In the present technological moment the digital reproduction is accompanied by problems caused by... more In the present technological moment the digital reproduction is accompanied by problems caused by insufficient knowledge of mechanism in printing processes depending on the characteristics of the printing substrates and ink which would ensure the exact reproduction of all graphic information. Except that, the scientific approach of the evaluation of ecological suitableness which is based on the definition, quantification and evaluation of the influences of the determined printing technique on environment, undoubtedly shows the recognizable unfavourable influence in the domain of raw materials, graphic material, printing processes and the disposal of the used products. Only one part of the results of the above mentioned investigations, which concerns the different composition of the printing substrate and the digital prints exposed to the controlled influences of the accelerated ageing, is presented in this work. The investigations comprise non aged and accelerated aged papers of dif...
Proceedings of the 23rd International DAAAM Symposium 2012, 2012
The basic directions of the ecological sustainability of the sheet fed offset printing are in the... more The basic directions of the ecological sustainability of the sheet fed offset printing are in the area of the application of the renewable and recycled raw materials for the production of the printing materials, in the decrease of the energy consumption, the usage of the energy from the renewable sources and in the production without waste; or if the waste was formed that it could be used in the same production or in another one. The analysis of the life cycle assessment offset printed matter has shown all the importance of the recycled paper usage in relation to the usage of the paper made from the virgin fibres and with it the possible influence on the quality of the environment. The main object of these investigations is the contribution to the explanation of the mechanism of the deinking flotation of prints made with the ink based on mineral oils and prints with greater share of the renewable raw material. Some prints were exposed to moist heat ageing before recycling. The brightness of handsheet, number and area of specks and chromatic coefficient in relation to the ink formulation and the conditions of the moist heat ageing of prints are discussed.
The awareness of environmental, economic and sociological problems is rising. The purpose of such... more The awareness of environmental, economic and sociological problems is rising. The purpose of such an approach is to reconcile industrial development with environmental capacities. This approach to environmental protection dates back to the time when the devastation of environment brought on by human factor, the intensification of production process and a build-up of harmful pollutants first became visible. The measures aiming at protecting the environment are a part of the organization system within the production. They are carried out by means of the bat-Best Available Techniques and are based on contemporary technology, which guarantee a high degree of environmental, energetic and economic efficiency.
The coating process is an important phase in the paper production process. Smoother printing subs... more The coating process is an important phase in the paper production process. Smoother printing substrates with improved appearances are formed by coating and better adhesion of the printing inks is enabled as well. Paper is a porous material in which liquids (moisture, fat) and gasses (water vapor, oxygen, flavor etc.) penetrate well. To protect the graphic products from different outdoor factors, it is necessary to apply the protective layer on paper. It is mainly made by wax impregnation and by laminating different materials in layers (PE polyethylene, aluminum foil, or melted polymer) [1]. In recent time one of the methods for applying the impregnated layers has been the UV InkJet printing technology. In this technology the liquid is directly applied on the printing substrate and it is cured by LED UV light. In this way of printing, the printing inks are applied, but the transparent UV dried varnishes can be also applied in this printing technique. In this way a new surface of chan...
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the dependence of the colour fading of offset prin... more ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the dependence of the colour fading of offset prints on the ageing process, relative to prints overprinted with water-based dispersion varnish and UV-cured varnish. Natural ageing (outdoor conditions and the exposure to sunlight filtered by glass windows) and accelerated ageing (moisl heat and light xenon arc lamp) treatments were carried out. In order lo determine colour fading, colour difference, 2D gamut values and characteristic cross sections L20, L50 and L80, as well as 3D gamut values were used. The yellow colour showed the largest colour difference when offset prints were exposed to accelerated ageing by means of exposure to xenon light. Magenta followed yellow. No significant stability was achieved by varnishing the yellow print with water-based dispersion varnish and UV-cured varnish. This was also the case with magenta. An increase of the gamut occurred after one week's exposure of prints coated with water-based dispersion varnish to moist heat ageing. In contrast, on exposure of prints coated with UV-cured varnish, a decrease of gamut appeared. On further exposure of prints covered with either kind of varnish a decrease of gamut was evident. Indoor exposure of varnished prints to sunlight through a glass window had a minor influence on the gamut volume change in comparison with the exposure of prints to outdoor conditions.
The aim of this paper is the result presentation of some optical properties research for ink jet ... more The aim of this paper is the result presentation of some optical properties research for ink jet prints after: exposing the prints to the mixed daylight and artificial light, exposing of prints to the sun-light through the glass window, and exposing of prints to outdoor conditions during the summer months. The prints obtained by piezoelectric and thermal ink jet technologies were used in the researches. The dye-based inks and the pigmented inks based on water and the low solvent inks were used. The results of these researches, except the scientific contribution in the domain of understanding and explaining the environmental conditions on the gamut size, i.e. the range of color tonality, colorimetric stability and print quality, can be used by the ink and paper manufacturers in new formulations, offer data for the printer producers for further production and evaluation of the position of their products.
The research results on the influence characteristics of graphic materials and conditions in prin... more The research results on the influence characteristics of graphic materials and conditions in printing on the print quality and efficiency of the recycling are presented in this paper. Research was carried out in the field of offset printing and digital printing based on electrophotography with liquid and solid toner. Comparing the results through the segment of gamut volume and the recycling efficiency of prints a certain correlation in which the variable conditions in the printing have an important role were noticed. Obtained results justify further research in the direction of environmentally friendly materials and processes across the lifecycle of graphic products, including the settings of industrial ecology and sustainability.
Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, May 1, 2005
ABSTRACT Optical properties of handsheets made from pulp resulting from deinking flotation of mul... more ABSTRACT Optical properties of handsheets made from pulp resulting from deinking flotation of multicolored and desaturated prints from digital and conventional offset printing have been observed. The prints were made on different models of digital offset machines. One series of prints was naturally aged for the period of one year and the other was accelerated aged in a climatic chamber. The results show that the model of the printing machine, even with the same technology, can affect the size of particles and the optical properties of the handsheet. The quality of deinking pulp and the efficacy of the ink removal in relation to the optical parameters such as brightness, reflectance in the determined areas of wavelengths and color are discussed in this work.
The image processing and analysis are interesting methods for determining the number of the resid... more The image processing and analysis are interesting methods for determining the number of the residual dirt specks within the defined size classes and the area they occupy in handsheets produced from fibers in different phases of the paper recycling process or produced on the paper. Dirt specks include the ink particles in the deinked pulp. In this study, prints from digital offset printing technique based on Indigo electrophotography were used for recycling. In printing process the voltage levels on the photoreceptor drum were 300V and 600V respectively. Printing substrate was the mat fine art paper of different basis weights. Effects of artificial ageing, flotation process and paper side were also studied. Residual ink size, number and area of ink particles were assessed with two image analysis systems - Spec*Scan, Apogee System and Proton. Results of a full factorial 25 experimental design from measurements obtained by Spec*Scan are presented with a special emphasis on influential ...
In the present technological moment the digital reproduction is accompanied by problems caused by... more In the present technological moment the digital reproduction is accompanied by problems caused by insufficient knowledge of mechanism in printing processes depending on the characteristics of the printing substrates and ink which would ensure the exact reproduction of all graphic information. Except that, the scientific approach of the evaluation of ecological suitableness which is based on the definition, quantification and evaluation of the influences of the determined printing technique on environment, undoubtedly shows the recognizable unfavourable influence in the domain of raw materials, graphic material, printing processes and the disposal of the used products. Only one part of the results of the above mentioned investigations, which concerns the different composition of the printing substrate and the digital prints exposed to the controlled influences of the accelerated ageing, is presented in this work. The investigations comprise non aged and accelerated aged papers of dif...
Proceedings of the 23rd International DAAAM Symposium 2012, 2012
The basic directions of the ecological sustainability of the sheet fed offset printing are in the... more The basic directions of the ecological sustainability of the sheet fed offset printing are in the area of the application of the renewable and recycled raw materials for the production of the printing materials, in the decrease of the energy consumption, the usage of the energy from the renewable sources and in the production without waste; or if the waste was formed that it could be used in the same production or in another one. The analysis of the life cycle assessment offset printed matter has shown all the importance of the recycled paper usage in relation to the usage of the paper made from the virgin fibres and with it the possible influence on the quality of the environment. The main object of these investigations is the contribution to the explanation of the mechanism of the deinking flotation of prints made with the ink based on mineral oils and prints with greater share of the renewable raw material. Some prints were exposed to moist heat ageing before recycling. The brightness of handsheet, number and area of specks and chromatic coefficient in relation to the ink formulation and the conditions of the moist heat ageing of prints are discussed.
The awareness of environmental, economic and sociological problems is rising. The purpose of such... more The awareness of environmental, economic and sociological problems is rising. The purpose of such an approach is to reconcile industrial development with environmental capacities. This approach to environmental protection dates back to the time when the devastation of environment brought on by human factor, the intensification of production process and a build-up of harmful pollutants first became visible. The measures aiming at protecting the environment are a part of the organization system within the production. They are carried out by means of the bat-Best Available Techniques and are based on contemporary technology, which guarantee a high degree of environmental, energetic and economic efficiency.
The coating process is an important phase in the paper production process. Smoother printing subs... more The coating process is an important phase in the paper production process. Smoother printing substrates with improved appearances are formed by coating and better adhesion of the printing inks is enabled as well. Paper is a porous material in which liquids (moisture, fat) and gasses (water vapor, oxygen, flavor etc.) penetrate well. To protect the graphic products from different outdoor factors, it is necessary to apply the protective layer on paper. It is mainly made by wax impregnation and by laminating different materials in layers (PE polyethylene, aluminum foil, or melted polymer) [1]. In recent time one of the methods for applying the impregnated layers has been the UV InkJet printing technology. In this technology the liquid is directly applied on the printing substrate and it is cured by LED UV light. In this way of printing, the printing inks are applied, but the transparent UV dried varnishes can be also applied in this printing technique. In this way a new surface of chan...
ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the dependence of the colour fading of offset prin... more ABSTRACT The aim of this work was to determine the dependence of the colour fading of offset prints on the ageing process, relative to prints overprinted with water-based dispersion varnish and UV-cured varnish. Natural ageing (outdoor conditions and the exposure to sunlight filtered by glass windows) and accelerated ageing (moisl heat and light xenon arc lamp) treatments were carried out. In order lo determine colour fading, colour difference, 2D gamut values and characteristic cross sections L20, L50 and L80, as well as 3D gamut values were used. The yellow colour showed the largest colour difference when offset prints were exposed to accelerated ageing by means of exposure to xenon light. Magenta followed yellow. No significant stability was achieved by varnishing the yellow print with water-based dispersion varnish and UV-cured varnish. This was also the case with magenta. An increase of the gamut occurred after one week's exposure of prints coated with water-based dispersion varnish to moist heat ageing. In contrast, on exposure of prints coated with UV-cured varnish, a decrease of gamut appeared. On further exposure of prints covered with either kind of varnish a decrease of gamut was evident. Indoor exposure of varnished prints to sunlight through a glass window had a minor influence on the gamut volume change in comparison with the exposure of prints to outdoor conditions.
The aim of this paper is the result presentation of some optical properties research for ink jet ... more The aim of this paper is the result presentation of some optical properties research for ink jet prints after: exposing the prints to the mixed daylight and artificial light, exposing of prints to the sun-light through the glass window, and exposing of prints to outdoor conditions during the summer months. The prints obtained by piezoelectric and thermal ink jet technologies were used in the researches. The dye-based inks and the pigmented inks based on water and the low solvent inks were used. The results of these researches, except the scientific contribution in the domain of understanding and explaining the environmental conditions on the gamut size, i.e. the range of color tonality, colorimetric stability and print quality, can be used by the ink and paper manufacturers in new formulations, offer data for the printer producers for further production and evaluation of the position of their products.
The research results on the influence characteristics of graphic materials and conditions in prin... more The research results on the influence characteristics of graphic materials and conditions in printing on the print quality and efficiency of the recycling are presented in this paper. Research was carried out in the field of offset printing and digital printing based on electrophotography with liquid and solid toner. Comparing the results through the segment of gamut volume and the recycling efficiency of prints a certain correlation in which the variable conditions in the printing have an important role were noticed. Obtained results justify further research in the direction of environmentally friendly materials and processes across the lifecycle of graphic products, including the settings of industrial ecology and sustainability.
Journal of Imaging Science and Technology, May 1, 2005
ABSTRACT Optical properties of handsheets made from pulp resulting from deinking flotation of mul... more ABSTRACT Optical properties of handsheets made from pulp resulting from deinking flotation of multicolored and desaturated prints from digital and conventional offset printing have been observed. The prints were made on different models of digital offset machines. One series of prints was naturally aged for the period of one year and the other was accelerated aged in a climatic chamber. The results show that the model of the printing machine, even with the same technology, can affect the size of particles and the optical properties of the handsheet. The quality of deinking pulp and the efficacy of the ink removal in relation to the optical parameters such as brightness, reflectance in the determined areas of wavelengths and color are discussed in this work.
The image processing and analysis are interesting methods for determining the number of the resid... more The image processing and analysis are interesting methods for determining the number of the residual dirt specks within the defined size classes and the area they occupy in handsheets produced from fibers in different phases of the paper recycling process or produced on the paper. Dirt specks include the ink particles in the deinked pulp. In this study, prints from digital offset printing technique based on Indigo electrophotography were used for recycling. In printing process the voltage levels on the photoreceptor drum were 300V and 600V respectively. Printing substrate was the mat fine art paper of different basis weights. Effects of artificial ageing, flotation process and paper side were also studied. Residual ink size, number and area of ink particles were assessed with two image analysis systems - Spec*Scan, Apogee System and Proton. Results of a full factorial 25 experimental design from measurements obtained by Spec*Scan are presented with a special emphasis on influential ...
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