Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2020
Global pollution due to the overwhelming usage of non-biodegradable plastics is getting severe no... more Global pollution due to the overwhelming usage of non-biodegradable plastics is getting severe nowadays. Hence, the aim of this paper is to develop an environmentally friendly composite material from potato starch and sugarcane bagasse. The composites were prepared by hot pressing at 145? for 60 min. The composites were characterize for their mechanical and thermal properties. In terms of thermal properties, thermogravimetric analysis shows that incorporation of sugarcane fiber has improved the thermal stability of the composites. Meanwhile, incorporation of sugarcane fibre form 0 to 15 wt.% has significantly improved the tensile and flexural properties of the composites. Scanning electron micrograph of the tensile fracture showed the fibre fracture and fibre “pull-out” from the composite. Overall, the biodegradable composites has shown improved functional characteristic than the origin material. This finding shows that this Sugarcane/Potato starch composites are potential alternati...
The most modern technique utilized to create intricate and complexly manufactured parts for a var... more The most modern technique utilized to create intricate and complexly manufactured parts for a variety of applications is called additive manufacturing (AM). Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has received the greatest attention in the development and manufacturing sectors. The main objective of this study was to investigate how printing factors affected the mechanical characteristics of printed samples. Samples were produced using an FDM 3D printer in compliance with ASTM D638 using a variety of input settings, including orientation, layer thickness, speed, and infill pattern. On the printed samples, tensile tests and morphological analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were done. The findings of this study demonstrate that factors including layer thickness, printing speed, and orientation significantly affect the tensile strength of ABS printed samples. Discovering the process settings that could lead to superior mechanical and physical characteristics would undoubtedly a...
ABS filament remains an important feeding material for fused deposition manufacturing (FDM). Howe... more ABS filament remains an important feeding material for fused deposition manufacturing (FDM). However, ABS tends to experience warping after printing. The current paper investigates the effect of hBN fill on rheology property and diameter of ABS extrudate. ABS filled hBN composite was prepared by a facile solution mixing method. Rheological characterisation by capillary rheometer shows that ABS filled 5 wt% hBN composite exhibited a higher shear viscosity than the pure ABS. hBN addition appears to increase the shear viscosity of ABS by 62% at the shear rate of 200 s-1, but the increase was reduced to 20% at 1000 s-1. ABS-hBN extrudate surface microstructure deteriorated lesser than ABS extrudate when the shear rate increased up to 1000s-1. SEM micrograph of ABS-hBN extrudate’s surface exhibited less sharkskin feature but its swell percentage is 5.4% higher than the ABS extrudate. The addition of hBN fillers resulted in higher shear viscosity and percentage of ABS die swell but exhibi...
The purpose of this study is to select the best design concept of manual wheelchair for elderly. ... more The purpose of this study is to select the best design concept of manual wheelchair for elderly. The plight of the elderly people is often overlooked and not given attention by the public. A study has been carried out to identify the problems that encountered by elderlies during transferring from or into a wheelchair besides, to improve the design of the existing wheelchair that will reduce physical fatigue and enhance independence or ability among elderly. The case study was done at Old Folks Home, Rumah Seri Kenangan Cheng, Melaka. A new design of manual wheelchair that designated special for elderlies is developed and fabricated. Therefore, in developing the best design of wheelchair, an approach so called Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied in this study. There are five design concepts have developed which are D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5. Through the application of AHP the result shows the best design concept is D5 with the highest value, which is 0.275 (27.5%). Hence...
This paper presents the study design analysis for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) of a baby strol... more This paper presents the study design analysis for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) of a baby stroller (Sweet Cherry SCR8 Series) in the aspect of part for manufacturing, assembly process and also handling and insertion difficulties. The problem identified in this study is on the features of the stroller that show a lot of fastener being used and also the usage of both hands in moving the fold latch to fold the stroller. The study has proven to save assembly time by 452.29s which is 23% more efficient than the original design. The number of parts reduced from 179 parts to be 149 parts. The DFA index is also improved from 9.6 to 12.6. The advantages of using DFMA method has been proved in the redesign of the baby stroller. Lastly, the analyzed results are discussed at the end of this research.
The spine is a part of our body which is very important but often neglected.Sometimes because of ... more The spine is a part of our body which is very important but often neglected.Sometimes because of our own mistakes,the damage or injury in the spine will cause a variety of problems that have to be borne.Therefore,the objective of this research is to develop a device that is able to warn by triggering people about the position of the spine body if the hunch exceed the critical level by vibration.This device is environmentally friendly and small in size.In the process of making 'Anti Hunchback Device’,observations have been made against those who tend towards the hunchback problems.Taking data from the user by questionnaire and using product design and development method to produce this device.This device will be a useful solution to address the problem of bone bent at an early stage of the spine disease,restoring a healthy posture health care for the long term and also save money from health spending for the foreseeable future.
This paper presents the comprehensive soap making device that can make soap from used cooking oil... more This paper presents the comprehensive soap making device that can make soap from used cooking oil. The cooking oil can be converted to soap by using the mixture of used cooking oil, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets, water and scented oil. The experiment was conducted to prove it. By having this right device, it will help users to carry out this converting used cooking oil to become a soap process more easily. They do not need to do this process manually. It can be used at a kitchen in every house. This device designed to raise the awareness the importance of recycling the cooking oil. Surveys has conducted with 50 public respondent, especially house wife. From the survey, it can be concluded that there are many people who dispose the used cooking oil to the place where should not be. The main objective of this paper is to discuss how to design a device to make soap from used cooking oil, to develop a functional prototype of soap making device from used cooking oil for home appliances...
Ergonomics and design have made the greatest relation in producing an artifact or creating a work... more Ergonomics and design have made the greatest relation in producing an artifact or creating a workplace. A computer table is widely used in classrooms in universities. However, the problems of the current computer table have been detected through the results of RULA analysis. In this project, a survey of the questionnaire was done and the anthropometric data have also been collected. The dimensions of the current computer table are then collected and the deficiencies of the current computer table have been focused on RULA analysis. A new structural design of the computer table has been designed, in order to meet the requirements of ergonomics. A product of the new design of ergonomics computer table is made and has been focused on RULA analysis to define the improvement between both tables. The paper showed a comparison between the current computer table and the new ergonomics computer table were analyzed. The improvement of the new ergonomics computer table was identified and reduce...
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is capable of producing complicated geometries and a variety of t... more Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is capable of producing complicated geometries and a variety of thermoplastic or composite products. Thus, it is critical to carry out the relationship between the process parameters, the finished part’s quality, and the part’s mechanical performance. In this study, the optimum printing parameters of FDM using oil palm fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites were investigated. The layer thickness, orientation, infill density, and printing speed were selected as optimization parameters. The mechanical properties of printed specimens were examined using tensile and flexural tests. The experiments were designed using a Taguchi experimental design using a L9 orthogonal array with four factors, and three levels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant parameter or factor that influences the responses, including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and flexural strength. The fractured surface of printed parts was investigate using...
1 Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Ha... more 1 Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka, Malaysia 2 Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka, Malaysia 3 Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 432400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
This paper presents a denture fabrication process by implementing the techniques used in the addi... more This paper presents a denture fabrication process by implementing the techniques used in the addictive manufacturing which is 3D printing technology involving reverse engineering method. A three dimensional scanner was used to obtain the surface data of the complete partial denture model that received from the dental clinic. The scanned data was refined using the Geomagic Studio and then converted to STL format for CAD and 3D printing application. The complete dentures design was converted to STL format for production of the product using the Projet HD 1000 machine which is one of the rapid prototyping (RP) technique. Cold cure acrylic resin (VERTEX, Castavaria) was used as the denture material on the gum section. On the teeth section, the composite resin will be applied to add an aesthetic value to the part. Then, the final dentures were polished and tested on an edentulous model to test the bite and adaptability. The finished denture has been test to ensure the adaptability and co...
Article history: Received 15 May 2019 Received in revised form 7 August 2019 Accepted 17 August 2... more Article history: Received 15 May 2019 Received in revised form 7 August 2019 Accepted 17 August 2019 Available online 26 September 2019 Vacuum casting is a modern technique in the casting technology. It is capable to cast the complex parts with low tooling cost and short time. Thus, in order to achieve the optimum result of casted parts the computer simulation was used in the analysis. So, this paper presents the study to analyze the flow of resin into the mould of five-axis impeller by vacuum casting process. Computer simulation was used to define critical parameters such as casting point location, flow temperature, average, flow velocity, air traps location and filling time. The Moldflow software was used as simulation tool to gain result of analysis. Polyurethane resin has been used as raw material to cast a five-axis impeller. Vacuum casting machine types KLM 1000A was selected and mould is made by silicone rubber mould (Axson-Essil291). Otherwise, pattern for impeller was fabri...
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new... more Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new composite materials to be introduced into the FDM process as long as they can be manufactured in feedstock filament form. The purpose of this research was to analyze the rheological behavior of oil palm fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites when used as a feedstock material, as well as to determine the best processing conditions for FDM. The composite’s shear thinning behavior was observed, and scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal its composition. The morphological result found that there was a good fiber/matrix adhesion with a 3 wt% fiber loading, as no fiber pullouts or gaps developed between the oil palm fiber and ABS. However, some pores and fiber pullouts were found with a 5 and 7 wt% fiber loading. Next, the rheological results showed that the increment of fiber content (wt%) increased the viscosity. This discovery can definitely be used in t...
Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2020
Global pollution due to the overwhelming usage of non-biodegradable plastics is getting severe no... more Global pollution due to the overwhelming usage of non-biodegradable plastics is getting severe nowadays. Hence, the aim of this paper is to develop an environmentally friendly composite material from potato starch and sugarcane bagasse. The composites were prepared by hot pressing at 145? for 60 min. The composites were characterize for their mechanical and thermal properties. In terms of thermal properties, thermogravimetric analysis shows that incorporation of sugarcane fiber has improved the thermal stability of the composites. Meanwhile, incorporation of sugarcane fibre form 0 to 15 wt.% has significantly improved the tensile and flexural properties of the composites. Scanning electron micrograph of the tensile fracture showed the fibre fracture and fibre “pull-out” from the composite. Overall, the biodegradable composites has shown improved functional characteristic than the origin material. This finding shows that this Sugarcane/Potato starch composites are potential alternati...
The most modern technique utilized to create intricate and complexly manufactured parts for a var... more The most modern technique utilized to create intricate and complexly manufactured parts for a variety of applications is called additive manufacturing (AM). Fused deposition modeling (FDM) has received the greatest attention in the development and manufacturing sectors. The main objective of this study was to investigate how printing factors affected the mechanical characteristics of printed samples. Samples were produced using an FDM 3D printer in compliance with ASTM D638 using a variety of input settings, including orientation, layer thickness, speed, and infill pattern. On the printed samples, tensile tests and morphological analysis using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) were done. The findings of this study demonstrate that factors including layer thickness, printing speed, and orientation significantly affect the tensile strength of ABS printed samples. Discovering the process settings that could lead to superior mechanical and physical characteristics would undoubtedly a...
ABS filament remains an important feeding material for fused deposition manufacturing (FDM). Howe... more ABS filament remains an important feeding material for fused deposition manufacturing (FDM). However, ABS tends to experience warping after printing. The current paper investigates the effect of hBN fill on rheology property and diameter of ABS extrudate. ABS filled hBN composite was prepared by a facile solution mixing method. Rheological characterisation by capillary rheometer shows that ABS filled 5 wt% hBN composite exhibited a higher shear viscosity than the pure ABS. hBN addition appears to increase the shear viscosity of ABS by 62% at the shear rate of 200 s-1, but the increase was reduced to 20% at 1000 s-1. ABS-hBN extrudate surface microstructure deteriorated lesser than ABS extrudate when the shear rate increased up to 1000s-1. SEM micrograph of ABS-hBN extrudate’s surface exhibited less sharkskin feature but its swell percentage is 5.4% higher than the ABS extrudate. The addition of hBN fillers resulted in higher shear viscosity and percentage of ABS die swell but exhibi...
The purpose of this study is to select the best design concept of manual wheelchair for elderly. ... more The purpose of this study is to select the best design concept of manual wheelchair for elderly. The plight of the elderly people is often overlooked and not given attention by the public. A study has been carried out to identify the problems that encountered by elderlies during transferring from or into a wheelchair besides, to improve the design of the existing wheelchair that will reduce physical fatigue and enhance independence or ability among elderly. The case study was done at Old Folks Home, Rumah Seri Kenangan Cheng, Melaka. A new design of manual wheelchair that designated special for elderlies is developed and fabricated. Therefore, in developing the best design of wheelchair, an approach so called Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is applied in this study. There are five design concepts have developed which are D1, D2, D3, D4 and D5. Through the application of AHP the result shows the best design concept is D5 with the highest value, which is 0.275 (27.5%). Hence...
This paper presents the study design analysis for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) of a baby strol... more This paper presents the study design analysis for manufacture and assembly (DFMA) of a baby stroller (Sweet Cherry SCR8 Series) in the aspect of part for manufacturing, assembly process and also handling and insertion difficulties. The problem identified in this study is on the features of the stroller that show a lot of fastener being used and also the usage of both hands in moving the fold latch to fold the stroller. The study has proven to save assembly time by 452.29s which is 23% more efficient than the original design. The number of parts reduced from 179 parts to be 149 parts. The DFA index is also improved from 9.6 to 12.6. The advantages of using DFMA method has been proved in the redesign of the baby stroller. Lastly, the analyzed results are discussed at the end of this research.
The spine is a part of our body which is very important but often neglected.Sometimes because of ... more The spine is a part of our body which is very important but often neglected.Sometimes because of our own mistakes,the damage or injury in the spine will cause a variety of problems that have to be borne.Therefore,the objective of this research is to develop a device that is able to warn by triggering people about the position of the spine body if the hunch exceed the critical level by vibration.This device is environmentally friendly and small in size.In the process of making 'Anti Hunchback Device’,observations have been made against those who tend towards the hunchback problems.Taking data from the user by questionnaire and using product design and development method to produce this device.This device will be a useful solution to address the problem of bone bent at an early stage of the spine disease,restoring a healthy posture health care for the long term and also save money from health spending for the foreseeable future.
This paper presents the comprehensive soap making device that can make soap from used cooking oil... more This paper presents the comprehensive soap making device that can make soap from used cooking oil. The cooking oil can be converted to soap by using the mixture of used cooking oil, sodium hydroxide (NaOH) pellets, water and scented oil. The experiment was conducted to prove it. By having this right device, it will help users to carry out this converting used cooking oil to become a soap process more easily. They do not need to do this process manually. It can be used at a kitchen in every house. This device designed to raise the awareness the importance of recycling the cooking oil. Surveys has conducted with 50 public respondent, especially house wife. From the survey, it can be concluded that there are many people who dispose the used cooking oil to the place where should not be. The main objective of this paper is to discuss how to design a device to make soap from used cooking oil, to develop a functional prototype of soap making device from used cooking oil for home appliances...
Ergonomics and design have made the greatest relation in producing an artifact or creating a work... more Ergonomics and design have made the greatest relation in producing an artifact or creating a workplace. A computer table is widely used in classrooms in universities. However, the problems of the current computer table have been detected through the results of RULA analysis. In this project, a survey of the questionnaire was done and the anthropometric data have also been collected. The dimensions of the current computer table are then collected and the deficiencies of the current computer table have been focused on RULA analysis. A new structural design of the computer table has been designed, in order to meet the requirements of ergonomics. A product of the new design of ergonomics computer table is made and has been focused on RULA analysis to define the improvement between both tables. The paper showed a comparison between the current computer table and the new ergonomics computer table were analyzed. The improvement of the new ergonomics computer table was identified and reduce...
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is capable of producing complicated geometries and a variety of t... more Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is capable of producing complicated geometries and a variety of thermoplastic or composite products. Thus, it is critical to carry out the relationship between the process parameters, the finished part’s quality, and the part’s mechanical performance. In this study, the optimum printing parameters of FDM using oil palm fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites were investigated. The layer thickness, orientation, infill density, and printing speed were selected as optimization parameters. The mechanical properties of printed specimens were examined using tensile and flexural tests. The experiments were designed using a Taguchi experimental design using a L9 orthogonal array with four factors, and three levels. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the significant parameter or factor that influences the responses, including tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and flexural strength. The fractured surface of printed parts was investigate using...
1 Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Ha... more 1 Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka, Malaysia 2 Centre for Advanced Research on Energy, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal Melaka, Malaysia 3 Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 4 Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 432400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
This paper presents a denture fabrication process by implementing the techniques used in the addi... more This paper presents a denture fabrication process by implementing the techniques used in the addictive manufacturing which is 3D printing technology involving reverse engineering method. A three dimensional scanner was used to obtain the surface data of the complete partial denture model that received from the dental clinic. The scanned data was refined using the Geomagic Studio and then converted to STL format for CAD and 3D printing application. The complete dentures design was converted to STL format for production of the product using the Projet HD 1000 machine which is one of the rapid prototyping (RP) technique. Cold cure acrylic resin (VERTEX, Castavaria) was used as the denture material on the gum section. On the teeth section, the composite resin will be applied to add an aesthetic value to the part. Then, the final dentures were polished and tested on an edentulous model to test the bite and adaptability. The finished denture has been test to ensure the adaptability and co...
Article history: Received 15 May 2019 Received in revised form 7 August 2019 Accepted 17 August 2... more Article history: Received 15 May 2019 Received in revised form 7 August 2019 Accepted 17 August 2019 Available online 26 September 2019 Vacuum casting is a modern technique in the casting technology. It is capable to cast the complex parts with low tooling cost and short time. Thus, in order to achieve the optimum result of casted parts the computer simulation was used in the analysis. So, this paper presents the study to analyze the flow of resin into the mould of five-axis impeller by vacuum casting process. Computer simulation was used to define critical parameters such as casting point location, flow temperature, average, flow velocity, air traps location and filling time. The Moldflow software was used as simulation tool to gain result of analysis. Polyurethane resin has been used as raw material to cast a five-axis impeller. Vacuum casting machine types KLM 1000A was selected and mould is made by silicone rubber mould (Axson-Essil291). Otherwise, pattern for impeller was fabri...
Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new... more Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a filament-based rapid prototyping technology that allows new composite materials to be introduced into the FDM process as long as they can be manufactured in feedstock filament form. The purpose of this research was to analyze the rheological behavior of oil palm fiber-reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composites when used as a feedstock material, as well as to determine the best processing conditions for FDM. The composite’s shear thinning behavior was observed, and scanning electron microscopy was used to reveal its composition. The morphological result found that there was a good fiber/matrix adhesion with a 3 wt% fiber loading, as no fiber pullouts or gaps developed between the oil palm fiber and ABS. However, some pores and fiber pullouts were found with a 5 and 7 wt% fiber loading. Next, the rheological results showed that the increment of fiber content (wt%) increased the viscosity. This discovery can definitely be used in t...
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