Two rhesus monkeys were tested for octave generalization in 8 experiments by transposing 6- and 7... more Two rhesus monkeys were tested for octave generalization in 8 experiments by transposing 6- and 7-note musical passages by an octave and requiring same or different judgments. The monkeys showed no octave generalization to random-synthetic melodies, atonal melodies, or individual notes. They did show complete octave generalization to childhood songs (e.g., "Happy Birthday") and tonal melodies (from a tonality algorithm). Octave generalization was equally strong for 2-octave transpositions but not for 0.5- or 1.5-octave transpositions of childhood songs. These results combine to show that tonal melodies form musical gestalts for monkeys, as they do for humans, and retain their identity when transposed with whole octaves so that chroma (key) is preserved. This conclusion implicates similar transduction, storage, processing, and relational memory of musical passages in monkeys and humans and has implications for nature-nurture origins of music perception.
Public attitude toward animal subjects in research is clearly negative. Devenport and Devenport (... more Public attitude toward animal subjects in research is clearly negative. Devenport and Devenport (1990) point out that, while most negative publicity relates to invasive research, the public also believes that laboratory animal facilities are inhumane, with poor socialization and cruel ...
... Robert G. Cook was offered authorship on this article but graciously declined. Reprint reques... more ... Robert G. Cook was offered authorship on this article but graciously declined. Reprint requests should be addressed to Anthony A. Wright. ... On the left side, 47 em from the floor and 46.4 ern from the center-speaker wall was a Tang orange-drink spout. ...
In the author's experience, a bond--whether intentional or not--is often establis... more In the author's experience, a bond--whether intentional or not--is often established between humans and animal research subjects. Behavioral theorists suggest that human-animal relationships can take several different forms. The author discusses several occasions in which she perceived one type of relationship with a research animal and was later surprised when the animal's behavior suggested that the bond was actually of a different nature. In the author's opinion, laboratory staff should be aware of the potential of bonding and should work to ensure that the desired human-animal relationships are developed. This may enhance the well-being of animals and staff and improve research efficacy.
The present study investigated spatial memory in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) through the use... more The present study investigated spatial memory in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) through the use of a radial arm maze. The study consisted of a total of three separate experiments. In the first two experiments, the ability of the dogs to successfully remember previously unentered arms was evaluated. The third experiment was similar to the first two, but also examined the nature of the serial position effect. Performance in all three experiments was better than expected solely by random choices. Dogs showed a much better memory for spatial locations presented earlier in a spatial list compared with those presented in the middle. Based on the present results, we suggest that the radial arm maze assesses canine spatial memory and that dogs show a primacy effect.
Two rhesus monkeys were tested for octave generalization in 8 experiments by transposing 6- and 7... more Two rhesus monkeys were tested for octave generalization in 8 experiments by transposing 6- and 7-note musical passages by an octave and requiring same or different judgments. The monkeys showed no octave generalization to random-synthetic melodies, atonal melodies, or individual notes. They did show complete octave generalization to childhood songs (e.g., "Happy Birthday") and tonal melodies (from a tonality algorithm). Octave generalization was equally strong for 2-octave transpositions but not for 0.5- or 1.5-octave transpositions of childhood songs. These results combine to show that tonal melodies form musical gestalts for monkeys, as they do for humans, and retain their identity when transposed with whole octaves so that chroma (key) is preserved. This conclusion implicates similar transduction, storage, processing, and relational memory of musical passages in monkeys and humans and has implications for nature-nurture origins of music perception.
Public attitude toward animal subjects in research is clearly negative. Devenport and Devenport (... more Public attitude toward animal subjects in research is clearly negative. Devenport and Devenport (1990) point out that, while most negative publicity relates to invasive research, the public also believes that laboratory animal facilities are inhumane, with poor socialization and cruel ...
... Robert G. Cook was offered authorship on this article but graciously declined. Reprint reques... more ... Robert G. Cook was offered authorship on this article but graciously declined. Reprint requests should be addressed to Anthony A. Wright. ... On the left side, 47 em from the floor and 46.4 ern from the center-speaker wall was a Tang orange-drink spout. ...
In the author's experience, a bond--whether intentional or not--is often establis... more In the author's experience, a bond--whether intentional or not--is often established between humans and animal research subjects. Behavioral theorists suggest that human-animal relationships can take several different forms. The author discusses several occasions in which she perceived one type of relationship with a research animal and was later surprised when the animal's behavior suggested that the bond was actually of a different nature. In the author's opinion, laboratory staff should be aware of the potential of bonding and should work to ensure that the desired human-animal relationships are developed. This may enhance the well-being of animals and staff and improve research efficacy.
The present study investigated spatial memory in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) through the use... more The present study investigated spatial memory in domestic dogs (Canis familiaris) through the use of a radial arm maze. The study consisted of a total of three separate experiments. In the first two experiments, the ability of the dogs to successfully remember previously unentered arms was evaluated. The third experiment was similar to the first two, but also examined the nature of the serial position effect. Performance in all three experiments was better than expected solely by random choices. Dogs showed a much better memory for spatial locations presented earlier in a spatial list compared with those presented in the middle. Based on the present results, we suggest that the radial arm maze assesses canine spatial memory and that dogs show a primacy effect.
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