SUMMARYThe public health threat posed by zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi appears to be growing: it i... more SUMMARYThe public health threat posed by zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi appears to be growing: it is increasingly reported across South East Asia, and is the leading cause of malaria in Malaysian Borneo. Plasmodium knowlesi threatens progress towards malaria elimination as aspects of its transmission, such as spillover from wildlife reservoirs and reliance on outdoor-biting vectors, may limit the effectiveness of conventional methods of malaria control. The development of new quantitative approaches that address the ecological complexity of P. knowlesi, particularly through a focus on its primary reservoir hosts, will be required to control it. Here, we review what is known about P. knowlesi transmission, identify key knowledge gaps in the context of current approaches to transmission modelling, and discuss the integration of these approaches with clinical parasitology and geostatistical analysis. We highlight the need to incorporate the influences of fine-scale spatial variation, rap...
<p>The table shows simulated outcomes for 1000 <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i&g... more <p>The table shows simulated outcomes for 1000 <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> malaria patients of undetermined G6PD status at attendance, if they were managed according to each of three strategies (chloroquine, primaquine and screening) according to G6PD status, treatment given and the test result if screened.</p
<p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment... more <p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment in males.</p
<p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment... more <p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment in females.</p
<p>Green represents disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted by the screening strateg... more <p>Green represents disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted by the screening strategy for a cohort of 1000 individuals. For costs, yellow indicates increased costs and blue indicates cost savings for the screening strategy for one individual. For net monetary benefit (<i>NMB</i>), purple indicates scenarios where the screening strategy would be cost-effective at a threshold of US$500 (<i>T</i>) where <i>NMB = T × ΔDALYs– ΔCosts</i>.</p
<p>Results show the screening strategy versus: A) the chloroquine strategy in males, B) the... more <p>Results show the screening strategy versus: A) the chloroquine strategy in males, B) the primaquine strategy for males, C) the chloroquine strategy in females and D) the primaquine strategy in females.</p
SUMMARYThe public health threat posed by zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi appears to be growing: it i... more SUMMARYThe public health threat posed by zoonotic Plasmodium knowlesi appears to be growing: it is increasingly reported across South East Asia, and is the leading cause of malaria in Malaysian Borneo. Plasmodium knowlesi threatens progress towards malaria elimination as aspects of its transmission, such as spillover from wildlife reservoirs and reliance on outdoor-biting vectors, may limit the effectiveness of conventional methods of malaria control. The development of new quantitative approaches that address the ecological complexity of P. knowlesi, particularly through a focus on its primary reservoir hosts, will be required to control it. Here, we review what is known about P. knowlesi transmission, identify key knowledge gaps in the context of current approaches to transmission modelling, and discuss the integration of these approaches with clinical parasitology and geostatistical analysis. We highlight the need to incorporate the influences of fine-scale spatial variation, rap...
<p>The table shows simulated outcomes for 1000 <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i&g... more <p>The table shows simulated outcomes for 1000 <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> malaria patients of undetermined G6PD status at attendance, if they were managed according to each of three strategies (chloroquine, primaquine and screening) according to G6PD status, treatment given and the test result if screened.</p
<p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment... more <p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment in males.</p
<p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment... more <p>Model diagram of strategies for <i>P</i>. <i>vivax</i> treatment in females.</p
<p>Green represents disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted by the screening strateg... more <p>Green represents disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) averted by the screening strategy for a cohort of 1000 individuals. For costs, yellow indicates increased costs and blue indicates cost savings for the screening strategy for one individual. For net monetary benefit (<i>NMB</i>), purple indicates scenarios where the screening strategy would be cost-effective at a threshold of US$500 (<i>T</i>) where <i>NMB = T × ΔDALYs– ΔCosts</i>.</p
<p>Results show the screening strategy versus: A) the chloroquine strategy in males, B) the... more <p>Results show the screening strategy versus: A) the chloroquine strategy in males, B) the primaquine strategy for males, C) the chloroquine strategy in females and D) the primaquine strategy in females.</p
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