Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Societies, 2023
The following research aims to discuss the development of Islamic maritime civilization on the Ea... more The following research aims to discuss the development of Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra during the 17 th to 18 th Centuries AD. What sultanates represented Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra and what were their contributions to the development of Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra are the two questions raised in this research. To answer these two questions, this research uses the historical research method with research steps that include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The search for sources was carried out through literature research. From the research conducted, it was concluded that the Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra was represented by sultanates such as Aceh, Siak, Deli, Serdang, Langkat, and Asahan. These sultanates contributed greatly to developing Islamic maritime civilization by making maritime-oriented policies and providing protection to fishermen, sailors, and traders which encouraged the operation of more ports so that maritime activities became increasingly crowded with maritime trade activities, shipbuilding, and voyages. The bustling maritime activities
This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz’s philosophy approach in stu... more This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz’s philosophy approach in study the history of the battles of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The need for Clausewitz’s philosophy as an approach in study the battles history of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is an attempt to understand the battles of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a whole and more themed war. Expected by the use of Clausewitz’s philosophy approach, the mistakes in analyzing the history of the battle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) can be avoided. Keywords: Clausewitz’s philosophy, battle history, Muhammad.
The rapid development of information and communication technology, proxy war methods have become ... more The rapid development of information and communication technology, proxy war methods have become easier to apply because proxyforming narratives can be published widely at low cost only through the internet. This has been proven to be run by IS (Islamic State) terror groups that carry out proxy wars throughout the world simply by spreading propaganda narratives of religious radicalism through the internet. Based on such threats, the following article will discuss online religious radicalism as a proxy war model in Indonesia. This study aims to explain how the content of religious radicalism can become a form of global proxy war that threatens Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to contribute ideas in the discourse on radicalism and counter radicalism in a security perspective. The method used in the study is a literature research method both offline and online. From the research conducted, it was concluded that religious radicalism content published online aims to esta...
This article will discuss the issue of studying religion through the internet as a new trend amon... more This article will discuss the issue of studying religion through the internet as a new trend among Indonesian Millennial Muslims. This study aims to explain the causes and consequences that can arise from this phenomenon. The results of this study are expected to contribute thoughts in the discourse on Islamic Studies in Era 4.0 which is full of disruption. The method used in the study is library research methods. From the studies conducted, it was concluded that this phenomenon emerged as an impact of the rapid development of information and communication technology. The positive side of this phenomenon is efficiency in religious learning. However, this phenomenon also raises the negative side of the threat of religious radicalism content infiltration that is also spread online. So that, caution is needed in interpreting this phenomenon which has become a trend not only in Indonesia but also throughout the world
Proxy war is the intervention of a third party in one of the factions to fight another faction. T... more Proxy war is the intervention of a third party in one of the factions to fight another faction. The Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War as well as the lone wolf attack IS (Islamic State) are one of its manifestations. In the future, proxy war will be a method commonly used in conflict. This is because the progress of information and communication technology has facilitated the implementation of proxy war. The progress of information and communication technology also made this era an era of proxy war. The following study aims to outline the threats and challenges facing Indonesian Muslims in the era of proxy war. The results of the study are expected to broaden the perspective of Islamic studies by raising the subject of studies that have not yet been studied but are also expected to have positive implications in proxy war discourse. The method used in the study is literature review. The results of the study indicate that proxy-forming narratives are a threat as well as the main cha...
The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the hist... more The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the history of Umayyad II in Andalusia, Spain. The results of the study are expected to contribute historical-based thinking in the development of Islamic studies and social-humanities studies.  The method used in this study is the method of historical research through literature review. From the study, it is concluded that Umayyad II prefers to align with the Byzantine on the basis of the political interests of power rather than the fraternal brethren of Muslims. Umayyad II is also more oriented towards Arabization than the Islamization of the Andalusian region as evidenced by the emergence of the Mozarab social class and the highly civilized city of Cordova. So it can be understood further that the presence of Umayyad II rule in Andalusia is not a direct cause of the spread of Islam in the region.Keywords: proxy warfare, Mozarab, Cordova, Umayyad Andalusia IntisariArtikel berikut bertujuan unt...
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 2018
So far, terrorism tends to be considered using asymmetric warfare methods rather than proxy warfa... more So far, terrorism tends to be considered using asymmetric warfare methods rather than proxy warfare methods. Even though some terror attacks around the world carried out by people inspired by terrorism indicate that terrorist groups such as IS are carrying out proxy warfare methods. Based on this problem, the following article will describe the threat of IS terrorism through proxy warfare. The aims of this research to map the threat of IS proxy warfare on Indonesian Millennial Muslims. By using library research methods, this research is expected to have positive implications for the efforts to deradicalize terrorism among Indonesian Millennial Muslims. The conclusion of this research obtained shows that the advancement of communication technology has facilitated IS to spread its terrorism in Indonesia through online magazine propaganda in Bahasa Indonesia. This effort is really a threat for Indonesian Millennial Muslims who are very active in using the internet daily. In this way, I...
This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz's philosophy approach in stu... more This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz's philosophy approach in study the history of the battles of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The need for Clausewitz's philosophy as an approach in study the battles history of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is an attempt to understand the battles of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a whole and more themed war. Expected by the use of Clausewitz's philosophy approach, the mistakes in analyzing the history of the battle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) can be avoided.
Artikel ini akan mendiskusikan persoalan belajar agama melalui internet sebagai sebuah tren baru ... more Artikel ini akan mendiskusikan persoalan belajar agama melalui internet sebagai sebuah tren baru dikalangan Muslim Milenial Indonesia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenai sebab dan akibat yang dapat muncul dari fenomena ini. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi sumbangan pemikiran dalam diskursus mengenai Studi Islam di Era 4.0 yang penuh disrupsi. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam kajian adalah metode penelitian pustaka. Dari kajian yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa fenomena ini muncul sebagai dampak dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunkasi yang begitu pesat. Sisi positif dari fenomena ini adalah efisiensi dalam pembelajaran agama. Namun fenomena ini juga memunculkan sisi negatif pada ancaman infiltrasi konten radikalisme beragama yang juga disebarkan secara online. Sehingga dibutuhkan kewaspadaan dalam memaknai fenomena ini yang telah menjadi tren bukan hanya di Indonesia melainkan juga diseluruh dunia.
The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the hist... more The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the history of Umayyad II in Andalusia, Spain. The results of the study are expected to contribute historical-based thinking in the development of Islamic studies and social-humanities studies. Method used in this study is the method of historical research through literature review. From the study, it is concluded that Umayyad II prefers to align with the Byzantine on the basis of the political interests of power rather than the fraternal brethren of Muslims. Umayyad II is also more oriented towards Arabization than the Islamization of the Andalusian region as evidenced by the emergence of the Mozarab social class and the highly civilized city of Cordova. So it can be understood further that the presence of Umayyad II rule in Andalusia is not a direct cause of the spread of Islam in the region.
Persoalan yang sering luput dalam diskursus mengenai kekhalifahan adalah bagaimana jalan menuju k... more Persoalan yang sering luput dalam diskursus mengenai kekhalifahan adalah bagaimana jalan menuju kekhalifahan. Berdasarkan pada persoalan tersebut, artikel berikut akan menguraikan sejarah Utsmani sejak berdirinya sampai kepada keberhasilan mereka menduduki posisi kekhalifahan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberi sumbangan pemikiran dari perspektif sejarah dalam diskursus kekhalifahan. Hal ini cukup penting mengingat diskusi mengenai kekhalifahan kembali menghangat pasca deklarasi kekhalifahan oleh kelompok ISIS. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah metode sejarah. Dari hasil literature review yang dilakukan diperoleh informasi sejarah bahwa Utsmani menduduki posisi kekhalifahan setelah menghancurkan Byzantium dan mengalahkan Mamluq. Dengan kemenangan tersebut, Utsmani berkuasa atas Konstantinopel dan juga tiga kota suci Muslim, yaitu Jerusalem, Mekah dan Madinah. Kekuasaan ini menjadikan Utsmani sebagai institusi pemerintahan terbesar dan paling dominan dalam Dunia Muslim, sehingga kondisi tersebut menjadi dorongan kuat bagi Utsmani untuk mengklaim posisi khalifah dalam Dunia Muslim.
Indonesian Journal of Islamic Literature and Muslim Societies, 2023
The following research aims to discuss the development of Islamic maritime civilization on the Ea... more The following research aims to discuss the development of Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra during the 17 th to 18 th Centuries AD. What sultanates represented Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra and what were their contributions to the development of Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra are the two questions raised in this research. To answer these two questions, this research uses the historical research method with research steps that include heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The search for sources was carried out through literature research. From the research conducted, it was concluded that the Islamic maritime civilization on the East Coast of Sumatra was represented by sultanates such as Aceh, Siak, Deli, Serdang, Langkat, and Asahan. These sultanates contributed greatly to developing Islamic maritime civilization by making maritime-oriented policies and providing protection to fishermen, sailors, and traders which encouraged the operation of more ports so that maritime activities became increasingly crowded with maritime trade activities, shipbuilding, and voyages. The bustling maritime activities
This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz’s philosophy approach in stu... more This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz’s philosophy approach in study the history of the battles of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The need for Clausewitz’s philosophy as an approach in study the battles history of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is an attempt to understand the battles of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a whole and more themed war. Expected by the use of Clausewitz’s philosophy approach, the mistakes in analyzing the history of the battle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) can be avoided. Keywords: Clausewitz’s philosophy, battle history, Muhammad.
The rapid development of information and communication technology, proxy war methods have become ... more The rapid development of information and communication technology, proxy war methods have become easier to apply because proxyforming narratives can be published widely at low cost only through the internet. This has been proven to be run by IS (Islamic State) terror groups that carry out proxy wars throughout the world simply by spreading propaganda narratives of religious radicalism through the internet. Based on such threats, the following article will discuss online religious radicalism as a proxy war model in Indonesia. This study aims to explain how the content of religious radicalism can become a form of global proxy war that threatens Indonesia. The results of this study are expected to contribute ideas in the discourse on radicalism and counter radicalism in a security perspective. The method used in the study is a literature research method both offline and online. From the research conducted, it was concluded that religious radicalism content published online aims to esta...
This article will discuss the issue of studying religion through the internet as a new trend amon... more This article will discuss the issue of studying religion through the internet as a new trend among Indonesian Millennial Muslims. This study aims to explain the causes and consequences that can arise from this phenomenon. The results of this study are expected to contribute thoughts in the discourse on Islamic Studies in Era 4.0 which is full of disruption. The method used in the study is library research methods. From the studies conducted, it was concluded that this phenomenon emerged as an impact of the rapid development of information and communication technology. The positive side of this phenomenon is efficiency in religious learning. However, this phenomenon also raises the negative side of the threat of religious radicalism content infiltration that is also spread online. So that, caution is needed in interpreting this phenomenon which has become a trend not only in Indonesia but also throughout the world
Proxy war is the intervention of a third party in one of the factions to fight another faction. T... more Proxy war is the intervention of a third party in one of the factions to fight another faction. The Arab Spring and the Syrian Civil War as well as the lone wolf attack IS (Islamic State) are one of its manifestations. In the future, proxy war will be a method commonly used in conflict. This is because the progress of information and communication technology has facilitated the implementation of proxy war. The progress of information and communication technology also made this era an era of proxy war. The following study aims to outline the threats and challenges facing Indonesian Muslims in the era of proxy war. The results of the study are expected to broaden the perspective of Islamic studies by raising the subject of studies that have not yet been studied but are also expected to have positive implications in proxy war discourse. The method used in the study is literature review. The results of the study indicate that proxy-forming narratives are a threat as well as the main cha...
The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the hist... more The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the history of Umayyad II in Andalusia, Spain. The results of the study are expected to contribute historical-based thinking in the development of Islamic studies and social-humanities studies.  The method used in this study is the method of historical research through literature review. From the study, it is concluded that Umayyad II prefers to align with the Byzantine on the basis of the political interests of power rather than the fraternal brethren of Muslims. Umayyad II is also more oriented towards Arabization than the Islamization of the Andalusian region as evidenced by the emergence of the Mozarab social class and the highly civilized city of Cordova. So it can be understood further that the presence of Umayyad II rule in Andalusia is not a direct cause of the spread of Islam in the region.Keywords: proxy warfare, Mozarab, Cordova, Umayyad Andalusia IntisariArtikel berikut bertujuan unt...
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 2018
So far, terrorism tends to be considered using asymmetric warfare methods rather than proxy warfa... more So far, terrorism tends to be considered using asymmetric warfare methods rather than proxy warfare methods. Even though some terror attacks around the world carried out by people inspired by terrorism indicate that terrorist groups such as IS are carrying out proxy warfare methods. Based on this problem, the following article will describe the threat of IS terrorism through proxy warfare. The aims of this research to map the threat of IS proxy warfare on Indonesian Millennial Muslims. By using library research methods, this research is expected to have positive implications for the efforts to deradicalize terrorism among Indonesian Millennial Muslims. The conclusion of this research obtained shows that the advancement of communication technology has facilitated IS to spread its terrorism in Indonesia through online magazine propaganda in Bahasa Indonesia. This effort is really a threat for Indonesian Millennial Muslims who are very active in using the internet daily. In this way, I...
This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz's philosophy approach in stu... more This following article will describe the concept of using Clausewitz's philosophy approach in study the history of the battles of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). The need for Clausewitz's philosophy as an approach in study the battles history of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is an attempt to understand the battles of the Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as a whole and more themed war. Expected by the use of Clausewitz's philosophy approach, the mistakes in analyzing the history of the battle of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) can be avoided.
Artikel ini akan mendiskusikan persoalan belajar agama melalui internet sebagai sebuah tren baru ... more Artikel ini akan mendiskusikan persoalan belajar agama melalui internet sebagai sebuah tren baru dikalangan Muslim Milenial Indonesia. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan mengenai sebab dan akibat yang dapat muncul dari fenomena ini. Hasil kajian ini diharapkan dapat memberi sumbangan pemikiran dalam diskursus mengenai Studi Islam di Era 4.0 yang penuh disrupsi. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam kajian adalah metode penelitian pustaka. Dari kajian yang dilakukan, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa fenomena ini muncul sebagai dampak dari perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunkasi yang begitu pesat. Sisi positif dari fenomena ini adalah efisiensi dalam pembelajaran agama. Namun fenomena ini juga memunculkan sisi negatif pada ancaman infiltrasi konten radikalisme beragama yang juga disebarkan secara online. Sehingga dibutuhkan kewaspadaan dalam memaknai fenomena ini yang telah menjadi tren bukan hanya di Indonesia melainkan juga diseluruh dunia.
The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the hist... more The following article aims to describe the proxy warfare, Mozarab and city of Cordova in the history of Umayyad II in Andalusia, Spain. The results of the study are expected to contribute historical-based thinking in the development of Islamic studies and social-humanities studies. Method used in this study is the method of historical research through literature review. From the study, it is concluded that Umayyad II prefers to align with the Byzantine on the basis of the political interests of power rather than the fraternal brethren of Muslims. Umayyad II is also more oriented towards Arabization than the Islamization of the Andalusian region as evidenced by the emergence of the Mozarab social class and the highly civilized city of Cordova. So it can be understood further that the presence of Umayyad II rule in Andalusia is not a direct cause of the spread of Islam in the region.
Persoalan yang sering luput dalam diskursus mengenai kekhalifahan adalah bagaimana jalan menuju k... more Persoalan yang sering luput dalam diskursus mengenai kekhalifahan adalah bagaimana jalan menuju kekhalifahan. Berdasarkan pada persoalan tersebut, artikel berikut akan menguraikan sejarah Utsmani sejak berdirinya sampai kepada keberhasilan mereka menduduki posisi kekhalifahan. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberi sumbangan pemikiran dari perspektif sejarah dalam diskursus kekhalifahan. Hal ini cukup penting mengingat diskusi mengenai kekhalifahan kembali menghangat pasca deklarasi kekhalifahan oleh kelompok ISIS. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah metode sejarah. Dari hasil literature review yang dilakukan diperoleh informasi sejarah bahwa Utsmani menduduki posisi kekhalifahan setelah menghancurkan Byzantium dan mengalahkan Mamluq. Dengan kemenangan tersebut, Utsmani berkuasa atas Konstantinopel dan juga tiga kota suci Muslim, yaitu Jerusalem, Mekah dan Madinah. Kekuasaan ini menjadikan Utsmani sebagai institusi pemerintahan terbesar dan paling dominan dalam Dunia Muslim, sehingga kondisi tersebut menjadi dorongan kuat bagi Utsmani untuk mengklaim posisi khalifah dalam Dunia Muslim.
Uploads
Papers by Muhammad Affan