This (1998) book is a self-contained international trade theory and policy text. It is intended f... more This (1998) book is a self-contained international trade theory and policy text. It is intended for a one-semester course in international trade for undergraduate students with intermediate microeconomics prerequisite. Graduates can use the text as background reading in the basic theory. The text contains three parts. Part 1 focuses on the development of the positive theory of trade - it seeks to answer the question of what determines the basis and pattern of trade between countries. Part 2 is focused on international trade policy. Part 3 is concerned with topics of regional and multilateral trade liberalization.
This reference material is a compilation of work associated with tracking and analyzing regional ... more This reference material is a compilation of work associated with tracking and analyzing regional trade flows and regionalism processes.
This study tests the hypothesis that competition policy positively impacts a country’s production... more This study tests the hypothesis that competition policy positively impacts a country’s production and export competitiveness. The results show that competition policy has a significantly positive impact on manufacturing production. The results also show that exports for both total manufacturing and food manufacturing are positively related to competition policy.
International Political Economy: Trade Policy eJournal, 2020
In 2019 and the early months of 2020, global trade faced two major albeit very different shocks, ... more In 2019 and the early months of 2020, global trade faced two major albeit very different shocks, namely the United States-China trade war and the cascading response of the countries around the world to the COVID-19 pandemic. While the former situation involved a pair of centrally-placed trading partners introducing tariffs and retaliatory measures across a broad swathe of tradeables that made a global trade environment highly unpredictable, the latter has seen entire production networks and supply value chains debilitated and transactions across the borders halted. This paper examines the trade impacts of these two external shocks from the perspective of the healthcare sector. The paper also analyses likely impacts of the trade tensions on the healthcare sector and the economy at large through secondary impacts on, for example, adoption rates of key technologies. We find that the trade war has led to an increase in tariffs that face several upstream inputs, such as active pharmaceut...
The present document is based on the forthcoming Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2013 (h... more The present document is based on the forthcoming Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2013 (henceforth the Report), which is the main substantive document prepared for the third session of the Committee on Trade and Investment. The Report comprises two parts. In the first part, there is a focus on trends and developments in trade in merchandise and commercial services, foreign direct investment flows, performance in trade facilitation, and reliance on preferential policies and trade agreements from an Asia-Pacific perspective. The second part of the Report contains an analysis of various issues related to enhancing the contribution of trade and investment to inclusive development and thus ensuring job creation, poverty reduction and economic engagement of marginalized groups, including women. The drafting of the Report was heavily influenced by the central tenets of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, “The future we want”, namely the promotio...
The Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report is an annual publication prepared by staff of the Tr... more The Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report is an annual publication prepared by staff of the Trade and Investment Division as a full in-house publication. The Report replaces the Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Review with its first issue in 2009. The theme of APTIR 2009 is: "trade-led recovery and beyond". This issue analyses the impact of the global economic crisis on trade and investment flows in and to the region and implications for trade policy. It provides a conceptual framework for trade policy which should contribute to achieving inclusive and sustainable development. It makes a case for the multilateral trading system as the prime international trade governance system and gives an overview of the latest developments in the Doha Round. This issue of the Report also calls for an expansion of intraregional trade and deeper regional integration for that purpose and discusses the role of regional trade agreements in that regard. The Report also emphasizes the role...
The construction of trade in value-added statistics is an important milestone for services resear... more The construction of trade in value-added statistics is an important milestone for services research because it has unveiled the actual importance of services in trade and global value chains activities. Taking into account services inputs in manufacturing exports, export share of services has increased from 23 per cent to 45 per cent (OECD and WTO, 2013).
In this chapter we briefly survey the attempts at economic integration since the Second World War... more In this chapter we briefly survey the attempts at economic integration since the Second World War. While a fairly large building could be filled with the titles on the various economic integrations in this period our main purpose is to provide some basic information about some (more viable) economic integrations keeping in mind that our central interest lies in trade patterns. More comprehensive and issue-based discussions on most of the integrations mentioned in this chapter are available in the publications edited by Anderson and Blackhurst (1993) and de Melo and Panagariya (1993).
There are two main strands of measurement in the area of protection that we should discuss. One i... more There are two main strands of measurement in the area of protection that we should discuss. One is concerned with the extent of protection provided to a product or an industry. To understand the issue of the extent of protection better we conceptually differentiate between nominal and effective protection. While the nominal rate of protection is concerned with a single product or industry, the effective rate estimates the level of protection of a single product or industry but taking into account the nominal protection of the activities delivering inputs to the industry concerned. We know from our simple analysis of tariffs that a protection of one industry usually means a ‘dis-protection’ of others. This happens through (instantaneous and costless) reallocation of resources: factors of production leave other activities and move to the sheltered one. The effects of one industry’s protection on all activities of an economy can be estimated by general equilibrium analysis. Such a measure is known as the true protection.
This (1998) book is a self-contained international trade theory and policy text. It is intended f... more This (1998) book is a self-contained international trade theory and policy text. It is intended for a one-semester course in international trade for undergraduate students with intermediate microeconomics prerequisite. Graduates can use the text as background reading in the basic theory. The text contains three parts. Part 1 focuses on the development of the positive theory of trade - it seeks to answer the question of what determines the basis and pattern of trade between countries. Part 2 is focused on international trade policy. Part 3 is concerned with topics of regional and multilateral trade liberalization.
This reference material is a compilation of work associated with tracking and analyzing regional ... more This reference material is a compilation of work associated with tracking and analyzing regional trade flows and regionalism processes.
This study tests the hypothesis that competition policy positively impacts a country’s production... more This study tests the hypothesis that competition policy positively impacts a country’s production and export competitiveness. The results show that competition policy has a significantly positive impact on manufacturing production. The results also show that exports for both total manufacturing and food manufacturing are positively related to competition policy.
International Political Economy: Trade Policy eJournal, 2020
In 2019 and the early months of 2020, global trade faced two major albeit very different shocks, ... more In 2019 and the early months of 2020, global trade faced two major albeit very different shocks, namely the United States-China trade war and the cascading response of the countries around the world to the COVID-19 pandemic. While the former situation involved a pair of centrally-placed trading partners introducing tariffs and retaliatory measures across a broad swathe of tradeables that made a global trade environment highly unpredictable, the latter has seen entire production networks and supply value chains debilitated and transactions across the borders halted. This paper examines the trade impacts of these two external shocks from the perspective of the healthcare sector. The paper also analyses likely impacts of the trade tensions on the healthcare sector and the economy at large through secondary impacts on, for example, adoption rates of key technologies. We find that the trade war has led to an increase in tariffs that face several upstream inputs, such as active pharmaceut...
The present document is based on the forthcoming Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2013 (h... more The present document is based on the forthcoming Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report 2013 (henceforth the Report), which is the main substantive document prepared for the third session of the Committee on Trade and Investment. The Report comprises two parts. In the first part, there is a focus on trends and developments in trade in merchandise and commercial services, foreign direct investment flows, performance in trade facilitation, and reliance on preferential policies and trade agreements from an Asia-Pacific perspective. The second part of the Report contains an analysis of various issues related to enhancing the contribution of trade and investment to inclusive development and thus ensuring job creation, poverty reduction and economic engagement of marginalized groups, including women. The drafting of the Report was heavily influenced by the central tenets of the outcome of the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, “The future we want”, namely the promotio...
The Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report is an annual publication prepared by staff of the Tr... more The Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Report is an annual publication prepared by staff of the Trade and Investment Division as a full in-house publication. The Report replaces the Asia-Pacific Trade and Investment Review with its first issue in 2009. The theme of APTIR 2009 is: "trade-led recovery and beyond". This issue analyses the impact of the global economic crisis on trade and investment flows in and to the region and implications for trade policy. It provides a conceptual framework for trade policy which should contribute to achieving inclusive and sustainable development. It makes a case for the multilateral trading system as the prime international trade governance system and gives an overview of the latest developments in the Doha Round. This issue of the Report also calls for an expansion of intraregional trade and deeper regional integration for that purpose and discusses the role of regional trade agreements in that regard. The Report also emphasizes the role...
The construction of trade in value-added statistics is an important milestone for services resear... more The construction of trade in value-added statistics is an important milestone for services research because it has unveiled the actual importance of services in trade and global value chains activities. Taking into account services inputs in manufacturing exports, export share of services has increased from 23 per cent to 45 per cent (OECD and WTO, 2013).
In this chapter we briefly survey the attempts at economic integration since the Second World War... more In this chapter we briefly survey the attempts at economic integration since the Second World War. While a fairly large building could be filled with the titles on the various economic integrations in this period our main purpose is to provide some basic information about some (more viable) economic integrations keeping in mind that our central interest lies in trade patterns. More comprehensive and issue-based discussions on most of the integrations mentioned in this chapter are available in the publications edited by Anderson and Blackhurst (1993) and de Melo and Panagariya (1993).
There are two main strands of measurement in the area of protection that we should discuss. One i... more There are two main strands of measurement in the area of protection that we should discuss. One is concerned with the extent of protection provided to a product or an industry. To understand the issue of the extent of protection better we conceptually differentiate between nominal and effective protection. While the nominal rate of protection is concerned with a single product or industry, the effective rate estimates the level of protection of a single product or industry but taking into account the nominal protection of the activities delivering inputs to the industry concerned. We know from our simple analysis of tariffs that a protection of one industry usually means a ‘dis-protection’ of others. This happens through (instantaneous and costless) reallocation of resources: factors of production leave other activities and move to the sheltered one. The effects of one industry’s protection on all activities of an economy can be estimated by general equilibrium analysis. Such a measure is known as the true protection.
This monograph explores the challenges faced in implementing the Bali package by LDCs in WTO. It ... more This monograph explores the challenges faced in implementing the Bali package by LDCs in WTO. It provides an analysis of the key decisions, and identifies opportunities and, in certain cases, outlines strategies for assessing the impacts. The important aspects of this publication relate to policy advisory with regard to the preparedness of LDCs as a group for successful negotiations at WTO. At the same time, given the high trade costs facing the LDCs, the study rightly suggests that they must capitalize on the successful implementation of the Trade Facilitation Agreement. Moreover, the study identifies the gaps in LDC capacities, and articulates the needs in terms of national and regional policies as well as capacity-building programmes for helping them to implement the Ministerial decisions in favour of the LDCs. The study also draws attention to what should be done towards achieving the finalization of the Doha Development Agenda Work Programme and the ongoing WTO negotiations.
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undergraduate students with intermediate microeconomics prerequisite.
Graduates can use the text as background reading in the basic theory.
The text contains three parts. Part 1 focuses on the development of the
positive theory of trade - it seeks to answer the question of what
determines the basis and pattern of trade between countries. Part 2 is
focused on international trade policy. Part 3 is concerned with topics of
regional and multilateral trade liberalization.
undergraduate students with intermediate microeconomics prerequisite.
Graduates can use the text as background reading in the basic theory.
The text contains three parts. Part 1 focuses on the development of the
positive theory of trade - it seeks to answer the question of what
determines the basis and pattern of trade between countries. Part 2 is
focused on international trade policy. Part 3 is concerned with topics of
regional and multilateral trade liberalization.