MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology
Recently, the interest in sustainable development is one of the most important fields of science ... more Recently, the interest in sustainable development is one of the most important fields of science and research because it aims to improve the life environment for all living organisms in general and for humans in particular. One of the areas of sustainable development is maintaining the integrity of the environment, reducing pollution, preserving energy sources and using clean energy from sustainable environmentally friendly sources. Algae represent the most important sustainable sources that succeed in achieving these goals, in addition to being a sustainable and renewable source for efficiently producing biofuels, they produce living mass that is used in the production of compounds that are used in various medical, industrial and agricultural industries. Besides, during their growth, they reduce pollution by producing oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide used in Photosynthesis to build different compounds and their high ability to absorb pollutants from various heavy metals, especial...
Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
The study aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the synergy between types of fungi and algae for ... more The study aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the synergy between types of fungi and algae for wastewater treatment. Samples are collected from the waters of Wadi al-Kharazi inside the University of Mosul. Four genera of organisms, two sexes of fungi, and two sexes of algae are used for the purpose of reacting. Examinations are conducted for water treated with fungi and algae, as 8 treatments are used compared to the control treatment that contains water alone. The pH function, bicarbonate ions, and sulfates with the two elements iron and copper are measured. The results of the bicarbonate examination show that the best biological treatment is in the mixed culturing of the alga Spirogyra maxima and the fungus Trichoderma asperallum. The average concentration during the incubation periods is 162.8 mg.l-1 compared to the average control treatment ranging 204.9 mg.l-1. The results of the sulfate examination show a decrease in concentration for all treatments compared to the control t...
Since algae is one of the natural sources of chemical compounds, including nutrients, fats and vi... more Since algae is one of the natural sources of chemical compounds, including nutrients, fats and vitamins, thatstimulate the germination and growth of plants, so the aim of the research was to study the effect of aqueous extracts of Cladophora and Spirogyra at a concentration of (0, 1, 2) % in the germination and growth of three cultivars of the bread wheat Triticum aestivum (Baraka, Buhooth-22 and Sham-6) through the application of the pots experiment. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the algae affected positive the assessed variables increase considerably as the concentration increased, and treatments at concentration (1 and 2%) had an encouraging effect on the germination and growth of plants of both cultivars Buhooth-22 and Baraka, while cultivar Sham-6 was less responsive to the extracts. Â
Different methods to biosynthesis of Gold nanoparticles was done with using cyanobacterium Lyngby... more Different methods to biosynthesis of Gold nanoparticles was done with using cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. , and salt gold (HAuCL4) and evaluate their antibacterial activity .Gold nanoparticles were prepared in different ways ,dry and fresh weight of this cyanobacterium to obtain aqueous extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). UV-visible spectroscopy show a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at (532- 552) nm; confirmed by (SEM) image revealed the spherical shape and the size range from (39.1-61.9) and (59.4-84.0) nm for dry, wet aqueous extract respectively. FTIR result showed containing of ( phenol ,protein and carbonyl) as afunctional group. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was evident from Peaks in the (XRD) pattern. biosynthesis
The disparate impact of extract callus plant Ruta graveolens L.( rue) on the growth of bacteria S... more The disparate impact of extract callus plant Ruta graveolens L.( rue) on the growth of bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti in the nutrient medium, as noted its effect inhibitory on the growth of bacteria in the medium of Manitol Salt Yeast Extract (MSY) liquid in terms of numbers tend to decrease by 47.5 and 38.6%, as shown by its effects as an energy source when you add it to the medium of nutritional deficiencies Rhizobium Minimal Mediam (RMM) instead of sugar Mannitol and increasing the bacteria by 27.7 and 12.3%, after 24 and 48 hours of incubation compared to a sample comparison (bacteria developing in the nutrient medium without the addition of extract), in terms of measuring the turbidity at the spectral wavelength 595 nm,in the other hand, this extract inhibited the formation of root nodules on alfalfa seedlings inoculated with the bacterium S. meliloti developing in the middle (NF) Nitrogen Free solid, also reduced the number of vegetative branches , and leaves, with the death ...
Green algae constitute the most heterogeneous group of photoautotrophic protoctists inhabiting th... more Green algae constitute the most heterogeneous group of photoautotrophic protoctists inhabiting the biosphere and show an enormously wide variability of shape, size, and habit, and even color may be highly variable. According to the most recent taxonomic tree, the green algae have evolved in two major lineages; the chlorophytes clade (e.g. Cladophora, Chlamydomonas) and the Charophytes clade (e.g. Chara, Spirogyra). The first one includes the majority that is called "green algae'', whereas the second contains a smaller number of green algal; taxa Green algae. All are photoautotrophic and their growth depends on nutrients and underwater light availability, which is linked to physical parameters such as transparency, hydrodynamics, temperature, conductivity, and others .Those organisms have dimensions ranging from few micrometers to several centimeters with a substantial difference in their morphological organization from swimming or non-motile unicells ARTICLE INFO ABSTRA...
Aims: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a bluegreen approach. Cyanobacteria strains, commonly ... more Aims: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a bluegreen approach. Cyanobacteria strains, commonly known as blue green algae that known as cheap ecofriendly tool for nanometal formation. The cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. was found to be effective microorganism for nana silver production. The extracellular synthesis of AgNPs was initially detected by visual inspection for color changing of cultured flasks solutions from transparent to brown then black, as well as nanoparticles was characterization by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) .The cyanobacterium characterized by genetic approach beside the morphological methods, by isolation of DNA that followed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with electrophoresis run and finally sequencing technique to accurate identification of the cyanobacterium strain of our study. Materials and Methods: In this study the cyanobacterium was isolated from fresh water then inoculated on solid Chu 10 medium ,after ...
This study aims to isolate and diagnose phenols in the raw ethanol extract and the phenolic extra... more This study aims to isolate and diagnose phenols in the raw ethanol extract and the phenolic extract of Gloeocapsa sp. PCC 7428 alga by means of thin layer chromatography method (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of (TLC) showed the existence of Gallic acid, Phenol and Tannic acid. The Rf of the phenolic extract was consistent at (0.93) for Gallic acid, (0.98) for phenol and (0.91) for tannic acid. The results of (HPLC) showed the existence of the phenolic compounds; Apigenin, Catechine, Keampferol, Rutin, Qucetine, Gallic acid and Coumarin. The highest concentration and percentage among these compounds was of the phenolic compound Gallic acid in the raw ethanol extract (63.2 ppm and 2.7%) and in the phenolic extract (58.6 ppm and 5.1%). The efficacies of the extracts were studied against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium solan...
Beta-carotene pigment was extracted from 3 isolates of some microalgae (cyanobacteria and green a... more Beta-carotene pigment was extracted from 3 isolates of some microalgae (cyanobacteria and green algae) which were isolated from the local environment of Mosul city. The maximum concentration of the pigment in the acetone extract of Chlorella alga (RC) was (1179.1 ppm), whereas the minimum was in the lower layer after separation of cyanobacteria Gloeocapsa (F2G) and was (271.2 ppm). The efficacy of Betacarotene pigment and the acetone extract against bacteria and pathogenic fungi was studied and the results showed that all the samples of the used genera (cyanobacteria and green algae) had showed inhibitive efficacy against bacteria and fungi. The acetone extract of Chlorella surpassed the other extracts of raw cyanobacteria (acetone) and this applies to the betacarotene pigment F1 extracted from Chlorella and its efficacy against bacteria and fungi, whereas the lower layer F2 showed the least effect against bacteria and fungi. Key word: b-carotene, Micro algae, Antimicrobial.
The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of cyanobacterium via detection ... more The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of cyanobacterium via detection of phenolic compounds with antibacterial activity, Recently, a new search for friendly to the environment alternatives to antibiotics has been explored, so there is a trend to use cyanobacteria, which are one of type of microalgae as a source for obtaining compounds that have an anti-bacterial effect. Cyanobacteria is an important source of many bioactive compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, terpenes, fatty acids, and many other bioactive compounds. Ethanolic extract of Oscillatoria had no effect towards Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), while the phenolic compound isolated from that ethanolic extract showed a clear effect on the above-mentioned bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to phenols compared with a negative one, according to the results of inhibition zones diameters for ...
MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology
Recently, the interest in sustainable development is one of the most important fields of science ... more Recently, the interest in sustainable development is one of the most important fields of science and research because it aims to improve the life environment for all living organisms in general and for humans in particular. One of the areas of sustainable development is maintaining the integrity of the environment, reducing pollution, preserving energy sources and using clean energy from sustainable environmentally friendly sources. Algae represent the most important sustainable sources that succeed in achieving these goals, in addition to being a sustainable and renewable source for efficiently producing biofuels, they produce living mass that is used in the production of compounds that are used in various medical, industrial and agricultural industries. Besides, during their growth, they reduce pollution by producing oxygen and reducing carbon dioxide used in Photosynthesis to build different compounds and their high ability to absorb pollutants from various heavy metals, especial...
Journal for Research in Applied Sciences and Biotechnology
The study aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the synergy between types of fungi and algae for ... more The study aims to demonstrate the efficiency of the synergy between types of fungi and algae for wastewater treatment. Samples are collected from the waters of Wadi al-Kharazi inside the University of Mosul. Four genera of organisms, two sexes of fungi, and two sexes of algae are used for the purpose of reacting. Examinations are conducted for water treated with fungi and algae, as 8 treatments are used compared to the control treatment that contains water alone. The pH function, bicarbonate ions, and sulfates with the two elements iron and copper are measured. The results of the bicarbonate examination show that the best biological treatment is in the mixed culturing of the alga Spirogyra maxima and the fungus Trichoderma asperallum. The average concentration during the incubation periods is 162.8 mg.l-1 compared to the average control treatment ranging 204.9 mg.l-1. The results of the sulfate examination show a decrease in concentration for all treatments compared to the control t...
Since algae is one of the natural sources of chemical compounds, including nutrients, fats and vi... more Since algae is one of the natural sources of chemical compounds, including nutrients, fats and vitamins, thatstimulate the germination and growth of plants, so the aim of the research was to study the effect of aqueous extracts of Cladophora and Spirogyra at a concentration of (0, 1, 2) % in the germination and growth of three cultivars of the bread wheat Triticum aestivum (Baraka, Buhooth-22 and Sham-6) through the application of the pots experiment. The results showed that the aqueous extract of the algae affected positive the assessed variables increase considerably as the concentration increased, and treatments at concentration (1 and 2%) had an encouraging effect on the germination and growth of plants of both cultivars Buhooth-22 and Baraka, while cultivar Sham-6 was less responsive to the extracts. Â
Different methods to biosynthesis of Gold nanoparticles was done with using cyanobacterium Lyngby... more Different methods to biosynthesis of Gold nanoparticles was done with using cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. , and salt gold (HAuCL4) and evaluate their antibacterial activity .Gold nanoparticles were prepared in different ways ,dry and fresh weight of this cyanobacterium to obtain aqueous extract. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using analytical techniques such as UV-Visible spectroscopy, SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy), FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared) and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction). UV-visible spectroscopy show a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) peak at (532- 552) nm; confirmed by (SEM) image revealed the spherical shape and the size range from (39.1-61.9) and (59.4-84.0) nm for dry, wet aqueous extract respectively. FTIR result showed containing of ( phenol ,protein and carbonyl) as afunctional group. The crystalline nature of the nanoparticles was evident from Peaks in the (XRD) pattern. biosynthesis
The disparate impact of extract callus plant Ruta graveolens L.( rue) on the growth of bacteria S... more The disparate impact of extract callus plant Ruta graveolens L.( rue) on the growth of bacteria Sinorhizobium meliloti in the nutrient medium, as noted its effect inhibitory on the growth of bacteria in the medium of Manitol Salt Yeast Extract (MSY) liquid in terms of numbers tend to decrease by 47.5 and 38.6%, as shown by its effects as an energy source when you add it to the medium of nutritional deficiencies Rhizobium Minimal Mediam (RMM) instead of sugar Mannitol and increasing the bacteria by 27.7 and 12.3%, after 24 and 48 hours of incubation compared to a sample comparison (bacteria developing in the nutrient medium without the addition of extract), in terms of measuring the turbidity at the spectral wavelength 595 nm,in the other hand, this extract inhibited the formation of root nodules on alfalfa seedlings inoculated with the bacterium S. meliloti developing in the middle (NF) Nitrogen Free solid, also reduced the number of vegetative branches , and leaves, with the death ...
Green algae constitute the most heterogeneous group of photoautotrophic protoctists inhabiting th... more Green algae constitute the most heterogeneous group of photoautotrophic protoctists inhabiting the biosphere and show an enormously wide variability of shape, size, and habit, and even color may be highly variable. According to the most recent taxonomic tree, the green algae have evolved in two major lineages; the chlorophytes clade (e.g. Cladophora, Chlamydomonas) and the Charophytes clade (e.g. Chara, Spirogyra). The first one includes the majority that is called "green algae'', whereas the second contains a smaller number of green algal; taxa Green algae. All are photoautotrophic and their growth depends on nutrients and underwater light availability, which is linked to physical parameters such as transparency, hydrodynamics, temperature, conductivity, and others .Those organisms have dimensions ranging from few micrometers to several centimeters with a substantial difference in their morphological organization from swimming or non-motile unicells ARTICLE INFO ABSTRA...
Aims: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a bluegreen approach. Cyanobacteria strains, commonly ... more Aims: Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by a bluegreen approach. Cyanobacteria strains, commonly known as blue green algae that known as cheap ecofriendly tool for nanometal formation. The cyanobacterium Gloeocapsa sp. was found to be effective microorganism for nana silver production. The extracellular synthesis of AgNPs was initially detected by visual inspection for color changing of cultured flasks solutions from transparent to brown then black, as well as nanoparticles was characterization by UV-Vis spectrophotometer and Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) .The cyanobacterium characterized by genetic approach beside the morphological methods, by isolation of DNA that followed with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with electrophoresis run and finally sequencing technique to accurate identification of the cyanobacterium strain of our study. Materials and Methods: In this study the cyanobacterium was isolated from fresh water then inoculated on solid Chu 10 medium ,after ...
This study aims to isolate and diagnose phenols in the raw ethanol extract and the phenolic extra... more This study aims to isolate and diagnose phenols in the raw ethanol extract and the phenolic extract of Gloeocapsa sp. PCC 7428 alga by means of thin layer chromatography method (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results of (TLC) showed the existence of Gallic acid, Phenol and Tannic acid. The Rf of the phenolic extract was consistent at (0.93) for Gallic acid, (0.98) for phenol and (0.91) for tannic acid. The results of (HPLC) showed the existence of the phenolic compounds; Apigenin, Catechine, Keampferol, Rutin, Qucetine, Gallic acid and Coumarin. The highest concentration and percentage among these compounds was of the phenolic compound Gallic acid in the raw ethanol extract (63.2 ppm and 2.7%) and in the phenolic extract (58.6 ppm and 5.1%). The efficacies of the extracts were studied against bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Esherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa and against the pathogenic fungi Fusarium solan...
Beta-carotene pigment was extracted from 3 isolates of some microalgae (cyanobacteria and green a... more Beta-carotene pigment was extracted from 3 isolates of some microalgae (cyanobacteria and green algae) which were isolated from the local environment of Mosul city. The maximum concentration of the pigment in the acetone extract of Chlorella alga (RC) was (1179.1 ppm), whereas the minimum was in the lower layer after separation of cyanobacteria Gloeocapsa (F2G) and was (271.2 ppm). The efficacy of Betacarotene pigment and the acetone extract against bacteria and pathogenic fungi was studied and the results showed that all the samples of the used genera (cyanobacteria and green algae) had showed inhibitive efficacy against bacteria and fungi. The acetone extract of Chlorella surpassed the other extracts of raw cyanobacteria (acetone) and this applies to the betacarotene pigment F1 extracted from Chlorella and its efficacy against bacteria and fungi, whereas the lower layer F2 showed the least effect against bacteria and fungi. Key word: b-carotene, Micro algae, Antimicrobial.
The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of cyanobacterium via detection ... more The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of cyanobacterium via detection of phenolic compounds with antibacterial activity, Recently, a new search for friendly to the environment alternatives to antibiotics has been explored, so there is a trend to use cyanobacteria, which are one of type of microalgae as a source for obtaining compounds that have an anti-bacterial effect. Cyanobacteria is an important source of many bioactive compounds, such as phenols, alkaloids, terpenes, fatty acids, and many other bioactive compounds. Ethanolic extract of Oscillatoria had no effect towards Gram positive Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and negative bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli), while the phenolic compound isolated from that ethanolic extract showed a clear effect on the above-mentioned bacteria. The Gram-positive bacteria are more sensitive to phenols compared with a negative one, according to the results of inhibition zones diameters for ...
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