Bu calismada, uc farkli buyuklukte (1, 5 ve 10 g) gokkusagi alabaligi (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavru... more Bu calismada, uc farkli buyuklukte (1, 5 ve 10 g) gokkusagi alabaligi (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavrularinin, 13°C su sicakliginda ve pH 7.0 seviyesinde, amonyak LC50 degerleri tespit edilmistir. Ayrica balik buyuklugu ile turun 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saatlik amonyak LC50 degerleri arasindaki iliski belirlenmistir. Toplam Amonyak Nitrojeni (TAN) icin 96 saatlik LC50 degerleri 1, 5 ve 10 g balik yavrularinda, sirasiyla 10.57 mg/L, 3.39 mg/L ve 2.50 mg/L olarak tespit edilmistir. Her agirlik grubu icin, guvenli ust TAN seviyesi sirasiyla 1.05 mg/L, 0.33 mg/L ve 0.25 mg/L olarak hesaplanmistir. Calisma sonuclari balik agirliginin artmasiyla amonyak LC50 degerinin azaldigini gostermistir
In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter media (1.5 m ... more In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter media (1.5 m 3 ) was determined in the closed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production system. The effect of time intervals after backwashing on the nitrification performance was also investigated. Volumetric total ammonia conversion rates (VTR) at which 6, 12, 18 and 24 st hours following backwash were calculated as 36.7±3 g/m 3 , 62.8±4 g/m 3 , 58.8±2 g/m 3 and 45.3±3 g/m 3 respectively (P<0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that the elapsed time after backwashing had significant effect on the nitrification performance of the biofilter (P<0.05). In the study, while the biofilter worked with the best performance in the period between 12 and 18 hours following backwash, its performance was low in the 6 and 24 hours period.
Abstract Ammonia tolerance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g) wa... more Abstract Ammonia tolerance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g) was investigated by a series of acute toxicity experiments at different salinity levels (10, 20 and 30 ppt) at pH 8.0 and temperature 22 °C. Oxygen consumption rates were also measured to determine the Standard Metabolism (SM) of the fish. The tolerance of the fish to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and unionized ammonia (NH3) increased significantly with increasing salinity levels. The safe level for European sea bass was estimated to be 0.4, 1.0 and 1.6 mg L−1 for TAN and 0.02, 0.04 and 0.07 mg L−1 for NH3 at 10, 20 and 30 ppt salinity levels, respectively. At any, each level, the SM of the fish increased with increasing TAN concentration (P
In the current study, we report the thermal tolerance, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and preferre... more In the current study, we report the thermal tolerance, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and preferred temperature of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (1.2 ± 0.4 g) acclimated at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C for 30 days. Dynamic and static thermal tolerance zones of juvenile European sea bass are 861 °C2 and 613 °C2, respectively. The European sea bass is a fish species with low thermal resistance, with a resistance zone area of 162.5 °C2. The SMR of the fish species at the above acclimation temperatures are 184, 255, 382 and 459 mg O2 h-1 kg-1, respectively and are significantly different (P < 0.001, n = 10). The fact that SMR increases with rising temperatures and gradually decreases after 25 °C indicates that the preferred temperature ranges of juvenile European sea bass are between 25 and 30 °C. Our study shows that European sea bass has a low acclimatization capacity to survive in aquatic systems characterized by wide temperature fluctuations.
Sea bream, Sparus aurata, is one of the most important fish species that is commonly cultured in ... more Sea bream, Sparus aurata, is one of the most important fish species that is commonly cultured in the Mediterranean and the eastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The life cycle of sea bream in its natural habitat passes through hyposaline and hypersaline lagoons. It is important to determine the tolerance of the fish to nitrogenous compounds for aquaculture at maximum stocking densities. In the present study, a series of acute experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of salinity on ammonia and nitrite toxicity to sea bream. The fish were exposed to different ammonia and nitrite concentrations according to the static renewal methodology at three different salinities (10, 20, and 30 ppt) and at a temperature of 20 C and a pH of 8.2. The toxic effect of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) decreased with increasing salinity levels (P < 0.001). Acute toxicity (96-h lethal concentration 50 [LC50]) values of TAN were determined to be 5.93, 11.72, and 19.38 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. The 96-h LC50 values of NO2-N were determined to be 370.80, 619.47, and 806.33 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. Results indicate that sea bream is less tolerant to ammonia but more tolerant to nitrite compared with some other fish species.
The present study reports the temperature tolerance, estimated using dynamic and static methodolo... more The present study reports the temperature tolerance, estimated using dynamic and static methodologies, and preferred temperature range, based on oxygen consumption rate (OCR), of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) (Asso, 1801) (3.4±0.9g) after 30 days of acclimation at 18, 22, 26 and 30°C. Meagre has dynamic and static thermal tolerance zones of 551°C(2) and 460°C(2), respectively and is a low resistance fish species, with a resistance zone area of 87°C(2). The OCR of juvenile meagre at the above acclimation temperatures was 370, 410, 618 and 642mgh(-1)kg(-)(1), respectively, and is significantly different (P<0.0001, n=20). The fact that OCR increases by rising temperatures and gradually decreases after 26°C indicates that the preferred temperature range of juvenile meagre is between 26 and 30°C. Our study suggests that meagre is unable to respond to low and high temperature variation in aquaculture facilities or its natural habitats.
Argyrosomus regius (3.0 ± 0.9 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia in a series ... more Argyrosomus regius (3.0 ± 0.9 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia in a series of acute toxicity tests by the static renewal method at three temperature levels (18, 22 and 26°C) at a pH of 8.2. Low temperature clearly increased the tolerance of the fish to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and unionized ammonia (NH3) (P < 0.05). While the 96-h LC50 values of TAN were 19.79, 10.39 and 5.06 mg L−1, the 96-h LC50 of NH3 were 1.00, 0.70 and 0.44 mg L−1 at 18, 22 and 26°C respectively. The safe levels of NH3 for A. regius was estimated to be 0.10, 0.07 and 0.04 mg L−1 at 18, 22 and 26°C respectively (P < 0.05). This study clearly indicates that A. regius is more sensitive to ammonia than other marine fish species cultured on the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic coasts.
Palaemon serratus juveniles (0.18 ± 0.06 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia i... more Palaemon serratus juveniles (0.18 ± 0.06 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia in a series of acute toxicity tests by the static renewal method at four salinity levels (10, 20, 30, and 40 ppt) at 29 C and at a pH of 8.0. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was also measured. The mortality rate increased with increasing concentrations of ammonia and longer exposure times. High salinity levels clearly increased the tolerance of shrimp to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and unionized ammonia (NH3) (P < 0.05). The safe level for P. serratus was estimated to be 2.1, 3.5, 3.8, and 8.5 mg/L for TAN and 0.13, 0.21, 0.24, and 0.53 mg/L for NH3 at 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppt salinity levels, respectively. OCR of P. serratus increased with increasing salinity and TAN concentrations. This study clearly indicated that there is a relationship between an increment in salinity or TAN and the OCR of P. serratus juveniles (P < 0.05).
Abstract: In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter med... more Abstract: In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter media (1.5 m3) was determined in the closed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production system. The effect of time intervals after backwashing on the nitrification performance was also ...
... Díaz-Herrera F., Sierra-Uribe E., Buckle-Ramírez LF &amp;amp; Garrido-Mora A. (1998) Crit... more ... Díaz-Herrera F., Sierra-Uribe E., Buckle-Ramírez LF &amp;amp; Garrido-Mora A. (1998) Critical thermal maxima and minima of Macrobrachium ... CrossRef. Manush SM, Pal AK, Chatterje N., Das T. &amp;amp; Mukherjee SC (2004) Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Macrobrachium ...
Critical thermal minima (CTmin) and lower incipient lethal temperature (LILT) were determined for... more Critical thermal minima (CTmin) and lower incipient lethal temperature (LILT) were determined for Penaeus semisulcatus juveniles at combinations of four acclimation temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 30 °C) and four salinity levels (20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt). While the CTmin and LILT of shrimps were not affected significantly by salinity (P>0.05), a direct relationship was determined between the thermal minima values (CTmin, LILT) and the acclimation temperature (P<0.05). The acclimation response ratio for the juveniles of P. semisulcatus had an interval of 0.18–0.32 in the current study.
Bu calismada, uc farkli buyuklukte (1, 5 ve 10 g) gokkusagi alabaligi (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavru... more Bu calismada, uc farkli buyuklukte (1, 5 ve 10 g) gokkusagi alabaligi (Oncorhynchus mykiss) yavrularinin, 13°C su sicakliginda ve pH 7.0 seviyesinde, amonyak LC50 degerleri tespit edilmistir. Ayrica balik buyuklugu ile turun 24, 48, 72 ve 96 saatlik amonyak LC50 degerleri arasindaki iliski belirlenmistir. Toplam Amonyak Nitrojeni (TAN) icin 96 saatlik LC50 degerleri 1, 5 ve 10 g balik yavrularinda, sirasiyla 10.57 mg/L, 3.39 mg/L ve 2.50 mg/L olarak tespit edilmistir. Her agirlik grubu icin, guvenli ust TAN seviyesi sirasiyla 1.05 mg/L, 0.33 mg/L ve 0.25 mg/L olarak hesaplanmistir. Calisma sonuclari balik agirliginin artmasiyla amonyak LC50 degerinin azaldigini gostermistir
In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter media (1.5 m ... more In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter media (1.5 m 3 ) was determined in the closed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production system. The effect of time intervals after backwashing on the nitrification performance was also investigated. Volumetric total ammonia conversion rates (VTR) at which 6, 12, 18 and 24 st hours following backwash were calculated as 36.7±3 g/m 3 , 62.8±4 g/m 3 , 58.8±2 g/m 3 and 45.3±3 g/m 3 respectively (P<0.05). Statistical analysis indicated that the elapsed time after backwashing had significant effect on the nitrification performance of the biofilter (P<0.05). In the study, while the biofilter worked with the best performance in the period between 12 and 18 hours following backwash, its performance was low in the 6 and 24 hours period.
Abstract Ammonia tolerance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g) wa... more Abstract Ammonia tolerance of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles (1.1 ± 0.3 g) was investigated by a series of acute toxicity experiments at different salinity levels (10, 20 and 30 ppt) at pH 8.0 and temperature 22 °C. Oxygen consumption rates were also measured to determine the Standard Metabolism (SM) of the fish. The tolerance of the fish to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and unionized ammonia (NH3) increased significantly with increasing salinity levels. The safe level for European sea bass was estimated to be 0.4, 1.0 and 1.6 mg L−1 for TAN and 0.02, 0.04 and 0.07 mg L−1 for NH3 at 10, 20 and 30 ppt salinity levels, respectively. At any, each level, the SM of the fish increased with increasing TAN concentration (P
In the current study, we report the thermal tolerance, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and preferre... more In the current study, we report the thermal tolerance, standard metabolic rate (SMR) and preferred temperature of juvenile European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) (1.2 ± 0.4 g) acclimated at 15, 20, 25 and 30 °C for 30 days. Dynamic and static thermal tolerance zones of juvenile European sea bass are 861 °C2 and 613 °C2, respectively. The European sea bass is a fish species with low thermal resistance, with a resistance zone area of 162.5 °C2. The SMR of the fish species at the above acclimation temperatures are 184, 255, 382 and 459 mg O2 h-1 kg-1, respectively and are significantly different (P < 0.001, n = 10). The fact that SMR increases with rising temperatures and gradually decreases after 25 °C indicates that the preferred temperature ranges of juvenile European sea bass are between 25 and 30 °C. Our study shows that European sea bass has a low acclimatization capacity to survive in aquatic systems characterized by wide temperature fluctuations.
Sea bream, Sparus aurata, is one of the most important fish species that is commonly cultured in ... more Sea bream, Sparus aurata, is one of the most important fish species that is commonly cultured in the Mediterranean and the eastern coasts of the Atlantic Ocean. The life cycle of sea bream in its natural habitat passes through hyposaline and hypersaline lagoons. It is important to determine the tolerance of the fish to nitrogenous compounds for aquaculture at maximum stocking densities. In the present study, a series of acute experiments were performed to evaluate the effect of salinity on ammonia and nitrite toxicity to sea bream. The fish were exposed to different ammonia and nitrite concentrations according to the static renewal methodology at three different salinities (10, 20, and 30 ppt) and at a temperature of 20 C and a pH of 8.2. The toxic effect of total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2-N) decreased with increasing salinity levels (P < 0.001). Acute toxicity (96-h lethal concentration 50 [LC50]) values of TAN were determined to be 5.93, 11.72, and 19.38 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. The 96-h LC50 values of NO2-N were determined to be 370.80, 619.47, and 806.33 mg/L at 10, 20, and 30 ppt salinity, respectively. Results indicate that sea bream is less tolerant to ammonia but more tolerant to nitrite compared with some other fish species.
The present study reports the temperature tolerance, estimated using dynamic and static methodolo... more The present study reports the temperature tolerance, estimated using dynamic and static methodologies, and preferred temperature range, based on oxygen consumption rate (OCR), of juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius) (Asso, 1801) (3.4±0.9g) after 30 days of acclimation at 18, 22, 26 and 30°C. Meagre has dynamic and static thermal tolerance zones of 551°C(2) and 460°C(2), respectively and is a low resistance fish species, with a resistance zone area of 87°C(2). The OCR of juvenile meagre at the above acclimation temperatures was 370, 410, 618 and 642mgh(-1)kg(-)(1), respectively, and is significantly different (P<0.0001, n=20). The fact that OCR increases by rising temperatures and gradually decreases after 26°C indicates that the preferred temperature range of juvenile meagre is between 26 and 30°C. Our study suggests that meagre is unable to respond to low and high temperature variation in aquaculture facilities or its natural habitats.
Argyrosomus regius (3.0 ± 0.9 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia in a series ... more Argyrosomus regius (3.0 ± 0.9 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia in a series of acute toxicity tests by the static renewal method at three temperature levels (18, 22 and 26°C) at a pH of 8.2. Low temperature clearly increased the tolerance of the fish to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and unionized ammonia (NH3) (P < 0.05). While the 96-h LC50 values of TAN were 19.79, 10.39 and 5.06 mg L−1, the 96-h LC50 of NH3 were 1.00, 0.70 and 0.44 mg L−1 at 18, 22 and 26°C respectively. The safe levels of NH3 for A. regius was estimated to be 0.10, 0.07 and 0.04 mg L−1 at 18, 22 and 26°C respectively (P < 0.05). This study clearly indicates that A. regius is more sensitive to ammonia than other marine fish species cultured on the Mediterranean and Eastern Atlantic coasts.
Palaemon serratus juveniles (0.18 ± 0.06 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia i... more Palaemon serratus juveniles (0.18 ± 0.06 g) were exposed to different concentrations of ammonia in a series of acute toxicity tests by the static renewal method at four salinity levels (10, 20, 30, and 40 ppt) at 29 C and at a pH of 8.0. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was also measured. The mortality rate increased with increasing concentrations of ammonia and longer exposure times. High salinity levels clearly increased the tolerance of shrimp to total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) and unionized ammonia (NH3) (P < 0.05). The safe level for P. serratus was estimated to be 2.1, 3.5, 3.8, and 8.5 mg/L for TAN and 0.13, 0.21, 0.24, and 0.53 mg/L for NH3 at 10, 20, 30, and 40 ppt salinity levels, respectively. OCR of P. serratus increased with increasing salinity and TAN concentrations. This study clearly indicated that there is a relationship between an increment in salinity or TAN and the OCR of P. serratus juveniles (P < 0.05).
Abstract: In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter med... more Abstract: In the study, nitrification performance of a submerged biofilter with zeolit filter media (1.5 m3) was determined in the closed seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) production system. The effect of time intervals after backwashing on the nitrification performance was also ...
... Díaz-Herrera F., Sierra-Uribe E., Buckle-Ramírez LF &amp;amp; Garrido-Mora A. (1998) Crit... more ... Díaz-Herrera F., Sierra-Uribe E., Buckle-Ramírez LF &amp;amp; Garrido-Mora A. (1998) Critical thermal maxima and minima of Macrobrachium ... CrossRef. Manush SM, Pal AK, Chatterje N., Das T. &amp;amp; Mukherjee SC (2004) Thermal tolerance and oxygen consumption of Macrobrachium ...
Critical thermal minima (CTmin) and lower incipient lethal temperature (LILT) were determined for... more Critical thermal minima (CTmin) and lower incipient lethal temperature (LILT) were determined for Penaeus semisulcatus juveniles at combinations of four acclimation temperatures (18, 22, 26 and 30 °C) and four salinity levels (20, 25, 30 and 35 ppt). While the CTmin and LILT of shrimps were not affected significantly by salinity (P>0.05), a direct relationship was determined between the thermal minima values (CTmin, LILT) and the acclimation temperature (P<0.05). The acclimation response ratio for the juveniles of P. semisulcatus had an interval of 0.18–0.32 in the current study.
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