در این پژوهش، ماده پیشنهادی پرمنگنات پتاسیم به عنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای مالاشیت سبز در کنترل آلو... more در این پژوهش، ماده پیشنهادی پرمنگنات پتاسیم به عنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای مالاشیت سبز در کنترل آلودگی های قارچی تخم ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و با نتایج حاصل از مالاشیت سبز که به طور معمول برای ضد عفونی به کار می رود مقایسه شد. در این پروژه یک تیمار (پرمنگنات پتاسیم) و گروه شاهد (مالاشت سبز) هر کدام با سه تکرار، مورد تحقیق قرار گرفته شد. سطوح مورد استفاده برای دارو ها عبارت بود از; پرمنگنات پتاسیم: 240 میلی گرم و گروه شاهد (مالاشیت سبز): 200 میلی گرم. زمان غوطه وری در محلول 30 دقیقه تعیین شد. در این تحقیق، تخم های مورد نظر تا مرحله تفریخ شدن تخم ها تحت نظر قرار گرفته شدند و در پایان شاخص درصد تلفات لحظه ای و درصد تلفات تجمعی در تیمارها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که مالاشیت سبز در مقایسه با پرمنگنات پتاسیم بهترین گزینه برای ضدعفونی است.
Diazinon is an effective insecticide for the control of herbaceous pests and one of the most comm... more Diazinon is an effective insecticide for the control of herbaceous pests and one of the most commonly used pesticide in the agricultural enterprises near to Urmia Lake. In spite of this fact, no information regarding the effects of this pesticide on the survival rate of brine ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidants, including vitamin C, chitos... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidants, including vitamin C, chitosan or a combination of both, on oxidative stress markers in muscles, as edible tissues of fish, exposed to paraquat. Fish exposed to 0.02 mg/L paraquat for 21 days were fed different diets: a normal diet, a diet containing chitosan (1000 mg/kg diet), a diet with vitamin C (1000 mg/kg diet) or both vitamin C and chitosan. Oxidative stress markers, including the activity of catalase, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as biochemical parameters including the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), were measured in muscles. Fish exposure to paraquat increased LDH, CPK, catalase and MDA activity significantly, while it significantly decreased AST, ALT and AChE activity and total antioxidant capacity in muscles. Administration of vitamin C, combined...
If the dose and duration of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) supplementation optimize, low conce... more If the dose and duration of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) supplementation optimize, low concentrations of Zn nanoparticles can replace conventional Zn sources in diets of different species of fish. Since evaluating the cytotoxicity of any nutritional supplement is one of the requirements for optimizing the dose for a specified time, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of oral administration of ZnO-NPs on oxidative stress and certain biochemical biomarkers in common carp, Cyprinus carpio , as an experimental model. For this purpose, ZnO-NPs were orally administered to fish for 21 days at 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mg kg -1 feed. Administration of ZnO-NPs (15 mg kg -1 ) significantly enhanced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydro-genase (LDH) activities in liver, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and LDH activities in kidney. Dietary ZnO-NPs increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in liver of fish. Th...
Using of phytobiotics as fish feed additives have been interestingly increased during the recent ... more Using of phytobiotics as fish feed additives have been interestingly increased during the recent decade. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of individual and combined level of thyme and vitamin E in common carp. Juveniles were separately fed by four distinct diets including control (commercial diet without any additive), supplemented with 1% ground Shirazi thyme, supplemented with 100 mg/kg vitamin E and a mixture of Shirazi thyme and vitamin E (TE) with mentioned concentrations for 45 days. Sampling was done at 15, 30 and 45 days after feeding trial duration and some growth and plasma biochemical parameters were evaluated. The individual thyme supplementation significantly increased weight gain (%), feed conversion efficiency and decreased feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Plasma enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) were not affected in all experimental groups. Comparing to the control, triglyceride and glucose were significantly elevated in TE complex at all sampl...
ZnO-NPs, like other macromolecule sources, may provide the fish with sufficient amounts of zinc a... more ZnO-NPs, like other macromolecule sources, may provide the fish with sufficient amounts of zinc and be effective in regulating the biochemical function of cells in organisms. This study aimed to assess the possibility of using nanoparticles in common carp diet by evaluating alterations in blood biochemical parameters, as a clinical marker of fish health. In this study, fish were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mg kg -1 ZnO-NPs for 21 days. The results showed that after 21 days admiration of ZnO-NPs, 10 and 15 mg kg -1 concentrations significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels in plasma of fish ( P 0.05). In conclusion, the results showed that diets containing high concentrations of ZnO-NPs supplement (10 and 15 mg) is caused severe cytotoxic effects, including changes in blood biochemical parameters. The primary toxic mechanism of ZnO-NPs was possibly increasing the cellular oxid...
Aflatoxins are a group of secondary fungal metabolites that occur widely in natural contaminants ... more Aflatoxins are a group of secondary fungal metabolites that occur widely in natural contaminants of many feeds under high humidity and temperature, and are potentially dangerous to fish. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of aflatoxins on some plasma biochemical indices, as clinical biomarkers, in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed diets contaminated with 0 (control), 0.5, 0.7 and 1.4 mg aflatoxins per kg feed for 3 weeks. No significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in plasma of fish. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total protein and globulin levels in fish fed aflatoxins showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease; however, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. The results showed that administration of 0.70 and 1.40 mg kg-1 of ...
Fish exposure to agrochemicals can suppress their immune system and survival. Therefore, this stu... more Fish exposure to agrochemicals can suppress their immune system and survival. Therefore, this study investigates adverse effects of sublethal concentrations of Dimethoate alone or combined with Bacilar (an organophosphorus pesticide and bio-fertilizer) on the innate immune parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio , within 14 days. No significant changes were found in levels of total protein, immunoglobulin, the activity of lysozyme and complement C3 in fish exposed to Bacilar alone; however, globulin and complement C4 level indicated a significant reduction. Fish exposure to Dimethoate alone or combined with Bacilar resulted in a decrease in the activity of ACH50, lysozyme, complement C3, C4 and levels of total protein, globulin, and immunoglobulin in compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that innate immune parameters decreased in fish exposed to dimethoate and/or Bacilar. As consequences: Dimethoate or/and Bacilar have the immunosuppress...
The current study was done to investigate the preclinical safety and toxicology of Althaea offici... more The current study was done to investigate the preclinical safety and toxicology of Althaea officinalis extract as naturopathic medicine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Specimens were treated with 0 (control), 2.5, 5 and 10 g of marshmallow extract for 45 days. Plasma biochemical parameters were measured after 15 and 45 days. Total protein, albumin and globulin levels (p >0.05). During the experimental period, triglyceride levels noticeably decreased in fish fed with 2.5 g of A. officinalis extract (p <0.05). Although, administration of marshmallow extract up to 5 g per kg of feed did not show any side effect on fishes, the use of the A. officinalis extract (10 g) led to cytotoxicity and modifications in blood biochemical parameters of fish. Therefore, we recommend the use of the lower concentrations than 10 g A. officinalis extract in prospective clinical studies.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin-contaminated diet on histopathological alte... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin-contaminated diet on histopathological alterations of the gill, liver, kidney and intestine tissues in common carp. Fish were randomly distributed into 15 tanks, i.e. in five experimental groups; (I) control fed with normal diet without solvent and aflatoxin, (II) positive control received feed with only solvent, and (III-V) fed on diets containing 0.5, 0.7 and 1.4 mg kg -1 of aflatoxin, respectively. After 21-days, 12 fish per treatment were randomly caught, anesthetized and euthanized. Then, histological sections of the tissues were prepared. The main aflatoxicosis symptoms in the gills were fusion and disorganisation of the secondary gill lamellae, shortening of the secondary lamellae, inflammation of mucous membranes, and exfoliation of the gill epithelium. Liver of the infected fish indicated cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, cellular hypertrophy, formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and necrosis of liver parenchyma. Expans...
در این پژوهش، ماده پیشنهادی پرمنگنات پتاسیم به عنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای مالاشیت سبز در کنترل آلو... more در این پژوهش، ماده پیشنهادی پرمنگنات پتاسیم به عنوان جایگزینی مناسب برای مالاشیت سبز در کنترل آلودگی های قارچی تخم ماهی قزل آلای رنگین کمان مورد آزمایش قرار گرفت و با نتایج حاصل از مالاشیت سبز که به طور معمول برای ضد عفونی به کار می رود مقایسه شد. در این پروژه یک تیمار (پرمنگنات پتاسیم) و گروه شاهد (مالاشت سبز) هر کدام با سه تکرار، مورد تحقیق قرار گرفته شد. سطوح مورد استفاده برای دارو ها عبارت بود از; پرمنگنات پتاسیم: 240 میلی گرم و گروه شاهد (مالاشیت سبز): 200 میلی گرم. زمان غوطه وری در محلول 30 دقیقه تعیین شد. در این تحقیق، تخم های مورد نظر تا مرحله تفریخ شدن تخم ها تحت نظر قرار گرفته شدند و در پایان شاخص درصد تلفات لحظه ای و درصد تلفات تجمعی در تیمارها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته شد. نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد که مالاشیت سبز در مقایسه با پرمنگنات پتاسیم بهترین گزینه برای ضدعفونی است.
Diazinon is an effective insecticide for the control of herbaceous pests and one of the most comm... more Diazinon is an effective insecticide for the control of herbaceous pests and one of the most commonly used pesticide in the agricultural enterprises near to Urmia Lake. In spite of this fact, no information regarding the effects of this pesticide on the survival rate of brine ...
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidants, including vitamin C, chitos... more The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of antioxidants, including vitamin C, chitosan or a combination of both, on oxidative stress markers in muscles, as edible tissues of fish, exposed to paraquat. Fish exposed to 0.02 mg/L paraquat for 21 days were fed different diets: a normal diet, a diet containing chitosan (1000 mg/kg diet), a diet with vitamin C (1000 mg/kg diet) or both vitamin C and chitosan. Oxidative stress markers, including the activity of catalase, total antioxidant and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as biochemical parameters including the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), creatine phosphokinase (CPK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE), were measured in muscles. Fish exposure to paraquat increased LDH, CPK, catalase and MDA activity significantly, while it significantly decreased AST, ALT and AChE activity and total antioxidant capacity in muscles. Administration of vitamin C, combined...
If the dose and duration of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) supplementation optimize, low conce... more If the dose and duration of zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO-NPs) supplementation optimize, low concentrations of Zn nanoparticles can replace conventional Zn sources in diets of different species of fish. Since evaluating the cytotoxicity of any nutritional supplement is one of the requirements for optimizing the dose for a specified time, we conducted this study to investigate the effects of oral administration of ZnO-NPs on oxidative stress and certain biochemical biomarkers in common carp, Cyprinus carpio , as an experimental model. For this purpose, ZnO-NPs were orally administered to fish for 21 days at 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mg kg -1 feed. Administration of ZnO-NPs (15 mg kg -1 ) significantly enhanced aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydro-genase (LDH) activities in liver, and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and LDH activities in kidney. Dietary ZnO-NPs increased glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity in liver of fish. Th...
Using of phytobiotics as fish feed additives have been interestingly increased during the recent ... more Using of phytobiotics as fish feed additives have been interestingly increased during the recent decade. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of individual and combined level of thyme and vitamin E in common carp. Juveniles were separately fed by four distinct diets including control (commercial diet without any additive), supplemented with 1% ground Shirazi thyme, supplemented with 100 mg/kg vitamin E and a mixture of Shirazi thyme and vitamin E (TE) with mentioned concentrations for 45 days. Sampling was done at 15, 30 and 45 days after feeding trial duration and some growth and plasma biochemical parameters were evaluated. The individual thyme supplementation significantly increased weight gain (%), feed conversion efficiency and decreased feed conversion ratio (P<0.05). Plasma enzymes (AST, ALT, ALP and LDH) were not affected in all experimental groups. Comparing to the control, triglyceride and glucose were significantly elevated in TE complex at all sampl...
ZnO-NPs, like other macromolecule sources, may provide the fish with sufficient amounts of zinc a... more ZnO-NPs, like other macromolecule sources, may provide the fish with sufficient amounts of zinc and be effective in regulating the biochemical function of cells in organisms. This study aimed to assess the possibility of using nanoparticles in common carp diet by evaluating alterations in blood biochemical parameters, as a clinical marker of fish health. In this study, fish were fed diets supplemented with 0 (control), 5, 10 and 15 mg kg -1 ZnO-NPs for 21 days. The results showed that after 21 days admiration of ZnO-NPs, 10 and 15 mg kg -1 concentrations significantly increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity and glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels in plasma of fish ( P 0.05). In conclusion, the results showed that diets containing high concentrations of ZnO-NPs supplement (10 and 15 mg) is caused severe cytotoxic effects, including changes in blood biochemical parameters. The primary toxic mechanism of ZnO-NPs was possibly increasing the cellular oxid...
Aflatoxins are a group of secondary fungal metabolites that occur widely in natural contaminants ... more Aflatoxins are a group of secondary fungal metabolites that occur widely in natural contaminants of many feeds under high humidity and temperature, and are potentially dangerous to fish. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effects of aflatoxins on some plasma biochemical indices, as clinical biomarkers, in common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Fish were fed diets contaminated with 0 (control), 0.5, 0.7 and 1.4 mg aflatoxins per kg feed for 3 weeks. No significant changes (P > 0.05) were observed in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity in plasma of fish. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, total protein and globulin levels in fish fed aflatoxins showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease; however, plasma aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride and creatinine levels were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. The results showed that administration of 0.70 and 1.40 mg kg-1 of ...
Fish exposure to agrochemicals can suppress their immune system and survival. Therefore, this stu... more Fish exposure to agrochemicals can suppress their immune system and survival. Therefore, this study investigates adverse effects of sublethal concentrations of Dimethoate alone or combined with Bacilar (an organophosphorus pesticide and bio-fertilizer) on the innate immune parameters of common carp, Cyprinus carpio , within 14 days. No significant changes were found in levels of total protein, immunoglobulin, the activity of lysozyme and complement C3 in fish exposed to Bacilar alone; however, globulin and complement C4 level indicated a significant reduction. Fish exposure to Dimethoate alone or combined with Bacilar resulted in a decrease in the activity of ACH50, lysozyme, complement C3, C4 and levels of total protein, globulin, and immunoglobulin in compared with the control group. In conclusion, the results of this study showed that innate immune parameters decreased in fish exposed to dimethoate and/or Bacilar. As consequences: Dimethoate or/and Bacilar have the immunosuppress...
The current study was done to investigate the preclinical safety and toxicology of Althaea offici... more The current study was done to investigate the preclinical safety and toxicology of Althaea officinalis extract as naturopathic medicine in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Specimens were treated with 0 (control), 2.5, 5 and 10 g of marshmallow extract for 45 days. Plasma biochemical parameters were measured after 15 and 45 days. Total protein, albumin and globulin levels (p >0.05). During the experimental period, triglyceride levels noticeably decreased in fish fed with 2.5 g of A. officinalis extract (p <0.05). Although, administration of marshmallow extract up to 5 g per kg of feed did not show any side effect on fishes, the use of the A. officinalis extract (10 g) led to cytotoxicity and modifications in blood biochemical parameters of fish. Therefore, we recommend the use of the lower concentrations than 10 g A. officinalis extract in prospective clinical studies.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin-contaminated diet on histopathological alte... more This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aflatoxin-contaminated diet on histopathological alterations of the gill, liver, kidney and intestine tissues in common carp. Fish were randomly distributed into 15 tanks, i.e. in five experimental groups; (I) control fed with normal diet without solvent and aflatoxin, (II) positive control received feed with only solvent, and (III-V) fed on diets containing 0.5, 0.7 and 1.4 mg kg -1 of aflatoxin, respectively. After 21-days, 12 fish per treatment were randomly caught, anesthetized and euthanized. Then, histological sections of the tissues were prepared. The main aflatoxicosis symptoms in the gills were fusion and disorganisation of the secondary gill lamellae, shortening of the secondary lamellae, inflammation of mucous membranes, and exfoliation of the gill epithelium. Liver of the infected fish indicated cloudy swelling of hepatocytes, cellular hypertrophy, formation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm, and necrosis of liver parenchyma. Expans...
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