACT: In response to calls by Lees (2000) and others to address “new wrinkles ” in the “geography of gentrification, ” several recent studies have focused on the influence of urban policy on gentrification. Here we present a case study in Harrisburg, PA that investigates neighborhood dynamics and the influence of planned gentrification efforts in two neighborhoods, South Allison Hill and Capitol Heights, using a stable neighborhood, Midtown, as a baseline. This comparison is especially salient to research in the geography of gentrification because each neighborhood represents two different strategies of planned gentrification. In the case of Capitol Heights, the City of Harrisburg and its private partners have performed broad scale block-level teardowns and rebuilds. In contrast, urban renewal projects in South Allison Hill have focused on parcel scale rehabilitation projects, usually in partnership with individual homeowners or businesses, with the intention of creating small f...
ABSTRACT: Tax assessment, estate inventories, and demographic data for Cumberland County, Pennsyl... more ABSTRACT: Tax assessment, estate inventories, and demographic data for Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
... 6 The impacts of the war on Pennsylvania's frontier settlers are discussed in great deta... more ... 6 The impacts of the war on Pennsylvania's frontier settlers are discussed in great detail in Matthew C. Ward, Breaking the Backcountry: the Seven Years' war in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 17541765 (Pittsburgh PA, 2003). ...
Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1992
ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis... more ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. A GIS combines spatial database management, statistical analysis, and cartographic modelling capabilities within a computer hardware and software configuration. Texas water use data for selected categories in 1980 and 1986 were analyzed using ARC/INFO to demonstrate the utility of GIS for water resource information management. Examples of data analysis and display are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of cartographic representations to communicate water use data.
ABSTRACT. The PurÉpecha region of Michoacán State, in west-central Mexico, has a strong tradition... more ABSTRACT. The PurÉpecha region of Michoacán State, in west-central Mexico, has a strong tradition of craft production, especially wooden items. Transportation improvements in the region since the mid-twentieth century have led to a higher level of integration of the ...
ABSTRACT: The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world’s only naturally occurring nitra... more ABSTRACT: The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world’s only naturally occurring nitrate deposits. With the development of synthetic nitrate in Germany during WWI, Chile’s nitrate mining industry found itself overcapitalized and suffering from the effects of overproduction. By the end of the 1940s the industry had all but collapsed. This paper will illustrate the impacts that over-reliance on primary exports has had on the desert landscape in the Tarapacá Region of northern Chile. Based on data compiled from the field and photo-interpretation a conservative estimate is that about 5-7 % of the desert (≈103,000 acres) has been directly impacted by nitrate mining, nearly 174 million cubic yards of waste material generated, and over 100 processing plants abandoned. While the impacts on the landscape are substantial, the abandoned remains of the industry constitute an important cultural resource and offer a glimpse into the long-term effects of this failed economy of dependency.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct some of the basic demographic characteris... more ABSTRACT: This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct some of the basic demographic characteristics of Franklin county by using grave marker inscriptions for individuals born prior to 1800 as the primary data source. Inscriptions from 70 cemeteries and graveyards were compiled from published sources and field visits, resulting in a data set of over 1000 individuals. Data on age at death; death, birth, and conception date; and ethnicity derived from surnames were recorded for each burial. Results based on analysis of these data suggest that life expectancy was fairly long for those who survived past twenty years. Conception and natality exhibited seasonal characteristics while mortality did not. Men tended to marry later and on average live longer after their spouses died. The population was predominately rural, yet concentrated in a few areas. Finally, towns tended to be more ethnically diverse than rural areas and also exhibited more stable populations.
The collapse of Chile's nitrate industry during the 1930s is examined relative to the nitrate... more The collapse of Chile's nitrate industry during the 1930s is examined relative to the nitrate extraction technology used and the available labor force. Results suggest that the nature of the extraction technology used (the Shanks system), the distribution and quality of the nitrate ore (caliche), and the makeup of the labor force limited producers' ability to increase profits and/or lower production costs. Specifically, the Shanks system of nitrate production required intensive use of labor, such that increases in technological capacity (e.g. production machinery) necessarily had to be accompanied by proportional increases in labor. Under such a system the ability to remain competitive by lowering production costs was severely constrained. Producers opted to lower wages while maintaining the size of the labor force. Ultimately this led to worker rebellion, hastening the demise of the industry.
The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world's only naturally occurring nitrate dep... more The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world's only naturally occurring nitrate deposits. With the development of synthetic nitrate in Germany during WWI, Chile's nitrate mining industry found itself overcapitalized and suffering from the effects of overproduction. By the end of the 1940s the industry had all but collapsed. This paper will illustrate the impacts that over-reliance on primary exports has had on the desert landscape in the Tarapaca Region of northern Chile. Based on data compiled from the field and photo- interpretation a conservative estimate is that about 5-7% of the desert (≈103,000 acres) has been directly impacted by nitrate mining, nearly 174 million cubic yards of waste material generated, and over 100 processing plants abandoned. While the impacts on the landscape are substantial, the abandoned remains of the industry constitute an important cultural resource and offer a glimpse into the long-term effects of this failed economy of dependency.
Journal of The American Water Resources Association, Apr 1, 1992
ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis... more ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. A GIS combines spatial database management, statistical analysis, and cartographic modelling capabilities within a computer hardware and software configuration. Texas water use data for selected categories in 1980 and 1986 were analyzed using ARC/INFO to demonstrate the utility of GIS for water resource information management. Examples of data analysis and display are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of cartographic representations to communicate water use data.
ABSTRACT Although they have been the subject of intense cartographic investigation, few colonial ... more ABSTRACT Although they have been the subject of intense cartographic investigation, few colonial American maps have been systematically investigated using modern network analysis. William Scull's 1770 map of Pennsylvania was digitized and examined using graph analyses to determine which routes were most important in connecting Philadelphia to its extended hinterlands, which river crossings were most important, and what role the road network played in the rapid growth and development of Lancaster, one of the largest inland towns at that time. Several important routes to the western frontier were delineated and it was found that Lancaster was located in an area of high accessibility and connectivity, which allowed the town to become colonial Pennsylvania's most important inland entrepôt.
ABSTRACT: Overland transportation routes played an important role in the early development of Pen... more ABSTRACT: Overland transportation routes played an important role in the early development of Pennsylvania's Cumberland Valley. The Virginia path (a major north- south overland route) and Raystown path (the southern extension of the east- west Allegheny path) were major regional trade routes and met in the valley at the small town of Shippensburg. Founded in the mid-1730s by Philadelphia merchant Edward Shippen, Shippensburg was envisioned as a trading center that would help to link the eastern plains with the Ohio Valley. Its location in the center of the Cumberland Valley should have allowed the settlement to prosper as raw materials flowed east and finished goods flowed west. However, within a few decades of its founding Shippensburg's role as regional trading center had all but ceased. By the late 1700s east- west trade had been diverted away from Shippensburg by Carlisle to the north and Chambersburg to the south. INTRODUCTION way between the old northern entrance and...
ABSTRACT: In response to calls by Lees (2000) and others to address “new wrinkles ” in the “geogr... more ABSTRACT: In response to calls by Lees (2000) and others to address “new wrinkles ” in the “geography of gentrification, ” several recent studies have focused on the influence of urban policy on gentrification. Here we present a case study in Harrisburg, PA that investigates neighborhood dynamics and the influence of planned gentrification efforts in two neighborhoods, South Allison Hill and Capitol Heights, using a stable neighborhood, Midtown, as a baseline. This comparison is especially salient to research in the geography of gentrification because each neighborhood represents two different strategies of planned gentrification. In the case of Capitol Heights, the City of Harrisburg and its private partners have performed broad scale block-level teardowns and rebuilds. In contrast, urban renewal projects in South Allison Hill have focused on parcel scale rehabilitation projects, usually in partnership with individual homeowners or businesses, with the intention of creating small f...
ABSTRACT: Tax assessment, estate inventories, and demographic data for Cumberland County, Pennsyl... more ABSTRACT: Tax assessment, estate inventories, and demographic data for Cumberland County, Pennsylvania
... 6 The impacts of the war on Pennsylvania's frontier settlers are discussed in great deta... more ... 6 The impacts of the war on Pennsylvania's frontier settlers are discussed in great detail in Matthew C. Ward, Breaking the Backcountry: the Seven Years' war in Virginia and Pennsylvania, 17541765 (Pittsburgh PA, 2003). ...
Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 1992
ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis... more ABSTRACT The temporal and locational attributes of water use data are ideally suited for analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) approach. A GIS combines spatial database management, statistical analysis, and cartographic modelling capabilities within a computer hardware and software configuration. Texas water use data for selected categories in 1980 and 1986 were analyzed using ARC/INFO to demonstrate the utility of GIS for water resource information management. Examples of data analysis and display are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of cartographic representations to communicate water use data.
ABSTRACT. The PurÉpecha region of Michoacán State, in west-central Mexico, has a strong tradition... more ABSTRACT. The PurÉpecha region of Michoacán State, in west-central Mexico, has a strong tradition of craft production, especially wooden items. Transportation improvements in the region since the mid-twentieth century have led to a higher level of integration of the ...
ABSTRACT: The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world’s only naturally occurring nitra... more ABSTRACT: The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world’s only naturally occurring nitrate deposits. With the development of synthetic nitrate in Germany during WWI, Chile’s nitrate mining industry found itself overcapitalized and suffering from the effects of overproduction. By the end of the 1940s the industry had all but collapsed. This paper will illustrate the impacts that over-reliance on primary exports has had on the desert landscape in the Tarapacá Region of northern Chile. Based on data compiled from the field and photo-interpretation a conservative estimate is that about 5-7 % of the desert (≈103,000 acres) has been directly impacted by nitrate mining, nearly 174 million cubic yards of waste material generated, and over 100 processing plants abandoned. While the impacts on the landscape are substantial, the abandoned remains of the industry constitute an important cultural resource and offer a glimpse into the long-term effects of this failed economy of dependency.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct some of the basic demographic characteris... more ABSTRACT: This paper presents an attempt to reconstruct some of the basic demographic characteristics of Franklin county by using grave marker inscriptions for individuals born prior to 1800 as the primary data source. Inscriptions from 70 cemeteries and graveyards were compiled from published sources and field visits, resulting in a data set of over 1000 individuals. Data on age at death; death, birth, and conception date; and ethnicity derived from surnames were recorded for each burial. Results based on analysis of these data suggest that life expectancy was fairly long for those who survived past twenty years. Conception and natality exhibited seasonal characteristics while mortality did not. Men tended to marry later and on average live longer after their spouses died. The population was predominately rural, yet concentrated in a few areas. Finally, towns tended to be more ethnically diverse than rural areas and also exhibited more stable populations.
The collapse of Chile's nitrate industry during the 1930s is examined relative to the nitrate... more The collapse of Chile's nitrate industry during the 1930s is examined relative to the nitrate extraction technology used and the available labor force. Results suggest that the nature of the extraction technology used (the Shanks system), the distribution and quality of the nitrate ore (caliche), and the makeup of the labor force limited producers' ability to increase profits and/or lower production costs. Specifically, the Shanks system of nitrate production required intensive use of labor, such that increases in technological capacity (e.g. production machinery) necessarily had to be accompanied by proportional increases in labor. Under such a system the ability to remain competitive by lowering production costs was severely constrained. Producers opted to lower wages while maintaining the size of the labor force. Ultimately this led to worker rebellion, hastening the demise of the industry.
The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world's only naturally occurring nitrate dep... more The Atacama Desert of South America contains the world's only naturally occurring nitrate deposits. With the development of synthetic nitrate in Germany during WWI, Chile's nitrate mining industry found itself overcapitalized and suffering from the effects of overproduction. By the end of the 1940s the industry had all but collapsed. This paper will illustrate the impacts that over-reliance on primary exports has had on the desert landscape in the Tarapaca Region of northern Chile. Based on data compiled from the field and photo- interpretation a conservative estimate is that about 5-7% of the desert (≈103,000 acres) has been directly impacted by nitrate mining, nearly 174 million cubic yards of waste material generated, and over 100 processing plants abandoned. While the impacts on the landscape are substantial, the abandoned remains of the industry constitute an important cultural resource and offer a glimpse into the long-term effects of this failed economy of dependency.
Uploads
Papers by Paul Marr