Mapan-journal of Metrology Society of India, May 17, 2021
The pixel counting technique (PCT) has recently emerged as a promising method for the measurement... more The pixel counting technique (PCT) has recently emerged as a promising method for the measurement of the dimensions of an object, showing significance in the applications like monitoring the traffic on roads, measuring the dimension of a biological sample, and many more. Therefore, measuring the accuracy of PCT is the topic of current research. The focus of our study is to evaluate the percentage error in the measurement of length, distance, and angle using PCT. The calculated maximum percentage errors in the length, distance, and angle measurements are 1.3%, 1.01%, and 3.9%, with maximum uncertainty due to repeatability of 0.4%, 0.29%, and 0.88%, respectively. The study outcomes conclude that the object visibility and illumination parameters play a significant role in estimating the uncertainty in the PCT-based object dimension calculations, especially angular measurements. This study will be beneficial for estimating the accuracy of PCT.
Mapan-journal of Metrology Society of India, Mar 1, 2010
This report describes the details of a recently upgraded spectral irradiance measurement facility... more This report describes the details of a recently upgraded spectral irradiance measurement facility in optical radiation standards at National Physical Laboratory, India. This facility provides the calibration of spectral irradiance in the wavelength range 280 nm – 2500 nm. PTB, Braunschweig, Germany calibrated five numbers of 1000 W quartz halogen lamps, which are used as reference standards for spectral irradiance
The standing wave effect in positive photoresist has been found to be drastically reduced by usin... more The standing wave effect in positive photoresist has been found to be drastically reduced by using a thin coating of silicon nitride between the resist and the silicon dioxide film deposited on silicon substrate. The process modeling has been carried out by adopting a method which is a natural extension of ANKAN, a computer program written for the exposure and development of a positive photoresist. The actual calculations have been performed for a line image exposure of AZ1350 photoresist by using the matrix formulation and diffraction limited system. The simulation allows the computation of resist profiles under a variety of experimental conditions. The analysis may be useful for a better linewidth control.
Organic acids are important constituents of fruit juices. They render tartness, flavour and speci... more Organic acids are important constituents of fruit juices. They render tartness, flavour and specific taste to fruit juices. Shelf life and stability of fruit juices are important factors, which determine their nutritional quality and freshness. In this view, the effect of storage on the concentration of organic acids in commercially packed fruit juices is studied by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Ten packed fruit juices from two different brands are stored at 30°C for 24, 48 and 72 hours. A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is used to determine the concentration of oxalic, tartaric, malic, ascorbic and citric acid in the fruit juices during storage. The chromatographic analysis of organic acids is carried out using mobile phase 0.5% (w/v) ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 2.8) on C18 column with UV-Vis detector. The results show that the concentration of organic acids generally decreases in juices under study wi...
OSA High-brightness Sources and Light-driven Interactions Congress 2020 (EUVXRAY, HILAS, MICS), 2020
With an aim to circumvent intrinsic material bottleneck limitations of all optical switching this... more With an aim to circumvent intrinsic material bottleneck limitations of all optical switching this work presents a detailed experimental investigation of morphology directed photoinduced intermolecular interactions between an organic fluorophore and four distinct gold nanoshapes.
Nimustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea derivative (CENU), is an antineoplastic agent, which is used... more Nimustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea derivative (CENU), is an antineoplastic agent, which is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. The present study focuses on the prediction and investigation of binding properties of nimustine with DNA using molecular modeling and UV–Visible spectroscopic technique. The docking study show that nimustine plausibly binds within the major groove of DNA. Further analysis of docking suggests direct interaction of nimustine with the moieties of heterocyclic nitrogenous bases of DNA. The free binding energy value of the best nimustine-DNA docked conformer is predicted as −4.31 kcal/mol using docking results.The molecular modeling study also reveals that the interaction between nimustine and DNA is majorly governed by van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, whereas the contribution of electrostatic forces stands negligible. Further, UV–Visible spectra of free calf thymus DNA and its complexes with varying concentration of nimustine indicate the binding constant (Ka) value as 3.27 × 103 M−1, which suggests moderate interaction of nimustine with DNA. The spectroscopic results are further used to calculate the binding free energy of the complex using the relation ΔG = −RTln (Ka). This accounts for a value of −4.79 kcal/mol. It corroborates well with the docking outcomes. The results of present study may help in designing and synthesis of new chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives with improved efficacy and specificity for the target molecules.
Molecular docking is a kind of computational modeling of the complexes, which is formed from the ... more Molecular docking is a kind of computational modeling of the complexes, which is formed from the interaction of two or more molecules. It predicts the three-dimensional structure of adducts, based upon binding properties of participating ligand and target molecules. Molecular docking generates different possible candidate structures, which are ranked and grouped together using scoring function in the software of molecular docking tool. Docking simulations predict optimized docked conformer based upon total energy of the system. Various computational aspects of molecular docking with respect to its approaches and types are presented in this article.
Mapan-journal of Metrology Society of India, May 17, 2021
The pixel counting technique (PCT) has recently emerged as a promising method for the measurement... more The pixel counting technique (PCT) has recently emerged as a promising method for the measurement of the dimensions of an object, showing significance in the applications like monitoring the traffic on roads, measuring the dimension of a biological sample, and many more. Therefore, measuring the accuracy of PCT is the topic of current research. The focus of our study is to evaluate the percentage error in the measurement of length, distance, and angle using PCT. The calculated maximum percentage errors in the length, distance, and angle measurements are 1.3%, 1.01%, and 3.9%, with maximum uncertainty due to repeatability of 0.4%, 0.29%, and 0.88%, respectively. The study outcomes conclude that the object visibility and illumination parameters play a significant role in estimating the uncertainty in the PCT-based object dimension calculations, especially angular measurements. This study will be beneficial for estimating the accuracy of PCT.
Mapan-journal of Metrology Society of India, Mar 1, 2010
This report describes the details of a recently upgraded spectral irradiance measurement facility... more This report describes the details of a recently upgraded spectral irradiance measurement facility in optical radiation standards at National Physical Laboratory, India. This facility provides the calibration of spectral irradiance in the wavelength range 280 nm – 2500 nm. PTB, Braunschweig, Germany calibrated five numbers of 1000 W quartz halogen lamps, which are used as reference standards for spectral irradiance
The standing wave effect in positive photoresist has been found to be drastically reduced by usin... more The standing wave effect in positive photoresist has been found to be drastically reduced by using a thin coating of silicon nitride between the resist and the silicon dioxide film deposited on silicon substrate. The process modeling has been carried out by adopting a method which is a natural extension of ANKAN, a computer program written for the exposure and development of a positive photoresist. The actual calculations have been performed for a line image exposure of AZ1350 photoresist by using the matrix formulation and diffraction limited system. The simulation allows the computation of resist profiles under a variety of experimental conditions. The analysis may be useful for a better linewidth control.
Organic acids are important constituents of fruit juices. They render tartness, flavour and speci... more Organic acids are important constituents of fruit juices. They render tartness, flavour and specific taste to fruit juices. Shelf life and stability of fruit juices are important factors, which determine their nutritional quality and freshness. In this view, the effect of storage on the concentration of organic acids in commercially packed fruit juices is studied by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC). Ten packed fruit juices from two different brands are stored at 30°C for 24, 48 and 72 hours. A reverse phase high performance liquid chromatographic method is used to determine the concentration of oxalic, tartaric, malic, ascorbic and citric acid in the fruit juices during storage. The chromatographic analysis of organic acids is carried out using mobile phase 0.5% (w/v) ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 2.8) on C18 column with UV-Vis detector. The results show that the concentration of organic acids generally decreases in juices under study wi...
OSA High-brightness Sources and Light-driven Interactions Congress 2020 (EUVXRAY, HILAS, MICS), 2020
With an aim to circumvent intrinsic material bottleneck limitations of all optical switching this... more With an aim to circumvent intrinsic material bottleneck limitations of all optical switching this work presents a detailed experimental investigation of morphology directed photoinduced intermolecular interactions between an organic fluorophore and four distinct gold nanoshapes.
Nimustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea derivative (CENU), is an antineoplastic agent, which is used... more Nimustine, a chloroethyl nitrosourea derivative (CENU), is an antineoplastic agent, which is used for the treatment of various types of cancer. The present study focuses on the prediction and investigation of binding properties of nimustine with DNA using molecular modeling and UV–Visible spectroscopic technique. The docking study show that nimustine plausibly binds within the major groove of DNA. Further analysis of docking suggests direct interaction of nimustine with the moieties of heterocyclic nitrogenous bases of DNA. The free binding energy value of the best nimustine-DNA docked conformer is predicted as −4.31 kcal/mol using docking results.The molecular modeling study also reveals that the interaction between nimustine and DNA is majorly governed by van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, whereas the contribution of electrostatic forces stands negligible. Further, UV–Visible spectra of free calf thymus DNA and its complexes with varying concentration of nimustine indicate the binding constant (Ka) value as 3.27 × 103 M−1, which suggests moderate interaction of nimustine with DNA. The spectroscopic results are further used to calculate the binding free energy of the complex using the relation ΔG = −RTln (Ka). This accounts for a value of −4.79 kcal/mol. It corroborates well with the docking outcomes. The results of present study may help in designing and synthesis of new chloroethyl nitrosourea derivatives with improved efficacy and specificity for the target molecules.
Molecular docking is a kind of computational modeling of the complexes, which is formed from the ... more Molecular docking is a kind of computational modeling of the complexes, which is formed from the interaction of two or more molecules. It predicts the three-dimensional structure of adducts, based upon binding properties of participating ligand and target molecules. Molecular docking generates different possible candidate structures, which are ranked and grouped together using scoring function in the software of molecular docking tool. Docking simulations predict optimized docked conformer based upon total energy of the system. Various computational aspects of molecular docking with respect to its approaches and types are presented in this article.
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