Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia i... more Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia in the south of Spain, a comprehensive research proposal has been designed, based on the concept of initial class societies. In this historical dynamic, the south of the Iberian Peninsula, the southwest and the province of Huelva, prove to be the ideal spatial context, as they allow, for the first time, an evaluation of the formation mechanisms of the first stable asymmetric forms of organization by studying the mining-metallurgical activity and the social organization that came with it. The sequential development of this work begins with the definition of its general objectives, in Chapter II, from an archaeometric and archaeometallurgical point of view, supported by the application of metallographic studies within a spatial, chronological and contextual framework and on very specific evidence - metal products and remains - specified in Chapter III. In Chapter IV the conceptual definitions of metallurgy, archaeometallurgy and metallography are discussed, as well as the role played in the development of our discipline by the specific studies here presented and whose application is evaluated in Chapter V, both in the different areas of the specific peninsular geography and, particularly, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In Chapter VI, through the so-called oHuelva caseo, the main features of the archaeological practice and its scientific production in the southwest are evaluated. Chapter VII presents the compositional and metallographic analyses. The results of the tests carried out are given in Chapter VIII. Chapter IX contains a reflection on the assessment of the metallurgical activity in the third millennium B.C.E. as regards the definition of its model of historical interpretation.
The Guadalquivir River Valley constitutes the main geographic environment for the earliest develo... more The Guadalquivir River Valley constitutes the main geographic environment for the earliest development of political structures in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. The inception of Cu-metallurgy over the millennia 4th to 2nd BC in this region coincides with the rise of social complexity as well as the strategic control of the territory based on the command of the supply of mineral resources. One of the main tools in the study of metallurgical processes and goods movement is the analysis of metal provenance by means of Pb isotope composition. This study includes 98 new Pb isotope analyses performed on Cu mineralizations, many of them with archaeological evidence of exploitation by the first metallurgical societies. The results provided here represent a substantial complement to those presented in published databases and allow for a better discrimination of potential sources for raw material supply of minerals used in the metallurgical processes. The existence of uncertainties introduced by the overlapping of Pb-isotope signatures of Cu-ores obtained from different geological contexts and presence of radiogenic Pb in a number of samples is pointed out. El Valle del Río Guadalquivir representa el principal entorno geográfico del primer desarrollo de estructuras políticas en el Sur de la Península Ibérica. El establecimiento de la metalurgia del cobre a lo largo del cuarto al segundo milenio a. C. en esta región coincide con el inicio de la complejidad social y el control estratégico del territorio basados en el control del suministro de recursos minerales. Una de las herramientas principales para el estudio de los procesos metalúrgicos y el transporte de objetos se basa en el análisis de la procedencia de los metales a partir de la composición isotópica del Pb. El presente estudio incluye 98 nuevos análisis de isótopos de Pb de mineralizaciones de Cu, en muchos casos con evidencias arqueológicas de explotación por las primeras sociedades metalúrgicas. Los resultados que se presentan constituyen un complemento significativo a los existentes en las bases de datos publicadas y permiten una mejor identificación de las fuentes potenciales de materias primas para el suminstro de minerales utilizados en los procesos metalúrgicos. El estudio también evidencia incertidumbres debidas al solapamiento de la signatura isotópica de Pb en menas de Cu procedentes de diferentes contextos geológicos así como la presencia de Pb radiogénico en algunas muestras.
L a i n v estigacio n a r queologic a desa r rollad a e n lo s ultimo s ano s e n e l ento r ... more L a i n v estigacio n a r queologic a desa r rollad a e n lo s ultimo s ano s e n e l ento r n o d e l a F aja Piritica Iberica ha dibujado el perfil de una economia tecnologica y socialmente especializada en la mineria y metalurgia del cobre durante el III milenio Anterior a Nuestra Era. Su magnitud y extension han sido determinadas mediante indicadores directos e indirectos de su ejecucion que revelaron un proceso de deforestacion gradual causante de la erosion de los suelos y el incremento de la contaminacion por metales pesados en las cuencas hidrograf icas de los rios Guadalquivir, Tinto, Odiel, Guadiana y, por extension, en el Golfo de Cadiz. Este trabajo completa el analisis sobre el impacto de la actividad metalurgica en cronologias prehistoricas mediante la presentacion de nuevos datos y casos de estudio (Algarve portugues y cuenca del rio Guadiana) que permiten def inir la escala, intensidad y diacronia de su proceso.
espanolSe presentan los resultados preliminares de un programa de investigacion dirigido a la ide... more espanolSe presentan los resultados preliminares de un programa de investigacion dirigido a la identificacion y explicacion de los contextos sociales y tecnologicos vinculados a la metalurgia prehistorica en el sur de Portugal. Para su primer nivel de evaluacion (Fase 1), se selecciono un ambito espacial situado en el Alto Algarbe Oriental, en el centro del principal distrito minero portugues (Faja Piritica Iberica), y una metodologia de prospeccion y toma de muestras geoarqueologicas intensivas orientada a generar una base de datos isotopica, espacial y arqueologica, capaz de identificar, desde una perspectiva diacronica, los procesos de captacion de recursos, explotacion, produccion y distribucion de cobre, asi como los sistemas de ordenacion territorial que los articularon. Para el segundo nivel de evaluacion (Fase 2), tambien bajo los parametros de un armazon metodologico definidos en base a criterios geoarqueologicos, y al objeto de dimensionar el modelo de ordenacion del territ...
Información del artículo Informe preliminar de excavación arqueológica de urgencia en el yacimien... more Información del artículo Informe preliminar de excavación arqueológica de urgencia en el yacimiento de "La Junta" (Puebla de Guzmán, Huelva).
Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia i... more Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia in the south of Spain, a comprehensive research proposal has been designed, based on the concept of initial class societies. In this historical dynamic, the south of the Iberian Peninsula, the southwest and the province of Huelva, prove to be the ideal spatial context, as they allow, for the first time, an evaluation of the formation mechanisms of the first stable asymmetric forms of organization by studying the mining-metallurgical activity and the social organization that came with it. The sequential development of this work begins with the definition of its general objectives, in Chapter II, from an archaeometric and archaeometallurgical point of view, supported by the application of metallographic studies within a spatial, chronological and contextual framework and on very specific evidence - metal products and remains - specified in Chapter III. In Chapter IV the conceptual definitions of metallurgy, archaeometallurgy and metallography are discussed, as well as the role played in the development of our discipline by the specific studies here presented and whose application is evaluated in Chapter V, both in the different areas of the specific peninsular geography and, particularly, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In Chapter VI, through the so-called oHuelva caseo, the main features of the archaeological practice and its scientific production in the southwest are evaluated. Chapter VII presents the compositional and metallographic analyses. The results of the tests carried out are given in Chapter VIII. Chapter IX contains a reflection on the assessment of the metallurgical activity in the third millennium B.C.E. as regards the definition of its model of historical interpretation.
"The archaeological survey developed in prehistoric settlement of Valencina de l... more "The archaeological survey developed in prehistoric settlement of Valencina de la Concepción allowed us to recognize an important archeological context where stands a large concentration of beaker pottery. The archaeometric study of common and beaker pottery and its comparation with the regional geology and sediments previously collected has identified the possible areas of clay raw material supply."
The historical and cultural tradition that has dominated the archaeology of south-western Iberia ... more The historical and cultural tradition that has dominated the archaeology of south-western Iberia has contributed little empirical data to the study of the production, distribution and use of pottery. To change this situation, we decided to use a new theoretical approach, with both an interdisciplinary methodology and an empirical evaluation framework based on the complete and systematic registration of an archaeological settlement excavated in its entirety: La Junta (Huelva, Spain). The comparative study of pottery and sediment samples from this site, through the complementary use of petrographic, geochemical (ICP-MS, ICP-ES) and mineralogical techniques (XRD ), has generated a comparative and efficient interpretive framework regarding the processes of production, distribution and use of pottery on a local and regional scale.
El asentamiento de Valencina de la Concepción (Sevilla, España) es un referente en la arqueología... more El asentamiento de Valencina de la Concepción (Sevilla, España) es un referente en la arqueología prehistórica peninsular, no sólo por sus grandes tumbas, sino también por su gran magnitud. A pesar de las innumerables evidencias sólo recientemente la componente cerámica ha sido objeto de un amplio estudio que ha permitido proponer un primer modelo de organización técnica y social de la producción alfarera. Por el contrario, la presencia de cerámica campaniforme es relativamente escasa y se reduce a pequeños fragmentos procedentes de contextos superficiales o de excavaciones arqueológicas antiguas. No obstante, trabajos arqueológicos recientes en el área habitacional del asentamiento ubicada en la parte más alta del asentamiento han aportado novedosas informaciones y una lectura adicional sobre estas producciones. La presencia de un gran número de registros campaniformes abría la posibilidad de evaluar las características de la materias primas utilizadas y de los procesos de manufactura, explorar su significado simbólico y plantear propuestas alternativas de interpretación sobre el papel de estas producciones cerámicas como vehículos de legitimación de poder.The settlement of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain) is one of the most important sites in the Iberian Prehistory, not only for its great tombs, but also due to its magnitude. Unlike utilitarian vessels, frequent in the archaeological record, the presence of bell beaker ceramics is relatively scarce and is reduced to small fragments from superficial contexts or early archaeological excavations. However, recent archaeological work in the upper part of the settlement has provided new information and additional readings on these productions. The presence of a large number of bell beaker sherds found in association with prestige goods gave us the possibility to evaluate the manufacturing processes and explore their symbolic meaning, proposing alternative interpretations about the role of these items as vehicles for the legitimation of power.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
In this paper we assess the pottery production in a mining and metallurgical community of the thi... more In this paper we assess the pottery production in a mining and metallurgical community of the third millennium BCE. The results of chemical, mineralogical and petrographic analysis of pottery samples and their relation with sediment samples previously collected in the vicinity of the settlement, has revealed the use of local raw materials.
En este sentido, el análisis químico se ha revelado como la técnica más utilizada en la determina... more En este sentido, el análisis químico se ha revelado como la técnica más utilizada en la determinación de las fuentes de suministro y en la evaluación de la circulación de materias primas y productos. En términos generales, se presupone que la composición química de la cerámica es similar a la composición química de la materia prima (arcilla) original, y así, los elementos químicos detectados durante el análisis, y su relación cuantitativa, constituyen una verdadera “huella dactilar” con capacidad de discriminar su procedencia geológica o, al menos, plantear una aproximación espacial del entorno geológico del cual procede la materia prima empleada en la manufacturación de recipientes cerámicos.
Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia i... more Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia in the south of Spain, a comprehensive research proposal has been designed, based on the concept of initial class societies. In this historical dynamic, the south of the Iberian Peninsula, the southwest and the province of Huelva, prove to be the ideal spatial context, as they allow, for the first time, an evaluation of the formation mechanisms of the first stable asymmetric forms of organization by studying the mining-metallurgical activity and the social organization that came with it. The sequential development of this work begins with the definition of its general objectives, in Chapter II, from an archaeometric and archaeometallurgical point of view, supported by the application of metallographic studies within a spatial, chronological and contextual framework and on very specific evidence - metal products and remains - specified in Chapter III. In Chapter IV the conceptual definitions of metallurgy, archaeometallurgy and metallography are discussed, as well as the role played in the development of our discipline by the specific studies here presented and whose application is evaluated in Chapter V, both in the different areas of the specific peninsular geography and, particularly, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In Chapter VI, through the so-called oHuelva caseo, the main features of the archaeological practice and its scientific production in the southwest are evaluated. Chapter VII presents the compositional and metallographic analyses. The results of the tests carried out are given in Chapter VIII. Chapter IX contains a reflection on the assessment of the metallurgical activity in the third millennium B.C.E. as regards the definition of its model of historical interpretation.
The Guadalquivir River Valley constitutes the main geographic environment for the earliest develo... more The Guadalquivir River Valley constitutes the main geographic environment for the earliest development of political structures in the South of the Iberian Peninsula. The inception of Cu-metallurgy over the millennia 4th to 2nd BC in this region coincides with the rise of social complexity as well as the strategic control of the territory based on the command of the supply of mineral resources. One of the main tools in the study of metallurgical processes and goods movement is the analysis of metal provenance by means of Pb isotope composition. This study includes 98 new Pb isotope analyses performed on Cu mineralizations, many of them with archaeological evidence of exploitation by the first metallurgical societies. The results provided here represent a substantial complement to those presented in published databases and allow for a better discrimination of potential sources for raw material supply of minerals used in the metallurgical processes. The existence of uncertainties introduced by the overlapping of Pb-isotope signatures of Cu-ores obtained from different geological contexts and presence of radiogenic Pb in a number of samples is pointed out. El Valle del Río Guadalquivir representa el principal entorno geográfico del primer desarrollo de estructuras políticas en el Sur de la Península Ibérica. El establecimiento de la metalurgia del cobre a lo largo del cuarto al segundo milenio a. C. en esta región coincide con el inicio de la complejidad social y el control estratégico del territorio basados en el control del suministro de recursos minerales. Una de las herramientas principales para el estudio de los procesos metalúrgicos y el transporte de objetos se basa en el análisis de la procedencia de los metales a partir de la composición isotópica del Pb. El presente estudio incluye 98 nuevos análisis de isótopos de Pb de mineralizaciones de Cu, en muchos casos con evidencias arqueológicas de explotación por las primeras sociedades metalúrgicas. Los resultados que se presentan constituyen un complemento significativo a los existentes en las bases de datos publicadas y permiten una mejor identificación de las fuentes potenciales de materias primas para el suminstro de minerales utilizados en los procesos metalúrgicos. El estudio también evidencia incertidumbres debidas al solapamiento de la signatura isotópica de Pb en menas de Cu procedentes de diferentes contextos geológicos así como la presencia de Pb radiogénico en algunas muestras.
L a i n v estigacio n a r queologic a desa r rollad a e n lo s ultimo s ano s e n e l ento r ... more L a i n v estigacio n a r queologic a desa r rollad a e n lo s ultimo s ano s e n e l ento r n o d e l a F aja Piritica Iberica ha dibujado el perfil de una economia tecnologica y socialmente especializada en la mineria y metalurgia del cobre durante el III milenio Anterior a Nuestra Era. Su magnitud y extension han sido determinadas mediante indicadores directos e indirectos de su ejecucion que revelaron un proceso de deforestacion gradual causante de la erosion de los suelos y el incremento de la contaminacion por metales pesados en las cuencas hidrograf icas de los rios Guadalquivir, Tinto, Odiel, Guadiana y, por extension, en el Golfo de Cadiz. Este trabajo completa el analisis sobre el impacto de la actividad metalurgica en cronologias prehistoricas mediante la presentacion de nuevos datos y casos de estudio (Algarve portugues y cuenca del rio Guadiana) que permiten def inir la escala, intensidad y diacronia de su proceso.
espanolSe presentan los resultados preliminares de un programa de investigacion dirigido a la ide... more espanolSe presentan los resultados preliminares de un programa de investigacion dirigido a la identificacion y explicacion de los contextos sociales y tecnologicos vinculados a la metalurgia prehistorica en el sur de Portugal. Para su primer nivel de evaluacion (Fase 1), se selecciono un ambito espacial situado en el Alto Algarbe Oriental, en el centro del principal distrito minero portugues (Faja Piritica Iberica), y una metodologia de prospeccion y toma de muestras geoarqueologicas intensivas orientada a generar una base de datos isotopica, espacial y arqueologica, capaz de identificar, desde una perspectiva diacronica, los procesos de captacion de recursos, explotacion, produccion y distribucion de cobre, asi como los sistemas de ordenacion territorial que los articularon. Para el segundo nivel de evaluacion (Fase 2), tambien bajo los parametros de un armazon metodologico definidos en base a criterios geoarqueologicos, y al objeto de dimensionar el modelo de ordenacion del territ...
Información del artículo Informe preliminar de excavación arqueológica de urgencia en el yacimien... more Información del artículo Informe preliminar de excavación arqueológica de urgencia en el yacimiento de "La Junta" (Puebla de Guzmán, Huelva).
Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia i... more Given the need for systematic research into the prehistory of the southwest region of Andalucia in the south of Spain, a comprehensive research proposal has been designed, based on the concept of initial class societies. In this historical dynamic, the south of the Iberian Peninsula, the southwest and the province of Huelva, prove to be the ideal spatial context, as they allow, for the first time, an evaluation of the formation mechanisms of the first stable asymmetric forms of organization by studying the mining-metallurgical activity and the social organization that came with it. The sequential development of this work begins with the definition of its general objectives, in Chapter II, from an archaeometric and archaeometallurgical point of view, supported by the application of metallographic studies within a spatial, chronological and contextual framework and on very specific evidence - metal products and remains - specified in Chapter III. In Chapter IV the conceptual definitions of metallurgy, archaeometallurgy and metallography are discussed, as well as the role played in the development of our discipline by the specific studies here presented and whose application is evaluated in Chapter V, both in the different areas of the specific peninsular geography and, particularly, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula. In Chapter VI, through the so-called oHuelva caseo, the main features of the archaeological practice and its scientific production in the southwest are evaluated. Chapter VII presents the compositional and metallographic analyses. The results of the tests carried out are given in Chapter VIII. Chapter IX contains a reflection on the assessment of the metallurgical activity in the third millennium B.C.E. as regards the definition of its model of historical interpretation.
"The archaeological survey developed in prehistoric settlement of Valencina de l... more "The archaeological survey developed in prehistoric settlement of Valencina de la Concepción allowed us to recognize an important archeological context where stands a large concentration of beaker pottery. The archaeometric study of common and beaker pottery and its comparation with the regional geology and sediments previously collected has identified the possible areas of clay raw material supply."
The historical and cultural tradition that has dominated the archaeology of south-western Iberia ... more The historical and cultural tradition that has dominated the archaeology of south-western Iberia has contributed little empirical data to the study of the production, distribution and use of pottery. To change this situation, we decided to use a new theoretical approach, with both an interdisciplinary methodology and an empirical evaluation framework based on the complete and systematic registration of an archaeological settlement excavated in its entirety: La Junta (Huelva, Spain). The comparative study of pottery and sediment samples from this site, through the complementary use of petrographic, geochemical (ICP-MS, ICP-ES) and mineralogical techniques (XRD ), has generated a comparative and efficient interpretive framework regarding the processes of production, distribution and use of pottery on a local and regional scale.
El asentamiento de Valencina de la Concepción (Sevilla, España) es un referente en la arqueología... more El asentamiento de Valencina de la Concepción (Sevilla, España) es un referente en la arqueología prehistórica peninsular, no sólo por sus grandes tumbas, sino también por su gran magnitud. A pesar de las innumerables evidencias sólo recientemente la componente cerámica ha sido objeto de un amplio estudio que ha permitido proponer un primer modelo de organización técnica y social de la producción alfarera. Por el contrario, la presencia de cerámica campaniforme es relativamente escasa y se reduce a pequeños fragmentos procedentes de contextos superficiales o de excavaciones arqueológicas antiguas. No obstante, trabajos arqueológicos recientes en el área habitacional del asentamiento ubicada en la parte más alta del asentamiento han aportado novedosas informaciones y una lectura adicional sobre estas producciones. La presencia de un gran número de registros campaniformes abría la posibilidad de evaluar las características de la materias primas utilizadas y de los procesos de manufactura, explorar su significado simbólico y plantear propuestas alternativas de interpretación sobre el papel de estas producciones cerámicas como vehículos de legitimación de poder.The settlement of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain) is one of the most important sites in the Iberian Prehistory, not only for its great tombs, but also due to its magnitude. Unlike utilitarian vessels, frequent in the archaeological record, the presence of bell beaker ceramics is relatively scarce and is reduced to small fragments from superficial contexts or early archaeological excavations. However, recent archaeological work in the upper part of the settlement has provided new information and additional readings on these productions. The presence of a large number of bell beaker sherds found in association with prestige goods gave us the possibility to evaluate the manufacturing processes and explore their symbolic meaning, proposing alternative interpretations about the role of these items as vehicles for the legitimation of power.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
In this paper we assess the pottery production in a mining and metallurgical community of the thi... more In this paper we assess the pottery production in a mining and metallurgical community of the third millennium BCE. The results of chemical, mineralogical and petrographic analysis of pottery samples and their relation with sediment samples previously collected in the vicinity of the settlement, has revealed the use of local raw materials.
En este sentido, el análisis químico se ha revelado como la técnica más utilizada en la determina... more En este sentido, el análisis químico se ha revelado como la técnica más utilizada en la determinación de las fuentes de suministro y en la evaluación de la circulación de materias primas y productos. En términos generales, se presupone que la composición química de la cerámica es similar a la composición química de la materia prima (arcilla) original, y así, los elementos químicos detectados durante el análisis, y su relación cuantitativa, constituyen una verdadera “huella dactilar” con capacidad de discriminar su procedencia geológica o, al menos, plantear una aproximación espacial del entorno geológico del cual procede la materia prima empleada en la manufacturación de recipientes cerámicos.
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