INDONESIA: Pendidikan pada hakikatnya adalah sebagai wadah siswa dalam mengeksplor bakat dan mina... more INDONESIA: Pendidikan pada hakikatnya adalah sebagai wadah siswa dalam mengeksplor bakat dan minat siswa. Pengembangan program empowering di SMA Islam Kepanjen Malang dilakukan tidak terlepas sebagai salah satu usaha untuk memberikan pelayanan Pendidikan kepada siswa, dengan tujuan agar siswanya mempunyai ketrampilan nanti dapat memilii ketrampilan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang ada di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menjelaskan konsep program empowering untuk membentuk niat berwirausaha siswa IPS di SMA Islam Kepanejen. (2) menjelaskan implementasi program empowering dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewirausahaan siswa IPS di SMA Islam Kepanjen.. (3) menjelaskan kendala yang ada didalam program empowering dan solusi yang dilakukan di SMA Islam Kepanjen. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka digunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang diunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Data dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan terakhir penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) program empowering merupakan salah satu wadah yang disediakan SMA Islam Kepanjen sehingga siswa SMA Islam Kepanjen tidak hanya mampu dibidang IPTEK namun juga dalam bidang pengetahuan keteerampilan sehingga mempunyai skill yang mumpuni untuk bisa bersaing di era global (2) penerapan program empowering di SMA Islam Kepanjen ini bersifat wajib bagi kelas X dan XI (3) adapun kendala yang dihadapi adalah (a) keterbatasan waktu, keterbatasan ruang kelas dan guru empowering. Sedangkan solusinya yaitu (a) tambahan alokasi waktu dan ruang kelas serta guru empowering. ENGLISH: Education is essentially a place for students to explore their talents and interests. The development of empowering programs at Kepanjen Islamic High School in Malang is carried out as an effort to provide education services to students, with the aim that students to be able to acquire skills which are in accordance with the needs of the society. The purposes of this study were to: (1) explain the concept of empowering programs to form the intention of entrepreneurship of social sciences students at Kepanjen Islamic High School. (2) explain the implementation of empowering programs in learning entrepreneurship education for social sciences students at Kepanjen Islamic High School. (3) explain the obstacles faced in empowering programs and solutions made in Kepanjen Islamic High School. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative descriptive approach is used. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation studies and triangulation. Data were analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and finally drawing conclusions. The results showed that: (1) empowering program is one of the vessel provided by Kepanjen Islamic High School so that Kepanjen Islamic High School students are not only capable in the field of science and technology but also in the field of skill knowledge so that they have competent skills to compete in the global era (2) empowering programs in Kepanjen Islamic High School are mandatory for classes X and XI students (3) while the obstacles faced are (a) time constraints, limited classrooms and empowering teachers. However, the solution suggested is (a) additional time and class allocations and empowering teachers.
The current emergence of the COVID-19 virus has originated a global disaster due to the unavailab... more The current emergence of the COVID-19 virus has originated a global disaster due to the unavailability of any type of vaccine or drug which can be effective and determined to combat it. Naturally, various probabilities (such as herbal remedies with known medical importance) have been investigated by scientists. Research of systematic scientific (starting from silico research) of herbal medicine in specific and any type of drug in common is now possible that is building blocks (proteins) of COVID-19 which are already being identified. Mpro or 3CLpro is the main protease of the COVID-19 virus which have an important CoV enzyme and an attractive drug target because it plays a very important role in the viral replication and transcription. By using molecular docking scientist’s aims to explore bioactive chemicals which are found in medicinal plants such as potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors. Molecular docking was performed by Autodock 4.2, and the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm, for analy...
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology, 2021
Starting from the end of 2019 the new SARs-CoV-2 virus, in the period of a few months, had spread... more Starting from the end of 2019 the new SARs-CoV-2 virus, in the period of a few months, had spread to 210 countries and its territories. The Wuhan wild animal market, in Hubei province, China is considered the epicenter of this pandemic. WHO declared the name COVID-19 to designate the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is the third coronavirus pandemic after SARS in 2002–2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012. Genome sequencing of this new COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 virus shows slight genetic diversity when compared to other coronaviruses. Owing to its pathogenesis, and less known replication cycle, no universal antiviral treatment can be applied and vaccine preparation is still a larger challenge. The present article will highlight transmission, pandemic status, genetic diversity current antiviral therapy, and vaccine trials for COVID-19. 1. Introduction. 2. Pathogenesis of coronaviruses. 3. Genetic diversity. 4. Transmission. 5. Vaccination strategies against COVID-19. 6. In Process Vaccinatio...
Objective: To determine the effects of cognition improvement strategies on academic performance, ... more Objective: To determine the effects of cognition improvement strategies on academic performance, stress and sleep quality of medical students. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted att he Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from March 2019 to March 2020, and comprised medical students regardless of gender and academic year. Academic performance was assessed through grade point average, while stress and sleep were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Result: Of the 770 subjects, 748(97%) formed the final sample with mean age 20.32±1.49 years; 619(82.7%) females and 129(17.2%) males. Overall, there were 655(87.6%) consumers of cognitive enhancers and 93(12.4%) non-cunsumers. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of consumers was 6.05±3.306, while that of non-consumers was 5.80±3.701. The respective mean Perceived Stress Scale scores were 21.18±6.09 and 20.5±6.8. There was no significant...
Viral Cancer is one of leading cause of death worldwide. Viral cancers included liver cancer, ana... more Viral Cancer is one of leading cause of death worldwide. Viral cancers included liver cancer, anal cancer, oral, neck and head cancer etc. World health organization stated that 11.9% of human cancer is caused by one of the seven viruses. In most developed countries of world, viral cancer is big issue; however, notable improvements have been made in development of medical treatment and early detection of the disease over the last thirty years and surviving rate of the patients have been improved. Herbal medicine consists of plant extract or different mixtures of plant extract to cure disease and promote better health. Herbal drugs from natural compounds are preferred than allopathic due to their less side effects. Here attempt has been made to compile the medicinal plants having antiviral cancer activity. The bibliographic study is carried out to collect the material from internet source, review papers, text books and from original research papers. Many medicinal plants and their iso...
Thyroid hormones interact with specific receptors on myocardial and vascular<br>endothelial... more Thyroid hormones interact with specific receptors on myocardial and vascular<br>endothelial tissues to induce chemical changes and these tissues are very<br>sensitive for a small fluctuation in circulating thyroid hormones. The obtained<br>data from different experimental and clinical studies revealed significance of<br>normal thyroid hormones to maintain the cardiovascular homeostasis. Even<br>subtle fluctuation in the concentration of thyroid hormone as in subclinical<br>hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism could significantly affect the cardiovascular<br>system. In this review article we will understand how thyroid hormones interacts<br>with specific receptors on myocytes and induces many genomic as well as nongenomic alterations directly and indirectly including due to dyslipidemia, blood<br>pressure changes and endothelial dysfunction. <br>
Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chroni... more Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the decline in kidney function for more than 3 months. This study was designed to investigate comorbidities associated with CKD and to evaluate biochemical parameters of patients undergoing regular hemodialysis from different areas of Punjab. This is a population-based study, conducted at Tahir Heart Institute, Chenab-Nagar, Pakistan. In which 26 (15 males and 11 female) patients (mean age 56 ± 6 years) diagnosed with CKD stage-v and initiated dialysis in a regular manner. Their renal function tests, liver function tests, electrolytes, albumin, and vitamin-D were performed, and appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results showed that CKD affects more males than females. Hypertension is leading comorbidity with CKD around 46%, hypertension, and diabetes both 26.9%, diabetes 15.4%, cardiovascular diseases 7.69% and other 3.8%. Level of urea, creatinine, pota...
Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chroni... more Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the decline in kidney function for more than 3 months. This study was designed to investigate comorbidities associated with CKD and to evaluate biochemical parameters of patients undergoing regular hemodialysis from different areas of Punjab. This is a population-based study, conducted at Tahir Heart Institute, Chenab-Nagar, Pakistan. In which 26 (15 males and 11 female) patients (mean age 56 ± 6 years) diagnosed with CKD stage-v and initiated dialysis in a regular manner. Their renal function tests, liver function tests, electrolytes, albumin, and vitamin-D were performed, and appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results showed that CKD affects more males than females. Hypertension is leading comorbidity with CKD around 46%, hypertension, and diabetes both 26.9%, diabetes 15.4%, cardiovascular diseases 7.69% and other 3.8%. Level of urea, creatinine, pota...
Nuts as dry fruits are nutrients rich foods that have high amount of phytochemicals like unsatura... more Nuts as dry fruits are nutrients rich foods that have high amount of phytochemicals like unsaturated fatty acids,<br>proteins, fibers, carbohydrates, flavonoides, phytosteroides and antioxidants. Other nutritional components that are also<br>present in nuts include vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Nuts have been proposed as an important component of optimal diets for reducing the risk of chronic heart disease. Anti-inflammatory properties present in nuts, maintain the weight and increase insulin sensitivity. Phytosterols present in nuts have a role in regulating the blood cholesterol level. The essential elements omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are also present in walnut and these elements have a more beneficial effect on heart brain and neurotransmitters. Polyunsaturated fatty acids like linolenic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid are also present in nuts which have a potential role in the human body to maintain the low-density lipoproteins and high-density...
Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various inter... more Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross-linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad-scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.
Heavy metals play an important role in the homeostasis of living cells. However, these elements i... more Heavy metals play an important role in the homeostasis of living cells. However, these elements induce several adverse environmental effects and toxicities, and therefore seriously affect living cells and organisms. In recent years, some heavy metal pollutants have been reported to cause harmful effects on crop quality, and thus affect both food security and human health. For example, chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, and mercury were detected in natural foods. Evidence suggests that these elements are environmental contaminants in natural foods. Consequently, this review highlights the risks of heavy metal contamination of the soil and food crops, and their impact on human health. The data were retrieved from different databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google scholar, and the Directory of Open Access Journals. Results show that vegetable and fruit crops grown in polluted soil accumulate higher levels of heavy metals than crops grown in unpolluted soil. Moreover, heavy metals...
Chemotherapeutic agents produce from numerous sources such as animals, plants and micro-organisms... more Chemotherapeutic agents produce from numerous sources such as animals, plants and micro-organisms are derived from the natural products. Although the existing therapeutic pipeline lacks fungal-derived metabolites, but hundreds of secondary metabolites derived from fungi are known to be possible chemotherapies. Over the past three decades, several secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic and polyketides have been developed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae species with exciting activities that considered valued for the growth of new chemotherapeutic agents. Many secondary metabolites are protective compounds which prevent abiotic and biotic stresses, i.e. predation, infection, drought and ultraviolet. Though not taking part in a living cell’s central metabolism, secondary metabolites play an important role in the function of an organism. Nevertheless, due to slow biomass build-up and inadequate synthesis by the natural host the yield of secondary metabolites is low by ...
Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2020
Zika virus is an icosahedral, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, a member of the family Flaviv... more Zika virus is an icosahedral, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes. Unique features of Zika virus infection are sexual and transplacental transmission and associated neurological morbidities. The main objective of our review is to summarize the most of current information including epidemiology and pathophysiology of routes of transmission, prevalence, mode of infection, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine strategies of Zika viral infection. This article is helpful to improve the treatment of Zika viral infection which will be beneficial for society. There are two different methods to diagnose the viral infection through RT-PCR and RNA NAT analysis. Vaccines have been developed against Zika virus, DNA vaccine effects actively than mRNA and live attenuated vaccines, due to its unique mode of infection. Treatment of Zika fever is supportive and primarily involves acetaminophen for fever, hea...
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Foley catheter balloon tamp... more Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Foley catheter balloon tamponade inpostpartum haemorrhage at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Abbottabad.Study Design: Descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department CMH Abbottabad, from Sep 2016 to Mar2017.Material and Methods: Patients who developed postpartum haemorrhage after caesarean section (CS) and were treated with intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) using a Foley catheter were identified by review of medical records. Patient’s demographic data, obstetric history, type of CS, cause of haemorrhage and transfusion history were extracted. Data was entered, coded and analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics software. Descriptive statistics wereproduced.Results: A total of 26 patients were included with mean age of 29.2 ± 5.23 years. More than two-thirds of thepatients were multi-gravida and around three-quarters were at full term. The most frequent cause for postpartum haemorrhage...
Probiotics are live microbes that confer beneficial health effects to the host when administered ... more Probiotics are live microbes that confer beneficial health effects to the host when administered in sufficient amount. The dead bacteria may express the properties of probiotic components. The most common strains of probiotics are lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, these are also present in functional food stuffs mostly in dairy and fermented foods. The use of probiotics based on the goal of producing food microbes that are healthy for intestine and food ingestion. Basically, the purpose of probiotics is to prevent from pathogens and maintain the proper gastrointestinal functions. The probiotics ameliorate many digestive disorders included, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome and antibiotic associated diarrhea. Probiotics also treat other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, liver diseases, cancer and in the treatment of HIV. The patients of HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy, they, may have dysbiosis of gut microbiom. The probiotics are useful f...
INDONESIA: Pendidikan pada hakikatnya adalah sebagai wadah siswa dalam mengeksplor bakat dan mina... more INDONESIA: Pendidikan pada hakikatnya adalah sebagai wadah siswa dalam mengeksplor bakat dan minat siswa. Pengembangan program empowering di SMA Islam Kepanjen Malang dilakukan tidak terlepas sebagai salah satu usaha untuk memberikan pelayanan Pendidikan kepada siswa, dengan tujuan agar siswanya mempunyai ketrampilan nanti dapat memilii ketrampilan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang ada di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menjelaskan konsep program empowering untuk membentuk niat berwirausaha siswa IPS di SMA Islam Kepanejen. (2) menjelaskan implementasi program empowering dalam pembelajaran pendidikan kewirausahaan siswa IPS di SMA Islam Kepanjen.. (3) menjelaskan kendala yang ada didalam program empowering dan solusi yang dilakukan di SMA Islam Kepanjen. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, maka digunakan pendekatan kualitatif bersifat deskriptif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data yang diunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan triangulasi. Data dianalisis dengan cara mereduksi data, menyajikan data dan terakhir penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) program empowering merupakan salah satu wadah yang disediakan SMA Islam Kepanjen sehingga siswa SMA Islam Kepanjen tidak hanya mampu dibidang IPTEK namun juga dalam bidang pengetahuan keteerampilan sehingga mempunyai skill yang mumpuni untuk bisa bersaing di era global (2) penerapan program empowering di SMA Islam Kepanjen ini bersifat wajib bagi kelas X dan XI (3) adapun kendala yang dihadapi adalah (a) keterbatasan waktu, keterbatasan ruang kelas dan guru empowering. Sedangkan solusinya yaitu (a) tambahan alokasi waktu dan ruang kelas serta guru empowering. ENGLISH: Education is essentially a place for students to explore their talents and interests. The development of empowering programs at Kepanjen Islamic High School in Malang is carried out as an effort to provide education services to students, with the aim that students to be able to acquire skills which are in accordance with the needs of the society. The purposes of this study were to: (1) explain the concept of empowering programs to form the intention of entrepreneurship of social sciences students at Kepanjen Islamic High School. (2) explain the implementation of empowering programs in learning entrepreneurship education for social sciences students at Kepanjen Islamic High School. (3) explain the obstacles faced in empowering programs and solutions made in Kepanjen Islamic High School. To achieve these objectives, a qualitative descriptive approach is used. The data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation studies and triangulation. Data were analyzed by reducing data, presenting data and finally drawing conclusions. The results showed that: (1) empowering program is one of the vessel provided by Kepanjen Islamic High School so that Kepanjen Islamic High School students are not only capable in the field of science and technology but also in the field of skill knowledge so that they have competent skills to compete in the global era (2) empowering programs in Kepanjen Islamic High School are mandatory for classes X and XI students (3) while the obstacles faced are (a) time constraints, limited classrooms and empowering teachers. However, the solution suggested is (a) additional time and class allocations and empowering teachers.
The current emergence of the COVID-19 virus has originated a global disaster due to the unavailab... more The current emergence of the COVID-19 virus has originated a global disaster due to the unavailability of any type of vaccine or drug which can be effective and determined to combat it. Naturally, various probabilities (such as herbal remedies with known medical importance) have been investigated by scientists. Research of systematic scientific (starting from silico research) of herbal medicine in specific and any type of drug in common is now possible that is building blocks (proteins) of COVID-19 which are already being identified. Mpro or 3CLpro is the main protease of the COVID-19 virus which have an important CoV enzyme and an attractive drug target because it plays a very important role in the viral replication and transcription. By using molecular docking scientist’s aims to explore bioactive chemicals which are found in medicinal plants such as potential COVID-19 Mpro inhibitors. Molecular docking was performed by Autodock 4.2, and the Lamarckian Genetic Algorithm, for analy...
Postępy Mikrobiologii - Advancements of Microbiology, 2021
Starting from the end of 2019 the new SARs-CoV-2 virus, in the period of a few months, had spread... more Starting from the end of 2019 the new SARs-CoV-2 virus, in the period of a few months, had spread to 210 countries and its territories. The Wuhan wild animal market, in Hubei province, China is considered the epicenter of this pandemic. WHO declared the name COVID-19 to designate the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is the third coronavirus pandemic after SARS in 2002–2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012. Genome sequencing of this new COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 virus shows slight genetic diversity when compared to other coronaviruses. Owing to its pathogenesis, and less known replication cycle, no universal antiviral treatment can be applied and vaccine preparation is still a larger challenge. The present article will highlight transmission, pandemic status, genetic diversity current antiviral therapy, and vaccine trials for COVID-19. 1. Introduction. 2. Pathogenesis of coronaviruses. 3. Genetic diversity. 4. Transmission. 5. Vaccination strategies against COVID-19. 6. In Process Vaccinatio...
Objective: To determine the effects of cognition improvement strategies on academic performance, ... more Objective: To determine the effects of cognition improvement strategies on academic performance, stress and sleep quality of medical students. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted att he Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, from March 2019 to March 2020, and comprised medical students regardless of gender and academic year. Academic performance was assessed through grade point average, while stress and sleep were assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. Result: Of the 770 subjects, 748(97%) formed the final sample with mean age 20.32±1.49 years; 619(82.7%) females and 129(17.2%) males. Overall, there were 655(87.6%) consumers of cognitive enhancers and 93(12.4%) non-cunsumers. The mean Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score of consumers was 6.05±3.306, while that of non-consumers was 5.80±3.701. The respective mean Perceived Stress Scale scores were 21.18±6.09 and 20.5±6.8. There was no significant...
Viral Cancer is one of leading cause of death worldwide. Viral cancers included liver cancer, ana... more Viral Cancer is one of leading cause of death worldwide. Viral cancers included liver cancer, anal cancer, oral, neck and head cancer etc. World health organization stated that 11.9% of human cancer is caused by one of the seven viruses. In most developed countries of world, viral cancer is big issue; however, notable improvements have been made in development of medical treatment and early detection of the disease over the last thirty years and surviving rate of the patients have been improved. Herbal medicine consists of plant extract or different mixtures of plant extract to cure disease and promote better health. Herbal drugs from natural compounds are preferred than allopathic due to their less side effects. Here attempt has been made to compile the medicinal plants having antiviral cancer activity. The bibliographic study is carried out to collect the material from internet source, review papers, text books and from original research papers. Many medicinal plants and their iso...
Thyroid hormones interact with specific receptors on myocardial and vascular<br>endothelial... more Thyroid hormones interact with specific receptors on myocardial and vascular<br>endothelial tissues to induce chemical changes and these tissues are very<br>sensitive for a small fluctuation in circulating thyroid hormones. The obtained<br>data from different experimental and clinical studies revealed significance of<br>normal thyroid hormones to maintain the cardiovascular homeostasis. Even<br>subtle fluctuation in the concentration of thyroid hormone as in subclinical<br>hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism could significantly affect the cardiovascular<br>system. In this review article we will understand how thyroid hormones interacts<br>with specific receptors on myocytes and induces many genomic as well as nongenomic alterations directly and indirectly including due to dyslipidemia, blood<br>pressure changes and endothelial dysfunction. <br>
Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chroni... more Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the decline in kidney function for more than 3 months. This study was designed to investigate comorbidities associated with CKD and to evaluate biochemical parameters of patients undergoing regular hemodialysis from different areas of Punjab. This is a population-based study, conducted at Tahir Heart Institute, Chenab-Nagar, Pakistan. In which 26 (15 males and 11 female) patients (mean age 56 ± 6 years) diagnosed with CKD stage-v and initiated dialysis in a regular manner. Their renal function tests, liver function tests, electrolytes, albumin, and vitamin-D were performed, and appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results showed that CKD affects more males than females. Hypertension is leading comorbidity with CKD around 46%, hypertension, and diabetes both 26.9%, diabetes 15.4%, cardiovascular diseases 7.69% and other 3.8%. Level of urea, creatinine, pota...
Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chroni... more Kidneys play a vital role in the removal of metabolic waste products in the form of urine. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the decline in kidney function for more than 3 months. This study was designed to investigate comorbidities associated with CKD and to evaluate biochemical parameters of patients undergoing regular hemodialysis from different areas of Punjab. This is a population-based study, conducted at Tahir Heart Institute, Chenab-Nagar, Pakistan. In which 26 (15 males and 11 female) patients (mean age 56 ± 6 years) diagnosed with CKD stage-v and initiated dialysis in a regular manner. Their renal function tests, liver function tests, electrolytes, albumin, and vitamin-D were performed, and appropriate statistical analysis was done. Results showed that CKD affects more males than females. Hypertension is leading comorbidity with CKD around 46%, hypertension, and diabetes both 26.9%, diabetes 15.4%, cardiovascular diseases 7.69% and other 3.8%. Level of urea, creatinine, pota...
Nuts as dry fruits are nutrients rich foods that have high amount of phytochemicals like unsatura... more Nuts as dry fruits are nutrients rich foods that have high amount of phytochemicals like unsaturated fatty acids,<br>proteins, fibers, carbohydrates, flavonoides, phytosteroides and antioxidants. Other nutritional components that are also<br>present in nuts include vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. Nuts have been proposed as an important component of optimal diets for reducing the risk of chronic heart disease. Anti-inflammatory properties present in nuts, maintain the weight and increase insulin sensitivity. Phytosterols present in nuts have a role in regulating the blood cholesterol level. The essential elements omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids are also present in walnut and these elements have a more beneficial effect on heart brain and neurotransmitters. Polyunsaturated fatty acids like linolenic acid and monounsaturated fatty acid are also present in nuts which have a potential role in the human body to maintain the low-density lipoproteins and high-density...
Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various inter... more Polysaccharides are biobased polymers obtained from renewable sources. They exhibit various interesting features including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and nontoxicity. Microbial polysaccharides are produced by several microorganisms including yeast, fungi, algae, and bacteria. Microbial polysaccharides have gained high importance in biotechnology due to their novel physiochemical characteristics and composition. Among microbial polysaccharides, xanthan, alginate, gellan, and dextran are the most commonly reported polysaccharides for the development of biomimetic materials for biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery, wound healing, and tissue engineering. Several chemical and physical cross-linking reactions are performed to increase their technological and functional properties. Owning to the broad-scale applications of microbial polysaccharides, this review aims to summarize the characteristics with different ways of physical/chemical crosslinking for polysaccharide regulation. Recently, several biopolymers have gained high importance due to their biologically active properties. This will help in the formation of bioactive nutraceuticals and functional foods. This review provides a perspective on microbial polysaccharides, with special emphasis given to applications in promising biosectors and the subsequent advancement on the discovery and development of new polysaccharides for adding new products.
Heavy metals play an important role in the homeostasis of living cells. However, these elements i... more Heavy metals play an important role in the homeostasis of living cells. However, these elements induce several adverse environmental effects and toxicities, and therefore seriously affect living cells and organisms. In recent years, some heavy metal pollutants have been reported to cause harmful effects on crop quality, and thus affect both food security and human health. For example, chromium, cadmium, copper, lead, and mercury were detected in natural foods. Evidence suggests that these elements are environmental contaminants in natural foods. Consequently, this review highlights the risks of heavy metal contamination of the soil and food crops, and their impact on human health. The data were retrieved from different databases such as Science Direct, PubMed, Google scholar, and the Directory of Open Access Journals. Results show that vegetable and fruit crops grown in polluted soil accumulate higher levels of heavy metals than crops grown in unpolluted soil. Moreover, heavy metals...
Chemotherapeutic agents produce from numerous sources such as animals, plants and micro-organisms... more Chemotherapeutic agents produce from numerous sources such as animals, plants and micro-organisms are derived from the natural products. Although the existing therapeutic pipeline lacks fungal-derived metabolites, but hundreds of secondary metabolites derived from fungi are known to be possible chemotherapies. Over the past three decades, several secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic and polyketides have been developed by Saccharomyces cerevisiae species with exciting activities that considered valued for the growth of new chemotherapeutic agents. Many secondary metabolites are protective compounds which prevent abiotic and biotic stresses, i.e. predation, infection, drought and ultraviolet. Though not taking part in a living cell’s central metabolism, secondary metabolites play an important role in the function of an organism. Nevertheless, due to slow biomass build-up and inadequate synthesis by the natural host the yield of secondary metabolites is low by ...
Pakistan Journal of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, 2020
Zika virus is an icosahedral, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, a member of the family Flaviv... more Zika virus is an icosahedral, enveloped, single-stranded RNA virus, a member of the family Flaviviridae, transmitted to humans by Aedes species mosquitoes. Unique features of Zika virus infection are sexual and transplacental transmission and associated neurological morbidities. The main objective of our review is to summarize the most of current information including epidemiology and pathophysiology of routes of transmission, prevalence, mode of infection, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and vaccine strategies of Zika viral infection. This article is helpful to improve the treatment of Zika viral infection which will be beneficial for society. There are two different methods to diagnose the viral infection through RT-PCR and RNA NAT analysis. Vaccines have been developed against Zika virus, DNA vaccine effects actively than mRNA and live attenuated vaccines, due to its unique mode of infection. Treatment of Zika fever is supportive and primarily involves acetaminophen for fever, hea...
Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Foley catheter balloon tamp... more Objective: This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of Foley catheter balloon tamponade inpostpartum haemorrhage at Combined Military Hospital (CMH) Abbottabad.Study Design: Descriptive study.Place and Duration of Study: Obstetrics & Gynaecology Department CMH Abbottabad, from Sep 2016 to Mar2017.Material and Methods: Patients who developed postpartum haemorrhage after caesarean section (CS) and were treated with intrauterine balloon tamponade (IUBT) using a Foley catheter were identified by review of medical records. Patient’s demographic data, obstetric history, type of CS, cause of haemorrhage and transfusion history were extracted. Data was entered, coded and analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics software. Descriptive statistics wereproduced.Results: A total of 26 patients were included with mean age of 29.2 ± 5.23 years. More than two-thirds of thepatients were multi-gravida and around three-quarters were at full term. The most frequent cause for postpartum haemorrhage...
Probiotics are live microbes that confer beneficial health effects to the host when administered ... more Probiotics are live microbes that confer beneficial health effects to the host when administered in sufficient amount. The dead bacteria may express the properties of probiotic components. The most common strains of probiotics are lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, these are also present in functional food stuffs mostly in dairy and fermented foods. The use of probiotics based on the goal of producing food microbes that are healthy for intestine and food ingestion. Basically, the purpose of probiotics is to prevent from pathogens and maintain the proper gastrointestinal functions. The probiotics ameliorate many digestive disorders included, lactose intolerance, irritable bowel syndrome and antibiotic associated diarrhea. Probiotics also treat other diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, obesity, liver diseases, cancer and in the treatment of HIV. The patients of HIV who are on antiretroviral therapy, they, may have dysbiosis of gut microbiom. The probiotics are useful f...
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