Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, de... more Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, development and validation of alternative and sustainable biological strategies for controlling mosquitoes in their natural environments.Methods We assessed the predatory effect of Utricularia aurea, an aquatic carnivorous plant found in the Indian sub-continent, Japan, and Australia, on four instar (larval) stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus, in the laboratory and field settings.Results In the laboratory, within twelve hours, U. aurea predated ~ 95% of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the three mosquito species, ~ 80% of the 4th instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi and ~ 60% of 4th instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The predatory effect of U. aurea significantly varied among the three mosquito species and their instar stages. The effect of U. aurea on the instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus differed significantly from that on the instars of Ae. aegypti ...
Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent... more Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent hypnozoites, have been hampered by the limited availability of P. vivax sporozoites. Anopheles stephensi is a major urban malaria vector in Goa and elsewhere in South Asia. Using P. vivax patient blood samples, a series of standard membrane-feeding experiments were performed with An. stephensi under the US NIH International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) for Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA). The goal was to understand the dynamics of parasite development in mosquitoes as well as the production of P. vivax sporozoites. To obtain a robust supply of P. vivax sporozoites, mosquito-rearing and mosquito membrane-feeding techniques were optimized, which are described here. Methods Membrane-feeding experiments were conducted using both wild and laboratory-colonized An. stephensi mosquitoes and patient-derived P. vivax collected at the Goa Medical College and Hospital. P...
Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-co... more Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-colonized An. stephensi.
Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies sugges... more Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies suggest that estimates of malaria are useful to rationalize interventions and track their impact. Hence, a national study was launched to estimate burden of malaria in India in 2015. Methods For sampling, all 624 districts of India were grouped in three Annual Parasite Incidence (cases per thousand population) categories, < two (low); two-five (moderate) and > five (high) API. Using probability proportional to size (PPS) method, two districts from each stratum were selected covering randomly 200,000 persons per district. Active surveillance was strengthened with 40 trained workers per study district. Data on malaria cases and deaths was collated from all health care providers i.e. pathological laboratories, private practitioners and hospitals in private and public health sectors and was used for analysis and burden estimation. Results Out of 1215,114 population under surveillance, 198,61...
The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four... more The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four mosquito tissues - midgut, Malpighian tubules, ovaries and fat body from female mosquitoes. To identify the proteins that were expressed in a tissue-specific manner, the four mosquito tissues were labelled with iTRAQ labels and analyzed using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Database searches of the 1,10,616 raw spectra from 23 peptide fractions resulted in the identification of 84,733 peptide spectrum matches corresponding to 16,278 peptides and 3372 proteins. Of these, 959 proteins were found to be differentially expressed across the tissues. Gene ontology-based bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed proteins are also provided in the article. The data in this article has been deposited in the (ProteomeXchange) Consortium via the PRIDE repository and can be accessed through the accession ID, PXD001128.
This article contains data on the proteins expressed in the ovaries of , a major vector of malari... more This article contains data on the proteins expressed in the ovaries of , a major vector of malaria in India. Data acquisition was performed using a high-resolution Orbitrap-Velos mass spectrometer. The acquired MS/MS data was searched against protein database comprising of 11,789 sequences. Overall, 4407 proteins were identified, functional analysis was performed for the identified proteins and a protein-protein interaction map predicted. The data provided here is also related to a published article - "Integrating transcriptomics and proteomics data for accurate assembly and annotation of genomes" (Prasad et al., 2017) [1].
As much as 80% of global Plasmodium vivax infections occur in South Asia and there is a shortage ... more As much as 80% of global Plasmodium vivax infections occur in South Asia and there is a shortage of direct studies on infectivity of P. vivax in Anopheles stephensi, the most common urban mosquito carrying human malaria. In this quest, the possible effects of laboratory colonization of mosquitoes on infectivity and development of P. vivax is of interest given that colonized mosquitoes can be genetically less divergent than the field population from which they originated. Patient-derived P. vivax infected blood was fed to age-matched wild and colonized An. stephensi. Such a comparison requires coordinated availability of same-age wild and colonized mosquito populations. Here, P. vivax infection are studied in colonized An. stephensi in their 66th-86th generation and fresh field-caught An. stephensi. Wild mosquitoes were caught as larvae and pupae and allowed to develop into adult mosquitoes in the insectary. Parasite development to oocyst and sporozoite stages were assessed on days 7...
Liston is one of the major vectors of malaria in urban areas of India. Midgut plays a central rol... more Liston is one of the major vectors of malaria in urban areas of India. Midgut plays a central role in the vector life cycle and transmission of malaria. Because gene expression of midgut has not been investigated at protein level, an unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of midgut tissue was carried out. Midgut tissue proteins from female mosquitoes were extracted using 0.5% SDS and digested with trypsin using two complementary approaches, in-gel and in-solution digestion. Fractions were analysed on high-resolution mass spectrometer, which resulted in acquisition of 494,960 MS/MS spectra. The MS/MS spectra were searched against protein database comprising of known and predicted proteins reported in using Sequest and Mascot software. In all, 47,438 peptides were identified corresponding to 5,709 proteins. The identified proteins were functionally categorized based on their cellular localization, biological processes and molecular functions using Gene Ontology (GO) annot...
Omics : a journal of integrative biology, Sep 5, 2017
Malaria remains a grand challenge for disruptive innovation in global health therapeutics and dia... more Malaria remains a grand challenge for disruptive innovation in global health therapeutics and diagnostics. Anopheles stephensi is one of the major vectors of malaria in Asia. Vector and transmission control are key focus areas in the fight against malaria, a field of postgenomics research where proteomics can play a substantive role. Moreover, to identify novel strategies to control the vector population, it is necessary to understand the vector life processes at a global and molecular scale. In this context, fat body is a vital organ required for vitellogenesis, vector immunity, vector physiology, and vector-parasite interaction. Given its central role in energy metabolism, vitellogenesis, and immune function, the proteome profile of the fat body and the impact of blood meal (BM) ingestion on the protein abundances of this vital organ have not been investigated so far. Therefore, using a proteomics approach, we identified the proteins expressed in the fat body of An. stephensi and ...
In global efforts to track mosquito infectivity and parasite elimination, controlled mosquito-fee... more In global efforts to track mosquito infectivity and parasite elimination, controlled mosquito-feeding experiments can help in understanding the dynamics of parasite development in vectors. Anopheles stephensi is often accepted as the major urban malaria vector that transmits Plasmodium in Goa and elsewhere in South Asia. However, much needs to be learned about the interactions of Plasmodium vivax with An. stephensi. As a component of the US NIH International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) for Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA), a series of membrane-feeding experiments with wild An. stephensi and P. vivax were carried out to better understand this vector-parasite interaction. Wild An. stephensi larvae and pupae were collected from curing water in construction sites in the city of Ponda, Goa, India. The larvae and pupae were reared at the MESA ICEMR insectary within the National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) field unit in Goa until they emerged into adult...
Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, de... more Background The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration, development and validation of alternative and sustainable biological strategies for controlling mosquitoes in their natural environments.Methods We assessed the predatory effect of Utricularia aurea, an aquatic carnivorous plant found in the Indian sub-continent, Japan, and Australia, on four instar (larval) stages of Aedes aegypti, Anopheles stephensi, and Culex quinquefasciatus, in the laboratory and field settings.Results In the laboratory, within twelve hours, U. aurea predated ~ 95% of the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd instars of the three mosquito species, ~ 80% of the 4th instars of Ae. aegypti and An. stephensi and ~ 60% of 4th instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The predatory effect of U. aurea significantly varied among the three mosquito species and their instar stages. The effect of U. aurea on the instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus differed significantly from that on the instars of Ae. aegypti ...
Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent... more Background Efforts to study the biology of Plasmodium vivax liver stages, particularly the latent hypnozoites, have been hampered by the limited availability of P. vivax sporozoites. Anopheles stephensi is a major urban malaria vector in Goa and elsewhere in South Asia. Using P. vivax patient blood samples, a series of standard membrane-feeding experiments were performed with An. stephensi under the US NIH International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) for Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA). The goal was to understand the dynamics of parasite development in mosquitoes as well as the production of P. vivax sporozoites. To obtain a robust supply of P. vivax sporozoites, mosquito-rearing and mosquito membrane-feeding techniques were optimized, which are described here. Methods Membrane-feeding experiments were conducted using both wild and laboratory-colonized An. stephensi mosquitoes and patient-derived P. vivax collected at the Goa Medical College and Hospital. P...
Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-co... more Additional file 2: Fig. S1. Effect of serum replacement on mosquito feeding rate of laboratory-colonized An. stephensi.
Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies sugges... more Background India has launched the malaria elimination initiative in February 2016. Studies suggest that estimates of malaria are useful to rationalize interventions and track their impact. Hence, a national study was launched to estimate burden of malaria in India in 2015. Methods For sampling, all 624 districts of India were grouped in three Annual Parasite Incidence (cases per thousand population) categories, < two (low); two-five (moderate) and > five (high) API. Using probability proportional to size (PPS) method, two districts from each stratum were selected covering randomly 200,000 persons per district. Active surveillance was strengthened with 40 trained workers per study district. Data on malaria cases and deaths was collated from all health care providers i.e. pathological laboratories, private practitioners and hospitals in private and public health sectors and was used for analysis and burden estimation. Results Out of 1215,114 population under surveillance, 198,61...
The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four... more The data presented in this article is associated with the quantitative proteomic analysis of four mosquito tissues - midgut, Malpighian tubules, ovaries and fat body from female mosquitoes. To identify the proteins that were expressed in a tissue-specific manner, the four mosquito tissues were labelled with iTRAQ labels and analyzed using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. Database searches of the 1,10,616 raw spectra from 23 peptide fractions resulted in the identification of 84,733 peptide spectrum matches corresponding to 16,278 peptides and 3372 proteins. Of these, 959 proteins were found to be differentially expressed across the tissues. Gene ontology-based bioinformatic analysis of the differentially expressed proteins are also provided in the article. The data in this article has been deposited in the (ProteomeXchange) Consortium via the PRIDE repository and can be accessed through the accession ID, PXD001128.
This article contains data on the proteins expressed in the ovaries of , a major vector of malari... more This article contains data on the proteins expressed in the ovaries of , a major vector of malaria in India. Data acquisition was performed using a high-resolution Orbitrap-Velos mass spectrometer. The acquired MS/MS data was searched against protein database comprising of 11,789 sequences. Overall, 4407 proteins were identified, functional analysis was performed for the identified proteins and a protein-protein interaction map predicted. The data provided here is also related to a published article - "Integrating transcriptomics and proteomics data for accurate assembly and annotation of genomes" (Prasad et al., 2017) [1].
As much as 80% of global Plasmodium vivax infections occur in South Asia and there is a shortage ... more As much as 80% of global Plasmodium vivax infections occur in South Asia and there is a shortage of direct studies on infectivity of P. vivax in Anopheles stephensi, the most common urban mosquito carrying human malaria. In this quest, the possible effects of laboratory colonization of mosquitoes on infectivity and development of P. vivax is of interest given that colonized mosquitoes can be genetically less divergent than the field population from which they originated. Patient-derived P. vivax infected blood was fed to age-matched wild and colonized An. stephensi. Such a comparison requires coordinated availability of same-age wild and colonized mosquito populations. Here, P. vivax infection are studied in colonized An. stephensi in their 66th-86th generation and fresh field-caught An. stephensi. Wild mosquitoes were caught as larvae and pupae and allowed to develop into adult mosquitoes in the insectary. Parasite development to oocyst and sporozoite stages were assessed on days 7...
Liston is one of the major vectors of malaria in urban areas of India. Midgut plays a central rol... more Liston is one of the major vectors of malaria in urban areas of India. Midgut plays a central role in the vector life cycle and transmission of malaria. Because gene expression of midgut has not been investigated at protein level, an unbiased mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of midgut tissue was carried out. Midgut tissue proteins from female mosquitoes were extracted using 0.5% SDS and digested with trypsin using two complementary approaches, in-gel and in-solution digestion. Fractions were analysed on high-resolution mass spectrometer, which resulted in acquisition of 494,960 MS/MS spectra. The MS/MS spectra were searched against protein database comprising of known and predicted proteins reported in using Sequest and Mascot software. In all, 47,438 peptides were identified corresponding to 5,709 proteins. The identified proteins were functionally categorized based on their cellular localization, biological processes and molecular functions using Gene Ontology (GO) annot...
Omics : a journal of integrative biology, Sep 5, 2017
Malaria remains a grand challenge for disruptive innovation in global health therapeutics and dia... more Malaria remains a grand challenge for disruptive innovation in global health therapeutics and diagnostics. Anopheles stephensi is one of the major vectors of malaria in Asia. Vector and transmission control are key focus areas in the fight against malaria, a field of postgenomics research where proteomics can play a substantive role. Moreover, to identify novel strategies to control the vector population, it is necessary to understand the vector life processes at a global and molecular scale. In this context, fat body is a vital organ required for vitellogenesis, vector immunity, vector physiology, and vector-parasite interaction. Given its central role in energy metabolism, vitellogenesis, and immune function, the proteome profile of the fat body and the impact of blood meal (BM) ingestion on the protein abundances of this vital organ have not been investigated so far. Therefore, using a proteomics approach, we identified the proteins expressed in the fat body of An. stephensi and ...
In global efforts to track mosquito infectivity and parasite elimination, controlled mosquito-fee... more In global efforts to track mosquito infectivity and parasite elimination, controlled mosquito-feeding experiments can help in understanding the dynamics of parasite development in vectors. Anopheles stephensi is often accepted as the major urban malaria vector that transmits Plasmodium in Goa and elsewhere in South Asia. However, much needs to be learned about the interactions of Plasmodium vivax with An. stephensi. As a component of the US NIH International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research (ICEMR) for Malaria Evolution in South Asia (MESA), a series of membrane-feeding experiments with wild An. stephensi and P. vivax were carried out to better understand this vector-parasite interaction. Wild An. stephensi larvae and pupae were collected from curing water in construction sites in the city of Ponda, Goa, India. The larvae and pupae were reared at the MESA ICEMR insectary within the National Institute of Malaria Research (NIMR) field unit in Goa until they emerged into adult...
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