The detrimental effects of prolonged water exposure on skin are well known. Information on the ef... more The detrimental effects of prolonged water exposure on skin are well known. Information on the effects of short-term exposure, e.g., during bathing, showering, and hand washing, on NMF levels is limited. In an attempt to isolate the effects of soaking on the NMF, a time course for skin sample collection was devised in which adhesive tapes were applied 0.5 and four hours after soaking of the treated arm. Significant decreases in NMF levels, quantified by HPLC analysis of serial tape strips, were observed 0.5 hours after soaking, with a replacement of NMF occurring by the four-hour mark. This replacement corresponds to a parallel rebound in skin pH also observed at these times. Stratum corneum hydration values, measured instrumentally as the rate of moisture accumulation (MAT), however, were depressed 0.5 hours post-soaking and remained low four hours later. In addition, significant increases in skin pH were observed during the immediate post-soak period. These findings suggest that short-term exposure to water alone produces significant changes in the stratum corneum.
Extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants are at increased risk for infection because the innate i... more Extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants are at increased risk for infection because the innate immune function of their skin is underdeveloped as they lack a competent epidermal barrier. Thus, neonatal clinicians need to pay careful attention to skin care practices, particularly for periviable infants. In this review, we describe the challenges of skin care in ELBW infants and summarize strategies to prevent skin injury, minimize damage when it occurs, and enhance cutaneous innate immunity.
BackgroundNewborn infant skin changes after birth but studies have focused on the epidermal barri... more BackgroundNewborn infant skin changes after birth but studies have focused on the epidermal barrier. Dermal properties are relevant for care, but literature on postnatal changes is sparse. We further characterized skin maturational changes in lightness, color and response to biomechanical stress.MethodsNormal skin sites from subsets of participants in a trial on the progression and stage of infantile hemangiomas were retrospectively examined. Standardized photographs were analyzed as L*, a*, and b* images. Biomechanics were measured with the Cutometer®.ResultsColor changed significantly with increasing age. Skin was darker and redder at 2.0 vs. 5.4, 8.5 and 12.8 months. Yellow color increased, with higher values at 12.8 vs. 2.0, 3.5 and 5.4 months. Chest tissue was consistently more elastic than arm and face sites, with significantly higher elasticity for the youngest and oldest age groups. Biological elasticity, elastic recovery, and total recovery were significantly greater for th...
Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is essential for appropriate stratum corneum hydration, barrier... more Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is essential for appropriate stratum corneum hydration, barrier homeostasis, desquamation, and plasticity. It is formed from filaggrin proteolysis to small, hygroscopic molecules including amino acids. We hypothesized that common lipid extraction and soaking in water would alter the level of NMF in the upper SC and its biophysical properties. A novel method of measuring and quantifying the amino acid components of NMF is presented. Adhesive tapes were used to collect samples of the stratum corneum (SC) and were extracted with 6mM perchloric acid for analysis by reverse-phase HPLC. HPLC results were standardized to the amount of protein removed by the tapes. An increase in NMF was found with increased SC depth. Also, the combination of extraction and soaking was found to increase NMF loss relative to control or to extraction or soaking alone. Our results indicate that common skin care practices significantly influence the water binding materials in the upper SC. The findings have implications for the evaluation and formulation of skin care products.
Contexte: Pour les patients en USIN, le risque de lesions cutanees est eleve en raison de leur pr... more Contexte: Pour les patients en USIN, le risque de lesions cutanees est eleve en raison de leur prematurite, de l'exposition a des substances irritantes, de leur etat de sante ou du stress. Des efforts doivent etre faits pour reduire au maximum les atteintes de la peau, favoriser le developpement cutane et diminuer le risque d'infection, mais les donnees publiees concernant les effets des pratiques en matiere de soins cutanes chez le patient en USIN sont limitees. Objectifs: Tester l'hypothese selon laquelle les lingettes pour le siege constituees de nettoyants emollients et d'un substrat doux reduiraient les alterations cutanees par comparaison avec une compresse et de l'eau. Methodes: L'etat de la peau de 130 nourrissons en USIN (âge gestationnel 23 a 41 semaines, 30 a 51 semaines au moment du recrutement) a ete evalue quotidiennement pendant 5 a 14 jours a travers la mesure, au moyen de methodes standardisees, de l'erytheme cutane, de l'eruption cut...
Infant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors inclu... more Infant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors including increased skin hydration, irritant exposure, and increased skin pH. We examined diaper dermatitis vs within diaper and non‐diaper controls over time and characterized the association of skin color and texture relative to skin barrier integrity, hydration, and pH.
ABSTRACT Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are deep, superficial or mixed vascular neoplasms with rapidl... more ABSTRACT Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are deep, superficial or mixed vascular neoplasms with rapidly proliferating endothelial cells that stabilize and involute with diminishing cellular activity, apoptosis and resolution over 7 - 10 years. Clinicians evaluate progression, treatment response and stage by inspection, photography (color, size shape), and palpation (temperature, deformability). Lightening, flattening, reduced temperature and softness signal involution(1) . The limitations of subjective methods and need for objective metrics are recognized(2) . Color, infrared (IR)(3) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging have been applied to IHs(4) . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the pa... more An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
The detrimental effects of prolonged water exposure on skin are well known. Information on the ef... more The detrimental effects of prolonged water exposure on skin are well known. Information on the effects of short-term exposure, e.g., during bathing, showering, and hand washing, on NMF levels is limited. In an attempt to isolate the effects of soaking on the NMF, a time course for skin sample collection was devised in which adhesive tapes were applied 0.5 and four hours after soaking of the treated arm. Significant decreases in NMF levels, quantified by HPLC analysis of serial tape strips, were observed 0.5 hours after soaking, with a replacement of NMF occurring by the four-hour mark. This replacement corresponds to a parallel rebound in skin pH also observed at these times. Stratum corneum hydration values, measured instrumentally as the rate of moisture accumulation (MAT), however, were depressed 0.5 hours post-soaking and remained low four hours later. In addition, significant increases in skin pH were observed during the immediate post-soak period. These findings suggest that short-term exposure to water alone produces significant changes in the stratum corneum.
Extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants are at increased risk for infection because the innate i... more Extremely low-birthweight (ELBW) infants are at increased risk for infection because the innate immune function of their skin is underdeveloped as they lack a competent epidermal barrier. Thus, neonatal clinicians need to pay careful attention to skin care practices, particularly for periviable infants. In this review, we describe the challenges of skin care in ELBW infants and summarize strategies to prevent skin injury, minimize damage when it occurs, and enhance cutaneous innate immunity.
BackgroundNewborn infant skin changes after birth but studies have focused on the epidermal barri... more BackgroundNewborn infant skin changes after birth but studies have focused on the epidermal barrier. Dermal properties are relevant for care, but literature on postnatal changes is sparse. We further characterized skin maturational changes in lightness, color and response to biomechanical stress.MethodsNormal skin sites from subsets of participants in a trial on the progression and stage of infantile hemangiomas were retrospectively examined. Standardized photographs were analyzed as L*, a*, and b* images. Biomechanics were measured with the Cutometer®.ResultsColor changed significantly with increasing age. Skin was darker and redder at 2.0 vs. 5.4, 8.5 and 12.8 months. Yellow color increased, with higher values at 12.8 vs. 2.0, 3.5 and 5.4 months. Chest tissue was consistently more elastic than arm and face sites, with significantly higher elasticity for the youngest and oldest age groups. Biological elasticity, elastic recovery, and total recovery were significantly greater for th...
Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is essential for appropriate stratum corneum hydration, barrier... more Natural moisturizing factor (NMF) is essential for appropriate stratum corneum hydration, barrier homeostasis, desquamation, and plasticity. It is formed from filaggrin proteolysis to small, hygroscopic molecules including amino acids. We hypothesized that common lipid extraction and soaking in water would alter the level of NMF in the upper SC and its biophysical properties. A novel method of measuring and quantifying the amino acid components of NMF is presented. Adhesive tapes were used to collect samples of the stratum corneum (SC) and were extracted with 6mM perchloric acid for analysis by reverse-phase HPLC. HPLC results were standardized to the amount of protein removed by the tapes. An increase in NMF was found with increased SC depth. Also, the combination of extraction and soaking was found to increase NMF loss relative to control or to extraction or soaking alone. Our results indicate that common skin care practices significantly influence the water binding materials in the upper SC. The findings have implications for the evaluation and formulation of skin care products.
Contexte: Pour les patients en USIN, le risque de lesions cutanees est eleve en raison de leur pr... more Contexte: Pour les patients en USIN, le risque de lesions cutanees est eleve en raison de leur prematurite, de l'exposition a des substances irritantes, de leur etat de sante ou du stress. Des efforts doivent etre faits pour reduire au maximum les atteintes de la peau, favoriser le developpement cutane et diminuer le risque d'infection, mais les donnees publiees concernant les effets des pratiques en matiere de soins cutanes chez le patient en USIN sont limitees. Objectifs: Tester l'hypothese selon laquelle les lingettes pour le siege constituees de nettoyants emollients et d'un substrat doux reduiraient les alterations cutanees par comparaison avec une compresse et de l'eau. Methodes: L'etat de la peau de 130 nourrissons en USIN (âge gestationnel 23 a 41 semaines, 30 a 51 semaines au moment du recrutement) a ete evalue quotidiennement pendant 5 a 14 jours a travers la mesure, au moyen de methodes standardisees, de l'erytheme cutane, de l'eruption cut...
Infant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors inclu... more Infant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors including increased skin hydration, irritant exposure, and increased skin pH. We examined diaper dermatitis vs within diaper and non‐diaper controls over time and characterized the association of skin color and texture relative to skin barrier integrity, hydration, and pH.
ABSTRACT Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are deep, superficial or mixed vascular neoplasms with rapidl... more ABSTRACT Infantile hemangiomas (IH) are deep, superficial or mixed vascular neoplasms with rapidly proliferating endothelial cells that stabilize and involute with diminishing cellular activity, apoptosis and resolution over 7 - 10 years. Clinicians evaluate progression, treatment response and stage by inspection, photography (color, size shape), and palpation (temperature, deformability). Lightening, flattening, reduced temperature and softness signal involution(1) . The limitations of subjective methods and need for objective metrics are recognized(2) . Color, infrared (IR)(3) and three-dimensional (3D) imaging have been applied to IHs(4) . This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the pa... more An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
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