Deep eutectic solvent-like (DES-like) mixtures re-emerged in green chemistry nineteen years ago a... more Deep eutectic solvent-like (DES-like) mixtures re-emerged in green chemistry nineteen years ago and yet have led to a large number of publications covering different research areas and different application industries. DES-like mixtures are considered a special class of green solvents because of their unique properties, such as high solubilization ability, remarkable biocompatibility, low production cost, low volatility, relatively simple synthesis methods, and considerable stability. Several studies have been published that analyze the effect of acidity/alkalinity and water content in DES-like mixtures on their physicochemical properties and behavior. This work summarizes the characterization of green solvents and, subsequently, the influence of various factors on the resulting pH values of green solvent systems. Part of this work describes the influence of water content in DES-like mixtures on their physical and chemical properties. The acidity/alkalinity effect is very important ...
Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvent... more Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvents, such as their ease of preparation and lower cost, and they can be both non-toxic and biodegradable when prepared with natural compounds. Due to their properties, green solvents' application in biomass fractionation has been extensively studied during the past years. The presented work describes the application of several possible combinations to create deep eutectic solvents with the potential to be used in processing different types of biomass. The results of studies suggest that deep eutectic solvents may have an important ability to dissolve lignin molecules from plants and can realize a mild catalytic mechanism (acid-base) that will activate the checked cleavage of non-stable ether linkages between phenylpropane units.
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin ... more Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin can be considered a valuable source of energy and different chemicals. In addition, using different reactive sites on lignin, it is possible to prepare different value-added products, such as resins, polyurethanes, and many more. Different functional groups are presented on the lignin macromolecule and can be modified via different pathways. Hydroxyl groups are the most promising reactive sites for lignin modifications. Both modified and unmodified lignins could be used for preparing different biomaterials. This paper shows several possible applications of lignin. The main goal of this publication is to show the possible valorization of lignin in different value-added products throughout the actual market prices of non-biobased materials. This review proves that lignin has unquestionable advantages in material technology and can replace different substances which will lead to a higher po...
Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, i... more Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, it should be widely utilised by industries in a variety of applications. However, these applications and possible research seem to be limited or prevented by a variety of factors, mainly the high heterogeneity of lignin. Selective modifications of the structure and of functional groups allow better properties in material applications, whereas the separation of different qualitative lignin groups permits selective application in industry. This review is aimed at modification of the lignin structure, increasing the hydrophobicity of the produced materials, and focusing on several perspective modifications for industrial-scale production of lignin-based polymers, as well as challenges, opportunities, and other important factors to take into consideration.
Recent years of research and development have brought frequently used terms for new types of gree... more Recent years of research and development have brought frequently used terms for new types of green solvents to the lexicon of scientists. This can lead to terminological inaccuracies. In particular, different names are being used for the same types of solvents: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES); Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents; Low-Transition Temperature Mixtures; Low-Melting Mixtures. It would, therefore, be appropriate to eliminate certain inaccuracies and to use simplification, which means using the general term “Low-Temperature Transition Mixtures” or introducing the term “DES-like mixtures”.
The antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of s... more The antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of sea buckthorn juice was analyzed with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) in ethanol, methanol, and acetone extracts. The choice of a suitable solvent system is necessary so as not to skew the results. Undiluted juice of sea buckthorn berries is not suitable for the mentioned analyzes. Sea buckthorn juices were evaporated under vacuum until completely dry and then dissolved in 100% methanol, 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and 50% acetone. The 70% ethanol extract of sea buckthorn juice had an average of 1.3- and 1.6-times greater TPC and TFC values than other extracts, respectively. The 70% ethanol extract of juice contained 29 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dw and 4 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g dw. The results of the antioxidant activity of the extracts determined by EPR spectroscopy had an error rate ~ 2.5 times lower than the UV-VIS analysis. The high...
The performance of accelerated solvent extraction in the analysis of terpenoids and sterols in to... more The performance of accelerated solvent extraction in the analysis of terpenoids and sterols in tobacco samples was investigated and compared with those of Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonically assisted extraction with respect to yield, extraction time, reproducibility and solvent consumption. The results indicate that although the highest yield was achieved by Soxhlet extraction, ASE appears to be a promising alternative to
Sustaining life on the Earth with its ever-growing population is forcing changes in people’s way ... more Sustaining life on the Earth with its ever-growing population is forcing changes in people’s way of life, industrial and agricultural production, exploitation of energy resources, and approaches to ecology. We face continual growth in the world’s population, and the demand for materials is growing even more rapidly. Every manufacturing and consumer sector is looking for ways to save energy and materials, attempting to minimize their negative impacts on the environment. In the pulp and paper industry, one of the segments in which progress can be made and help protect the planet is to reduce the brightness of paper. Such a reduction would lead to a lowering in the energy and material costs associated with paper production.
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin ... more Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin can be considered a valuable source of energy and different chemicals. In addition, using different reactive sites on lignin, it is possible to prepare different value-added products, such as resins, polyurethanes, and many more. Different functional groups are presented on the lignin macromolecule and can be modified via different pathways. Hydroxyl groups are the most promising reactive sites for lignin modifications. Both modified and unmodified lignins could be used for preparing different biomaterials. This paper shows several possible applications of lignin. The main goal of this publication is to show the possible valorization of lignin in different value-added products throughout the actual market prices of non-biobased materials. This review proves that lignin has unquestionable advantages in material technology and can replace different substances which will lead to a higher potential market value of lignins and could create new bio-based materials compared with the actual prices of commercially available materials. Nowadays, it is easier to use lignin as an energy source even though a lot of lignin modifications and conversion processes are still under development and need more time to become more relevant for industrial applications. Information in the presented paper should reveal to the reader the importance and economic benefits of using lignin as a value-added compound in different applications.
Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, i... more Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, it should be widely utilised by industries in a variety of applications. However, these applications and possible research seem to be limited or prevented by a variety of factors, mainly the high heterogeneity of lignin. Selective modifications of the structure and of functional groups allow better properties in material applications, whereas the separation of different qualitative lignin groups permits selective application in industry. This review is aimed at modification of the lignin structure, increasing the hydrophobicity of the produced materials, and focusing on several perspective modifications for industrial-scale production of lignin-based polymers, as well as challenges, opportunities, and other important factors to take into consideration.
The application of LC/MS-TOF method combined with stable isotope dilution assay was studied for d... more The application of LC/MS-TOF method combined with stable isotope dilution assay was studied for determination of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxine in food. Nutritional yeast powder was used as a model food matrix. Acid extraction was compared with various enzymatic treatments in ammonium formate buffer to find a suitable method for the conversion of more complex vitamers into the same forms as the used isotope-labeled internal standards. The enzyme preparations α-amylase, takadiastase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase were all able to liberate thiamine and riboflavin. The diastatic enzyme preparations α-amylase and takadiastase also expressed proteolytic side activities resulting in the formation of small peptides which interfered with the mass spectra of thiamine and riboflavin. Liberation of nicotinamide and pantothenic acid from NAD(+) and CoA, respectively, could not be achieved with any of the studied enzyme preparations. Hydrochloric acid extraction at 121 °C for 30 min was found to be destructive to pantothenic acid, but increased the liberation of pyridoxal.
Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvent... more Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvents, such as their ease of preparation and lower cost, and they can be both non-toxic and biodegradable when prepared with natural compounds. Due to their properties, green solvents' application in biomass fractionation has been extensively studied during the past years. The presented work describes the application of several possible combinations to create deep eutectic solvents with the potential to be used in processing different types of biomass. The results of studies suggest that deep eutectic solvents may have an important ability to dissolve lignin molecules from plants and can realize a mild catalytic mechanism (acid-base) that will activate the checked cleavage of non-stable ether linkages between phenylpropane units.
The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in wa... more The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in water and some organic solvents. Fifteen ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and tested as solvents suitable for delignification of unbleached pulp. The selected ternary DESs are composed of quaternary ammonium salts and amino acids as hydrogen-bond acceptors, and organic acids and polyvalent alcohols as hydrogen bond donors, with molar ratios varying for the individual components. The delignification efficiency is significantly influenced by the degree of penetration of the solvent into the pulp fibre structure. Therefore, the density and viscosity analysis of individual solvents was performed. Unbleached beech pulp with initial kappa number 13.9 was treated with the prepared DESs. The kappa number indicates the residual lignin content or the bleachability of pulp. The efficiency of the solvents ranged from 1.4% to 28.1%. The most suitable for the pretreatment of fibres, b...
The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in wa... more The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in water and some organic solvents. Fifteen ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and tested as solvents suitable for delignification of unbleached pulp. The selected ternary DESs are composed of quaternary ammonium salts and amino acids as hydrogen-bond acceptors, and organic acids and polyvalent alcohols as hydrogen bond donors, with molar ratios varying for the individual components. The delignification efficiency is significantly influenced by the degree of penetration of the solvent into the pulp fibre structure. Therefore, the density and viscosity analysis of individual solvents was performed. Unbleached beech pulp with initial kappa number 13.9 was treated with the prepared DESs. The kappa number indicates the residual lignin content or the bleachability of pulp. The efficiency of the solvents ranged from 1.4% to 28.1%. The most suitable for the pretreatment of fibres, b...
Samples of papers artificially (2 to 60 days) and naturally (10, 45, and 56 years) aged were stud... more Samples of papers artificially (2 to 60 days) and naturally (10, 45, and 56 years) aged were studied by the Py-GC/MS method to identify decomposition products. Possible reaction scenarios for cellulose degradation were developed. One of the degradation products is acetic acid, which can (auto)catalyze the cleavage of cellulose β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds of cellulose polymer chains. However, during 20 s of Py-GC/MS analysis, temperatures of up to 300 °C did not significantly increase or modify the formation of decomposition products of paper components. At 300 °C, the amount of several cellulose decomposition products increased regularly depending on the number of days of artificial aging and natural aging, demonstrated mainly by the generation of 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levoglucosan and its consecutive dehydration products. No correlation between the amount of lignin decomposition products and the time of aging was found when the pyrolysis was performed at 3...
This work focused on the preparation, physical and chemical characterization of water containing ... more This work focused on the preparation, physical and chemical characterization of water containing choline chloride-based solvents with lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol, with different molar ratios. Of the physical and chemical properties, we determined density, viscosity, conductivity, and acidity. The results showed that the properties of the resulting solvent could be adjusted by the appropriate selection of another component. It has been shown that the addition of dihydric alcohol can lead to a significant reduction in viscosity and a slight decrease in density, which significantly affects the possibilities of solvent application.
Acquisition and isolation of value-added substances from natural sources using new types of green... more Acquisition and isolation of value-added substances from natural sources using new types of green solvents are becoming a breakthrough area of 21st century research. In combination with various extraction techniques, there is expected to be a diversification of the use of these solvents for extraction, separation, and the formation of new drug carriers, allowing increased solubility of substances having potential pharmacological properties. Extraction, separation, or increase in the solubility of suitable drug candidates against COVID-19, or other viral diseases, opens new ways to effectively prevent and protect human health in this pandemic period.
Deep eutectic solvent-like (DES-like) mixtures re-emerged in green chemistry nineteen years ago a... more Deep eutectic solvent-like (DES-like) mixtures re-emerged in green chemistry nineteen years ago and yet have led to a large number of publications covering different research areas and different application industries. DES-like mixtures are considered a special class of green solvents because of their unique properties, such as high solubilization ability, remarkable biocompatibility, low production cost, low volatility, relatively simple synthesis methods, and considerable stability. Several studies have been published that analyze the effect of acidity/alkalinity and water content in DES-like mixtures on their physicochemical properties and behavior. This work summarizes the characterization of green solvents and, subsequently, the influence of various factors on the resulting pH values of green solvent systems. Part of this work describes the influence of water content in DES-like mixtures on their physical and chemical properties. The acidity/alkalinity effect is very important ...
Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvent... more Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvents, such as their ease of preparation and lower cost, and they can be both non-toxic and biodegradable when prepared with natural compounds. Due to their properties, green solvents' application in biomass fractionation has been extensively studied during the past years. The presented work describes the application of several possible combinations to create deep eutectic solvents with the potential to be used in processing different types of biomass. The results of studies suggest that deep eutectic solvents may have an important ability to dissolve lignin molecules from plants and can realize a mild catalytic mechanism (acid-base) that will activate the checked cleavage of non-stable ether linkages between phenylpropane units.
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin ... more Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin can be considered a valuable source of energy and different chemicals. In addition, using different reactive sites on lignin, it is possible to prepare different value-added products, such as resins, polyurethanes, and many more. Different functional groups are presented on the lignin macromolecule and can be modified via different pathways. Hydroxyl groups are the most promising reactive sites for lignin modifications. Both modified and unmodified lignins could be used for preparing different biomaterials. This paper shows several possible applications of lignin. The main goal of this publication is to show the possible valorization of lignin in different value-added products throughout the actual market prices of non-biobased materials. This review proves that lignin has unquestionable advantages in material technology and can replace different substances which will lead to a higher po...
Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, i... more Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, it should be widely utilised by industries in a variety of applications. However, these applications and possible research seem to be limited or prevented by a variety of factors, mainly the high heterogeneity of lignin. Selective modifications of the structure and of functional groups allow better properties in material applications, whereas the separation of different qualitative lignin groups permits selective application in industry. This review is aimed at modification of the lignin structure, increasing the hydrophobicity of the produced materials, and focusing on several perspective modifications for industrial-scale production of lignin-based polymers, as well as challenges, opportunities, and other important factors to take into consideration.
Recent years of research and development have brought frequently used terms for new types of gree... more Recent years of research and development have brought frequently used terms for new types of green solvents to the lexicon of scientists. This can lead to terminological inaccuracies. In particular, different names are being used for the same types of solvents: Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES); Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents; Low-Transition Temperature Mixtures; Low-Melting Mixtures. It would, therefore, be appropriate to eliminate certain inaccuracies and to use simplification, which means using the general term “Low-Temperature Transition Mixtures” or introducing the term “DES-like mixtures”.
The antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of s... more The antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content (TPC), and total flavonoids content (TFC) of sea buckthorn juice was analyzed with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) in ethanol, methanol, and acetone extracts. The choice of a suitable solvent system is necessary so as not to skew the results. Undiluted juice of sea buckthorn berries is not suitable for the mentioned analyzes. Sea buckthorn juices were evaporated under vacuum until completely dry and then dissolved in 100% methanol, 96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, and 50% acetone. The 70% ethanol extract of sea buckthorn juice had an average of 1.3- and 1.6-times greater TPC and TFC values than other extracts, respectively. The 70% ethanol extract of juice contained 29 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g dw and 4 mg catechin equivalents (CE)/g dw. The results of the antioxidant activity of the extracts determined by EPR spectroscopy had an error rate ~ 2.5 times lower than the UV-VIS analysis. The high...
The performance of accelerated solvent extraction in the analysis of terpenoids and sterols in to... more The performance of accelerated solvent extraction in the analysis of terpenoids and sterols in tobacco samples was investigated and compared with those of Soxhlet extraction and ultrasonically assisted extraction with respect to yield, extraction time, reproducibility and solvent consumption. The results indicate that although the highest yield was achieved by Soxhlet extraction, ASE appears to be a promising alternative to
Sustaining life on the Earth with its ever-growing population is forcing changes in people’s way ... more Sustaining life on the Earth with its ever-growing population is forcing changes in people’s way of life, industrial and agricultural production, exploitation of energy resources, and approaches to ecology. We face continual growth in the world’s population, and the demand for materials is growing even more rapidly. Every manufacturing and consumer sector is looking for ways to save energy and materials, attempting to minimize their negative impacts on the environment. In the pulp and paper industry, one of the segments in which progress can be made and help protect the planet is to reduce the brightness of paper. Such a reduction would lead to a lowering in the energy and material costs associated with paper production.
Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin ... more Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer in the world. Due to its complex structure, lignin can be considered a valuable source of energy and different chemicals. In addition, using different reactive sites on lignin, it is possible to prepare different value-added products, such as resins, polyurethanes, and many more. Different functional groups are presented on the lignin macromolecule and can be modified via different pathways. Hydroxyl groups are the most promising reactive sites for lignin modifications. Both modified and unmodified lignins could be used for preparing different biomaterials. This paper shows several possible applications of lignin. The main goal of this publication is to show the possible valorization of lignin in different value-added products throughout the actual market prices of non-biobased materials. This review proves that lignin has unquestionable advantages in material technology and can replace different substances which will lead to a higher potential market value of lignins and could create new bio-based materials compared with the actual prices of commercially available materials. Nowadays, it is easier to use lignin as an energy source even though a lot of lignin modifications and conversion processes are still under development and need more time to become more relevant for industrial applications. Information in the presented paper should reveal to the reader the importance and economic benefits of using lignin as a value-added compound in different applications.
Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, i... more Lignin is the second most abundant renewable natural polymer that occurs on Earth, and as such, it should be widely utilised by industries in a variety of applications. However, these applications and possible research seem to be limited or prevented by a variety of factors, mainly the high heterogeneity of lignin. Selective modifications of the structure and of functional groups allow better properties in material applications, whereas the separation of different qualitative lignin groups permits selective application in industry. This review is aimed at modification of the lignin structure, increasing the hydrophobicity of the produced materials, and focusing on several perspective modifications for industrial-scale production of lignin-based polymers, as well as challenges, opportunities, and other important factors to take into consideration.
The application of LC/MS-TOF method combined with stable isotope dilution assay was studied for d... more The application of LC/MS-TOF method combined with stable isotope dilution assay was studied for determination of thiamine, riboflavin, nicotinamide, nicotinic acid, pantothenic acid, pyridoxal, and pyridoxine in food. Nutritional yeast powder was used as a model food matrix. Acid extraction was compared with various enzymatic treatments in ammonium formate buffer to find a suitable method for the conversion of more complex vitamers into the same forms as the used isotope-labeled internal standards. The enzyme preparations α-amylase, takadiastase, β-glucosidase, and acid phosphatase were all able to liberate thiamine and riboflavin. The diastatic enzyme preparations α-amylase and takadiastase also expressed proteolytic side activities resulting in the formation of small peptides which interfered with the mass spectra of thiamine and riboflavin. Liberation of nicotinamide and pantothenic acid from NAD(+) and CoA, respectively, could not be achieved with any of the studied enzyme preparations. Hydrochloric acid extraction at 121 °C for 30 min was found to be destructive to pantothenic acid, but increased the liberation of pyridoxal.
Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvent... more Green solvents show several favorable features to be used as extraction and fractionation solvents, such as their ease of preparation and lower cost, and they can be both non-toxic and biodegradable when prepared with natural compounds. Due to their properties, green solvents' application in biomass fractionation has been extensively studied during the past years. The presented work describes the application of several possible combinations to create deep eutectic solvents with the potential to be used in processing different types of biomass. The results of studies suggest that deep eutectic solvents may have an important ability to dissolve lignin molecules from plants and can realize a mild catalytic mechanism (acid-base) that will activate the checked cleavage of non-stable ether linkages between phenylpropane units.
The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in wa... more The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in water and some organic solvents. Fifteen ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and tested as solvents suitable for delignification of unbleached pulp. The selected ternary DESs are composed of quaternary ammonium salts and amino acids as hydrogen-bond acceptors, and organic acids and polyvalent alcohols as hydrogen bond donors, with molar ratios varying for the individual components. The delignification efficiency is significantly influenced by the degree of penetration of the solvent into the pulp fibre structure. Therefore, the density and viscosity analysis of individual solvents was performed. Unbleached beech pulp with initial kappa number 13.9 was treated with the prepared DESs. The kappa number indicates the residual lignin content or the bleachability of pulp. The efficiency of the solvents ranged from 1.4% to 28.1%. The most suitable for the pretreatment of fibres, b...
The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in wa... more The processing of lignocellulosic materials is very limited because of their low solubility in water and some organic solvents. Fifteen ternary deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were prepared and tested as solvents suitable for delignification of unbleached pulp. The selected ternary DESs are composed of quaternary ammonium salts and amino acids as hydrogen-bond acceptors, and organic acids and polyvalent alcohols as hydrogen bond donors, with molar ratios varying for the individual components. The delignification efficiency is significantly influenced by the degree of penetration of the solvent into the pulp fibre structure. Therefore, the density and viscosity analysis of individual solvents was performed. Unbleached beech pulp with initial kappa number 13.9 was treated with the prepared DESs. The kappa number indicates the residual lignin content or the bleachability of pulp. The efficiency of the solvents ranged from 1.4% to 28.1%. The most suitable for the pretreatment of fibres, b...
Samples of papers artificially (2 to 60 days) and naturally (10, 45, and 56 years) aged were stud... more Samples of papers artificially (2 to 60 days) and naturally (10, 45, and 56 years) aged were studied by the Py-GC/MS method to identify decomposition products. Possible reaction scenarios for cellulose degradation were developed. One of the degradation products is acetic acid, which can (auto)catalyze the cleavage of cellulose β(1→4)-glycosidic bonds of cellulose polymer chains. However, during 20 s of Py-GC/MS analysis, temperatures of up to 300 °C did not significantly increase or modify the formation of decomposition products of paper components. At 300 °C, the amount of several cellulose decomposition products increased regularly depending on the number of days of artificial aging and natural aging, demonstrated mainly by the generation of 2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, and levoglucosan and its consecutive dehydration products. No correlation between the amount of lignin decomposition products and the time of aging was found when the pyrolysis was performed at 3...
This work focused on the preparation, physical and chemical characterization of water containing ... more This work focused on the preparation, physical and chemical characterization of water containing choline chloride-based solvents with lactic acid and 1,3-propanediol, 1,3-butanediol 1,4-butanediol, and 1,5-pentanediol, with different molar ratios. Of the physical and chemical properties, we determined density, viscosity, conductivity, and acidity. The results showed that the properties of the resulting solvent could be adjusted by the appropriate selection of another component. It has been shown that the addition of dihydric alcohol can lead to a significant reduction in viscosity and a slight decrease in density, which significantly affects the possibilities of solvent application.
Acquisition and isolation of value-added substances from natural sources using new types of green... more Acquisition and isolation of value-added substances from natural sources using new types of green solvents are becoming a breakthrough area of 21st century research. In combination with various extraction techniques, there is expected to be a diversification of the use of these solvents for extraction, separation, and the formation of new drug carriers, allowing increased solubility of substances having potential pharmacological properties. Extraction, separation, or increase in the solubility of suitable drug candidates against COVID-19, or other viral diseases, opens new ways to effectively prevent and protect human health in this pandemic period.
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Papers by Michal Jablonsky
preparing different biomaterials. This paper shows several possible applications of lignin. The main goal of this publication is to show the possible valorization of lignin in different value-added products throughout the actual market prices of non-biobased materials. This review proves that lignin has unquestionable advantages in material technology and can replace different substances which will lead to a higher potential market value of lignins and could create new bio-based materials compared
with the actual prices of commercially available materials. Nowadays, it is easier to use lignin as an energy source even though a lot of lignin modifications and conversion processes are still under development and need more time to become more relevant for industrial applications. Information in the presented paper should reveal to the reader the importance and economic benefits of using lignin as a value-added compound in different applications.
preparing different biomaterials. This paper shows several possible applications of lignin. The main goal of this publication is to show the possible valorization of lignin in different value-added products throughout the actual market prices of non-biobased materials. This review proves that lignin has unquestionable advantages in material technology and can replace different substances which will lead to a higher potential market value of lignins and could create new bio-based materials compared
with the actual prices of commercially available materials. Nowadays, it is easier to use lignin as an energy source even though a lot of lignin modifications and conversion processes are still under development and need more time to become more relevant for industrial applications. Information in the presented paper should reveal to the reader the importance and economic benefits of using lignin as a value-added compound in different applications.