A nanostructured star‐shaped polythiophene dendrimer was prepared and used as an extraction mediu... more A nanostructured star‐shaped polythiophene dendrimer was prepared and used as an extraction medium for microextraction in packed syringe for clofentezine pesticide in milk and juice samples in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The thermal behaviors, optical properties, and morphologies of the synthesized samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. A one‐at‐a‐time strategy was applied for optimizing the important extraction parameters such as the nature of desorption solvent, elution volume, pH, number of extraction cycles and sample volume. Under the optimized conditions, a detection limit of 2 × 10−4 μg mL−1 and a linear calibration curve with an R2 of 0.9983 were obtained for clofentezine. The average recovery of the analyte for juice and milk samples were 97.6 and 93% with relative standard deviation of 3.92 and 2.76%, respectively, for five replicat...
This review provides a snapshot of recent progress in the synthesis, materials properties, and ap... more This review provides a snapshot of recent progress in the synthesis, materials properties, and applications of conductive polymers/zeolite (nano-)composites reported until March 2014.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Feb 1, 2022
Starch is the second most abundant naturally-occurring polymer after cellulose possess superior p... more Starch is the second most abundant naturally-occurring polymer after cellulose possess superior physicochemical and biological features with numerous practical applications ranging from industrial to biomedical. Despite, native starch suffer from some drawbacks, including difficult processability, low shear and thermal stability, weak mechanical properties, and tendency to easily retrograde and undergo syneresis. Therefore, modification of native starch is necessary for circumvent the above-mentioned problems and expanding application ranges. This natural polymer can be modified using chemical, physical, enzymatic, and genetic engineering strategies. Amongst, chemical approaches have received more attention owing to enhancing physicochemical and biological features that lead to higher performance than those of the other strategies. In this context, incorporation of sulfur functionality-containing groups (sulfonation and sulfation) can be considered as an efficient approach due to significant enhancement in physiochemical properties, including zeta potential (move to negative values), molecular weight, processiability (e.g., solubility and meltability), and rheology. Furthermore, this strategy can modified some biological features, such as hemocompatibility, protein sorption, biostability, adhesion and proliferation of numerous cells, antithrombogenicity, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, anticoagulant and antifouling properties. Accordingly, this review highlight's the synthesis strategies, physiochemical and biological properties, as well as applications of sulfur functionality-modified starches in numerous practical fields.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Nov 5, 2015
A novel, and facile strategy for chemical, and electrochemical grafting of polythiophene onto pol... more A novel, and facile strategy for chemical, and electrochemical grafting of polythiophene onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is reported. For this purpose, a thiophene-functionalized PVC macromonomer was synthesized via a condensation reaction between phenylamine-functionalized PVC, and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde. The resultant macromonomer subsequently used in chemical, and electrochemical oxidation copolymerization with thiophene monomer to afford a poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-polythiophene (PVC-g-PTh) graft copolymer. The PVC-g-PTh obtained was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and its electroactivity behavior was verified under cyclic voltammetric conditions. The electrical conductivities of the synthesized samples were measured using samples in which the conductive materials were sandwiched between two Ni electrodes at room temperature using the four probe technique. Moreover, thermal behaviors of the synthesized polymers were investigated by means of and thermogravimetric analysis.
A novel and sensitive methodology for the quantitative determination of cinacalcet (CIN), and its... more A novel and sensitive methodology for the quantitative determination of cinacalcet (CIN), and its main metabolites (M2a-Glu, M2b-Glu, M5, and M6) in plasma sample is suggested. The analytical assay is based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector. The method has been fully validated at range covering the plasma concentrations in patients receiving therapeutic dosages of CIN. In this investigation, 2-(2,3-naphthalimino)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (NI-ETFMS) was used as a pre-column derivation agent according to interaction of amine and carboxylate groups of CIN and its metabolites with NI-ETFMS. The sample pretreatment consists of protein precipitation with acetonitrile using only 100 μL of plasma, and chromatographic separation was achieved in isocratic mode on Kinetex C18 100 A column with mobile phase of acetonitrile, methanol, and 50 mM phosphate buffer (40:20:40 v/v). The analytical method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linear range (0.2 to 5.5 ng mL− 1), linearity (r2 > 0.997), sensitivity (LOD = 0.05 to 0.75 ng mL− 1 and LOQ = 0.36 to 2.52 ng mL− 1), intra and inter-days accuracy (− 4.6 to 8.1%), precision (< 7.4%), and robustness (< 3.5%). As results, the proposed method can be useful in the routine analysis for the determination of CIN and its main metabolites in human plasma samples.
In this investigation, a novel strategy for separation and quantitative determination of four met... more In this investigation, a novel strategy for separation and quantitative determination of four metabolites of cinacalcet (M2a-Glu, M2b-Glu, M7-Gly, and M8-Gly) in human urine is suggested. The analytical assay is based on a pre-column derivation procedure of cinacalcet metabolites with 1-pyrenyldiazomethane (PDAM) as a fluorescent labeling reagent, and subsequently separation and quantitative determination with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector. Metabolites were separated on a Microsorb-MV 100-5 C18 chromatography column (250×4.6mm, 5μm) using acetate buffer (pH 3.5):methanol (30:70 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mLmin(-1). The method was fully validated in terms of linearity (r(2)>0.996; 1-10ngmL(-1)), precision (both intra-day and inter-day; RSD<6.2%), accuracy (92-110%), specificity, robustness (0.15%<RSD<4.1%), limits of detection (5×10(-4) to 3×10(-3)ngmL(-1)) and quantification (2×10(-3) to 1×10(-2)ngmL(-1)). According to the results, the proposed method can be useful in the routine analysis for the determination of cinacalcet metabolites in urine samples.
A nanostructured star‐shaped polythiophene dendrimer was prepared and used as an extraction mediu... more A nanostructured star‐shaped polythiophene dendrimer was prepared and used as an extraction medium for microextraction in packed syringe for clofentezine pesticide in milk and juice samples in combination with high‐performance liquid chromatography. The thermal behaviors, optical properties, and morphologies of the synthesized samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis, ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy and field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, respectively. A one‐at‐a‐time strategy was applied for optimizing the important extraction parameters such as the nature of desorption solvent, elution volume, pH, number of extraction cycles and sample volume. Under the optimized conditions, a detection limit of 2 × 10−4 μg mL−1 and a linear calibration curve with an R2 of 0.9983 were obtained for clofentezine. The average recovery of the analyte for juice and milk samples were 97.6 and 93% with relative standard deviation of 3.92 and 2.76%, respectively, for five replicat...
This review provides a snapshot of recent progress in the synthesis, materials properties, and ap... more This review provides a snapshot of recent progress in the synthesis, materials properties, and applications of conductive polymers/zeolite (nano-)composites reported until March 2014.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Feb 1, 2022
Starch is the second most abundant naturally-occurring polymer after cellulose possess superior p... more Starch is the second most abundant naturally-occurring polymer after cellulose possess superior physicochemical and biological features with numerous practical applications ranging from industrial to biomedical. Despite, native starch suffer from some drawbacks, including difficult processability, low shear and thermal stability, weak mechanical properties, and tendency to easily retrograde and undergo syneresis. Therefore, modification of native starch is necessary for circumvent the above-mentioned problems and expanding application ranges. This natural polymer can be modified using chemical, physical, enzymatic, and genetic engineering strategies. Amongst, chemical approaches have received more attention owing to enhancing physicochemical and biological features that lead to higher performance than those of the other strategies. In this context, incorporation of sulfur functionality-containing groups (sulfonation and sulfation) can be considered as an efficient approach due to significant enhancement in physiochemical properties, including zeta potential (move to negative values), molecular weight, processiability (e.g., solubility and meltability), and rheology. Furthermore, this strategy can modified some biological features, such as hemocompatibility, protein sorption, biostability, adhesion and proliferation of numerous cells, antithrombogenicity, antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifungal, anticoagulant and antifouling properties. Accordingly, this review highlight's the synthesis strategies, physiochemical and biological properties, as well as applications of sulfur functionality-modified starches in numerous practical fields.
Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Electronics, Nov 5, 2015
A novel, and facile strategy for chemical, and electrochemical grafting of polythiophene onto pol... more A novel, and facile strategy for chemical, and electrochemical grafting of polythiophene onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is reported. For this purpose, a thiophene-functionalized PVC macromonomer was synthesized via a condensation reaction between phenylamine-functionalized PVC, and thiophene-2-carbaldehyde. The resultant macromonomer subsequently used in chemical, and electrochemical oxidation copolymerization with thiophene monomer to afford a poly(vinyl chloride)-graft-polythiophene (PVC-g-PTh) graft copolymer. The PVC-g-PTh obtained was characterized by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and its electroactivity behavior was verified under cyclic voltammetric conditions. The electrical conductivities of the synthesized samples were measured using samples in which the conductive materials were sandwiched between two Ni electrodes at room temperature using the four probe technique. Moreover, thermal behaviors of the synthesized polymers were investigated by means of and thermogravimetric analysis.
A novel and sensitive methodology for the quantitative determination of cinacalcet (CIN), and its... more A novel and sensitive methodology for the quantitative determination of cinacalcet (CIN), and its main metabolites (M2a-Glu, M2b-Glu, M5, and M6) in plasma sample is suggested. The analytical assay is based on reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector. The method has been fully validated at range covering the plasma concentrations in patients receiving therapeutic dosages of CIN. In this investigation, 2-(2,3-naphthalimino)ethyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (NI-ETFMS) was used as a pre-column derivation agent according to interaction of amine and carboxylate groups of CIN and its metabolites with NI-ETFMS. The sample pretreatment consists of protein precipitation with acetonitrile using only 100 μL of plasma, and chromatographic separation was achieved in isocratic mode on Kinetex C18 100 A column with mobile phase of acetonitrile, methanol, and 50 mM phosphate buffer (40:20:40 v/v). The analytical method was fully validated in terms of selectivity, linear range (0.2 to 5.5 ng mL− 1), linearity (r2 > 0.997), sensitivity (LOD = 0.05 to 0.75 ng mL− 1 and LOQ = 0.36 to 2.52 ng mL− 1), intra and inter-days accuracy (− 4.6 to 8.1%), precision (< 7.4%), and robustness (< 3.5%). As results, the proposed method can be useful in the routine analysis for the determination of CIN and its main metabolites in human plasma samples.
In this investigation, a novel strategy for separation and quantitative determination of four met... more In this investigation, a novel strategy for separation and quantitative determination of four metabolites of cinacalcet (M2a-Glu, M2b-Glu, M7-Gly, and M8-Gly) in human urine is suggested. The analytical assay is based on a pre-column derivation procedure of cinacalcet metabolites with 1-pyrenyldiazomethane (PDAM) as a fluorescent labeling reagent, and subsequently separation and quantitative determination with reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector. Metabolites were separated on a Microsorb-MV 100-5 C18 chromatography column (250×4.6mm, 5μm) using acetate buffer (pH 3.5):methanol (30:70 v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0mLmin(-1). The method was fully validated in terms of linearity (r(2)>0.996; 1-10ngmL(-1)), precision (both intra-day and inter-day; RSD<6.2%), accuracy (92-110%), specificity, robustness (0.15%<RSD<4.1%), limits of detection (5×10(-4) to 3×10(-3)ngmL(-1)) and quantification (2×10(-3) to 1×10(-2)ngmL(-1)). According to the results, the proposed method can be useful in the routine analysis for the determination of cinacalcet metabolites in urine samples.
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