Rats and mice are considered resistant and susceptible hosts, respectively, for experimental cryp... more Rats and mice are considered resistant and susceptible hosts, respectively, for experimental cryptococcosis. For both species, alveolar macrophages (AM) are central components of the host response to pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. We explored the role of AM in three strains of mice and three strains of rats during cryptococcal infection by comparing the outcome of infection after macrophage depletion using liposomal clodronate. AM depletion was associated with enhancement and amelioration of disease in rats and mice, respectively, as measured by lung fungal burden. The apparent protective role for AM in rats correlated with enhanced anticryptococcal activity as measured by phagocytic activity, oxidative burst, lysozyme secretion, and ability to limit intracellular growth of C. neoformans. Furthermore, rat AM were more resistant to lysis in association with intracellular infection. In summary, differences in AM function in rats and mice suggest an explanation for the sp...
Hidden Markov principal component analysis incorporates the dependence between multivariate obser... more Hidden Markov principal component analysis incorporates the dependence between multivariate observations, which in a typical principal component analysis is discarded. For the application of this dynamic model, it is necessary to know beforehand, the dimensionality of the principal subspace associated with each state of a Markov chain, also, the number of states of the chain. In this article, information criteria are employed for model selection. A sequential pruning strategy for model selection is presented as well, in order to reduce computational cost. Results using synthetic data are shown.
... Analysis Through Time Mauricio Alvarez1 and Ricardo Henao2 ... Existence of such a kernel fun... more ... Analysis Through Time Mauricio Alvarez1 and Ricardo Henao2 ... Existence of such a kernel function is guaranteed by the Mercer's theorem [7]. One of the most popular kernels is the gaussian RBF kernel, defined as k(xi, xj) = exp ( xi − xj 2/σ2 K ) where σ2 K controls the RBF ...
BackgroundCryptococcus neoformansis an encapsulated yeast that is a facultative intracellular pat... more BackgroundCryptococcus neoformansis an encapsulated yeast that is a facultative intracellular pathogen. The interaction between macrophages andC. neoformansis critical for extrapulmonary dissemination of this pathogenic yeast.C. neoformanscan either lyse macrophages or escape from within them through a process known as phagosomal extrusion. However, most studies of intracellular pathogenesis have been made with mouse cells and their relevance to human infection is uncertain. In this study we extended studies ofC. neoformans-macrophage cellular interaction/s to human peripheral blood monocytes.ResultsThis study demonstrated thatC. neoformanscan shed polysaccharide within human monocytes, spread from cell to cell, and be extruded from them. Furthermore, human monocytes responded to ingestion ofC. neoformanswith cell cycle progression from G1 to S.ConclusionSimilarities between mouse and human cells support the suitability of mouse cells for the study of intracellular pathogenesis mech...
Rats and mice are considered resistant and susceptible hosts, respectively, for experimental cryp... more Rats and mice are considered resistant and susceptible hosts, respectively, for experimental cryptococcosis. For both species, alveolar macrophages (AM) are central components of the host response to pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection. We explored the role of AM in three strains of mice and three strains of rats during cryptococcal infection by comparing the outcome of infection after macrophage depletion using liposomal clodronate. AM depletion was associated with enhancement and amelioration of disease in rats and mice, respectively, as measured by lung fungal burden. The apparent protective role for AM in rats correlated with enhanced anticryptococcal activity as measured by phagocytic activity, oxidative burst, lysozyme secretion, and ability to limit intracellular growth of C. neoformans. Furthermore, rat AM were more resistant to lysis in association with intracellular infection. In summary, differences in AM function in rats and mice suggest an explanation for the sp...
Hidden Markov principal component analysis incorporates the dependence between multivariate obser... more Hidden Markov principal component analysis incorporates the dependence between multivariate observations, which in a typical principal component analysis is discarded. For the application of this dynamic model, it is necessary to know beforehand, the dimensionality of the principal subspace associated with each state of a Markov chain, also, the number of states of the chain. In this article, information criteria are employed for model selection. A sequential pruning strategy for model selection is presented as well, in order to reduce computational cost. Results using synthetic data are shown.
... Analysis Through Time Mauricio Alvarez1 and Ricardo Henao2 ... Existence of such a kernel fun... more ... Analysis Through Time Mauricio Alvarez1 and Ricardo Henao2 ... Existence of such a kernel function is guaranteed by the Mercer's theorem [7]. One of the most popular kernels is the gaussian RBF kernel, defined as k(xi, xj) = exp ( xi − xj 2/σ2 K ) where σ2 K controls the RBF ...
BackgroundCryptococcus neoformansis an encapsulated yeast that is a facultative intracellular pat... more BackgroundCryptococcus neoformansis an encapsulated yeast that is a facultative intracellular pathogen. The interaction between macrophages andC. neoformansis critical for extrapulmonary dissemination of this pathogenic yeast.C. neoformanscan either lyse macrophages or escape from within them through a process known as phagosomal extrusion. However, most studies of intracellular pathogenesis have been made with mouse cells and their relevance to human infection is uncertain. In this study we extended studies ofC. neoformans-macrophage cellular interaction/s to human peripheral blood monocytes.ResultsThis study demonstrated thatC. neoformanscan shed polysaccharide within human monocytes, spread from cell to cell, and be extruded from them. Furthermore, human monocytes responded to ingestion ofC. neoformanswith cell cycle progression from G1 to S.ConclusionSimilarities between mouse and human cells support the suitability of mouse cells for the study of intracellular pathogenesis mech...
Uploads