Antimicrobials are a type of agent widely used to prevent various microbial infections in humans ... more Antimicrobials are a type of agent widely used to prevent various microbial infections in humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance is a major cause of clinical antimicrobial therapy failure, and it has become a major public health concern around the world. Increasing the development of multiple antimicrobials has become available for humans and animals with no appropriate guidance. As a result, inappropriate use of antimicrobials has significantly produced antimicrobial resistance. However, an increasing number of infections such as sepsis are untreatable due to this antimicrobial resistance. In either case, life-saving drugs are rendered ineffective in most cases. The actual causes of antimicrobial resistance are complex and versatile. A lack of adequate health services, unoptimized use of antimicrobials in humans and animals, poor water and sanitation systems, wide gaps in access and research and development in healthcare technologies, and environmental pollution have vital im...
Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectiou... more Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectious diseases are a worldwide burden that have been deteriorating because of the improvement of species impervious to various anti-infection agents. Hence, the distinguishing proof of antimicrobial specialists with high-power dynamic against MDR microorganisms is central to conquer this issue. Successful treatment of infection involves the improvement of new drugs or some common source of novel medications. Numerous naturally occurring antimicrobial agents can be of plant origin, animal origin, microbial origin, etc. Many plant and animal products have antimicrobial activities due to various active principles, secondary metabolites, or phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, lectins, phagocytic cells, and many other organic constituents. Phytocomplexes’ antimicrobial movement frequently results from a few particles acting in cooperative energy, and th...
This is an ongoing study done in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) during the... more This is an ongoing study done in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) during the period April 2002 to October 2007, few cases were done in Eurobangla Heart Hospital, Lab Aid Cardiac Hospital & National Heart Foundation, SSMC & MH, Metropolitan Medical Center. Total number of study population was 600 with male 550…
The ethanolic extract of fruits of Trapa bispinosa Roxb (Family: Trapaceae) was screened for its ... more The ethanolic extract of fruits of Trapa bispinosa Roxb (Family: Trapaceae) was screened for its antidiarrheal, analgesic and antioxidant activities. The fruit extract showed a significant (P<0.01) antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induce diarrhea in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. In acetic acid induced writhing test the extract, at the dose of 500 mg/kg, exhibited a maximum of 50.17% inhibition (P<0.01) of writhing reflex compared to the reference drug diclofenac sodium 55.22% (P<0.01). The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The extract showed antioxidant activity (IC 50 about 08 g/ml) which was comparable to standard drug ascorbic acid (IC 50 about 10 g/ml). The results tend to suggest that the extract might possess some chemical constituents that are responsible for antidiarrheal,...
In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of... more In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. Recent studies revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the host body. CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and patients favor death over chronic kidney disease. For the function of gut microbiota in the host, molecules have to penetrate the intestinal epithelium or the surface cells of the host. Gut microbiota can utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and primary and secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, the gut microbiota can cause heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. Previous studies of the gut microbio...
: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that influences the endocrine framework. Hyperglycem... more : Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that influences the endocrine framework. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are two of the most widely recognized metabolic irregularities in diabetes and two of the most well-known reasons for diabetic intricacies. Diabetes mellitus is a persistent illness brought about by metabolic irregularities in hyperglycemic pancreatic cells. Hyperglycemia can be brought about by an absence of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or inadequate insulin creation that does not work effectively (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). Present diabetes medication directs blood glucose levels in the systemic circulation to the typical levels. Numerous advanced prescription medicines have many negative results that can bring about unexpected severe issues during treatment of the bioactive compound from a different source that is beneficially affected by controlling and adjusting metabolic pathways or cycles. Moreover, a few new bioactive medications disengaged from plants have shown antidiabetic action with more noteworthy adequacy than the oral hypoglycemic agent that specialists have utilized in clinical treatment lately. Since bioactive mixtures are collected from familiar sources, they have a great activity in controlling diabetes mellitus. This study discusses bioactive compounds, their activity in managing diabetes mellitus, and their prospects. Though bioactive compounds have many health-beneficial properties, adequate clinical studies still need to acknowledge that they effectively manage diabetes mellitus.
Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structur... more Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structure. Mutation in the lamin A/C leads to a group of inherited disorders is known as laminopathies. In the human body, there are several mutations in the LMNA gene that have been identified. It can affect diverse organs or tissues or can be systemic, causing different diseases. In this review, we mainly focused on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). HGPS is an immensely uncommon, deadly, metameric ill-timed laminopathies caused by the abnormal splicing of the LMNA gene and production of an aberrant protein known as progerin. Here, we also presented the currently available data on the molecular mechanism, pathophysiology, available treatment, and future approaches to this deadly disease. Due to the production of progerin, an abnormal protein leads to an abnormality in nuclear structure, defects in DNA repair, shortening of telomere, and impairmen...
The investigation was conducted with methanolic fru it extract of Averrhoa carambola for its anti... more The investigation was conducted with methanolic fru it extract of Averrhoa carambola for its antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Antibacterial activity of the extract w as evaluated against various Gram-positive and Gram -negative bacteria using disk diffusion technique. For cytotoxic activ ity, brine shrimp lethality bioassay was performed to estimate LC50 values. In our preliminary screening, the n-hexane, water and dichloromethane soluble fraction s f the crude methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola were subjected to antibacterial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The water and dichloromethane soluble partitionate of the methano l extract of Averrhoa carambola exhibited mild to moderate antibacterial activity. Water extract of the said p lant showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus (Gram positive) while dichloromethane its extract showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi (Gram-negative). ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible... more Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current global pandemic, which first emerged in December 2019. This coronavirus has affected 217 countries worldwide, most of which have enacted non-remedial preventive measures, such as nationwide lockdowns, work from home, travel bans, and social isolation. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, technologists, and other healthcare professionals have played pivotal roles during this pandemic. Unfortunately, confirmed drugs have not been identified for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2; however, favipiravir and remdesivir have been reported as promising antiviral drugs. Some vaccines have already been developed, and vaccination is ongoing globally. Various nanotechnologies are currently being developed in many countries for preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread and treating COVID-19 infections. In this article, we present an overview of the COVI...
The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of drug use in public health facilities... more The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of drug use in public health facilities in Bangladesh. Based on INRUD indicators of rational drug use were obtained from January-December in 2014. Average number of drugs per encounter was 3. On average the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 49. Antibiotics were prescribed in 44% of prescriptions. 59 % of drugs prescribed appeared on the national essential drug list. Average consulting and dispensing time were observed to be 2 minutes and 22 seconds respectively. Patients who could repeat the correct drug dose schedule was 36%. Key drugs available in the health complexes were 51%. The average cost of drugs per encounter was Tk. 236. The average number of encounters with antibiotics per Upozila health complex was 13 and average cost of antibiotics per encounter was found to be Tk. 211. The prevalence of acute respiratory infection, dysentery, diarrhea, scabies, fungal infection and worm infection were 16.67, 18...
Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment
Abstract: Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it’s very familiar to many but its neurob... more Abstract: Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it’s very familiar to many but its neurobiological substrates are not well-characterized. In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with behavioral control and cognitive effects due to cannabinoids. Study over the last several decades suggested cannabinoids (CBs) exert copious oftentimes opposite effects on countless neuronal receptors and processes. In fact, owing to this plethora of effects, it’s still cryptic how CBs trigger neuronal circuits. Cannabis use has been revealed to cause cognitive deficits from basic motor coordination to more complex executive functions, for example, the aptitude to plan, organize, make choices, solve glitches, remember, and control emotions as well as behavior. Numerous factors like age of onset and duration of cannabis use regulate the severity of the difficulties. People with the cannabis-linked deficiency in executive functions have been found to have trouble learning and applying the skills requisite for fruitful recovery, setting them at amplified risk for deterioration to cannabis use. Exploring the impacts of cannabis on the brain is imperative. Therefore the intention of this study was to analyze the neuropsychological effects and the impact of CBs on the dynamics of neural circuits, and its potential as the drug of addiction.
Antimicrobials are a type of agent widely used to prevent various microbial infections in humans ... more Antimicrobials are a type of agent widely used to prevent various microbial infections in humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance is a major cause of clinical antimicrobial therapy failure, and it has become a major public health concern around the world. Increasing the development of multiple antimicrobials has become available for humans and animals with no appropriate guidance. As a result, inappropriate use of antimicrobials has significantly produced antimicrobial resistance. However, an increasing number of infections such as sepsis are untreatable due to this antimicrobial resistance. In either case, life-saving drugs are rendered ineffective in most cases. The actual causes of antimicrobial resistance are complex and versatile. A lack of adequate health services, unoptimized use of antimicrobials in humans and animals, poor water and sanitation systems, wide gaps in access and research and development in healthcare technologies, and environmental pollution have vital im...
Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectiou... more Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectious diseases are a worldwide burden that have been deteriorating because of the improvement of species impervious to various anti-infection agents. Hence, the distinguishing proof of antimicrobial specialists with high-power dynamic against MDR microorganisms is central to conquer this issue. Successful treatment of infection involves the improvement of new drugs or some common source of novel medications. Numerous naturally occurring antimicrobial agents can be of plant origin, animal origin, microbial origin, etc. Many plant and animal products have antimicrobial activities due to various active principles, secondary metabolites, or phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, lectins, phagocytic cells, and many other organic constituents. Phytocomplexes’ antimicrobial movement frequently results from a few particles acting in cooperative energy, and th...
This is an ongoing study done in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) during the... more This is an ongoing study done in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) during the period April 2002 to October 2007, few cases were done in Eurobangla Heart Hospital, Lab Aid Cardiac Hospital & National Heart Foundation, SSMC & MH, Metropolitan Medical Center. Total number of study population was 600 with male 550…
The ethanolic extract of fruits of Trapa bispinosa Roxb (Family: Trapaceae) was screened for its ... more The ethanolic extract of fruits of Trapa bispinosa Roxb (Family: Trapaceae) was screened for its antidiarrheal, analgesic and antioxidant activities. The fruit extract showed a significant (P<0.01) antidiarrheal activity against castor oil induce diarrhea in mice in which it decreased the frequency of defecation and increased the mean latent period at the dose of 500 mg/kg body weight. In acetic acid induced writhing test the extract, at the dose of 500 mg/kg, exhibited a maximum of 50.17% inhibition (P<0.01) of writhing reflex compared to the reference drug diclofenac sodium 55.22% (P<0.01). The antioxidant property of the extract was assessed by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay. The extract showed antioxidant activity (IC 50 about 08 g/ml) which was comparable to standard drug ascorbic acid (IC 50 about 10 g/ml). The results tend to suggest that the extract might possess some chemical constituents that are responsible for antidiarrheal,...
In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of... more In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. Recent studies revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the host body. CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and patients favor death over chronic kidney disease. For the function of gut microbiota in the host, molecules have to penetrate the intestinal epithelium or the surface cells of the host. Gut microbiota can utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and primary and secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, the gut microbiota can cause heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. Previous studies of the gut microbio...
: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that influences the endocrine framework. Hyperglycem... more : Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic condition that influences the endocrine framework. Hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia are two of the most widely recognized metabolic irregularities in diabetes and two of the most well-known reasons for diabetic intricacies. Diabetes mellitus is a persistent illness brought about by metabolic irregularities in hyperglycemic pancreatic cells. Hyperglycemia can be brought about by an absence of insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas (Type 1 diabetes mellitus) or inadequate insulin creation that does not work effectively (Type 2 diabetes mellitus). Present diabetes medication directs blood glucose levels in the systemic circulation to the typical levels. Numerous advanced prescription medicines have many negative results that can bring about unexpected severe issues during treatment of the bioactive compound from a different source that is beneficially affected by controlling and adjusting metabolic pathways or cycles. Moreover, a few new bioactive medications disengaged from plants have shown antidiabetic action with more noteworthy adequacy than the oral hypoglycemic agent that specialists have utilized in clinical treatment lately. Since bioactive mixtures are collected from familiar sources, they have a great activity in controlling diabetes mellitus. This study discusses bioactive compounds, their activity in managing diabetes mellitus, and their prospects. Though bioactive compounds have many health-beneficial properties, adequate clinical studies still need to acknowledge that they effectively manage diabetes mellitus.
Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structur... more Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structure. Mutation in the lamin A/C leads to a group of inherited disorders is known as laminopathies. In the human body, there are several mutations in the LMNA gene that have been identified. It can affect diverse organs or tissues or can be systemic, causing different diseases. In this review, we mainly focused on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). HGPS is an immensely uncommon, deadly, metameric ill-timed laminopathies caused by the abnormal splicing of the LMNA gene and production of an aberrant protein known as progerin. Here, we also presented the currently available data on the molecular mechanism, pathophysiology, available treatment, and future approaches to this deadly disease. Due to the production of progerin, an abnormal protein leads to an abnormality in nuclear structure, defects in DNA repair, shortening of telomere, and impairmen...
The investigation was conducted with methanolic fru it extract of Averrhoa carambola for its anti... more The investigation was conducted with methanolic fru it extract of Averrhoa carambola for its antibacterial and cytotoxic activities. Antibacterial activity of the extract w as evaluated against various Gram-positive and Gram -negative bacteria using disk diffusion technique. For cytotoxic activ ity, brine shrimp lethality bioassay was performed to estimate LC50 values. In our preliminary screening, the n-hexane, water and dichloromethane soluble fraction s f the crude methanolic extract of Averrhoa carambola were subjected to antibacterial activity and brine shrimp lethality bioassay. The water and dichloromethane soluble partitionate of the methano l extract of Averrhoa carambola exhibited mild to moderate antibacterial activity. Water extract of the said p lant showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus (Gram positive) while dichloromethane its extract showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi (Gram-negative). ...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible... more Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current global pandemic, which first emerged in December 2019. This coronavirus has affected 217 countries worldwide, most of which have enacted non-remedial preventive measures, such as nationwide lockdowns, work from home, travel bans, and social isolation. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, technologists, and other healthcare professionals have played pivotal roles during this pandemic. Unfortunately, confirmed drugs have not been identified for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2; however, favipiravir and remdesivir have been reported as promising antiviral drugs. Some vaccines have already been developed, and vaccination is ongoing globally. Various nanotechnologies are currently being developed in many countries for preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread and treating COVID-19 infections. In this article, we present an overview of the COVI...
The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of drug use in public health facilities... more The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of drug use in public health facilities in Bangladesh. Based on INRUD indicators of rational drug use were obtained from January-December in 2014. Average number of drugs per encounter was 3. On average the percentage of drugs prescribed by generic name was 49. Antibiotics were prescribed in 44% of prescriptions. 59 % of drugs prescribed appeared on the national essential drug list. Average consulting and dispensing time were observed to be 2 minutes and 22 seconds respectively. Patients who could repeat the correct drug dose schedule was 36%. Key drugs available in the health complexes were 51%. The average cost of drugs per encounter was Tk. 236. The average number of encounters with antibiotics per Upozila health complex was 13 and average cost of antibiotics per encounter was found to be Tk. 211. The prevalence of acute respiratory infection, dysentery, diarrhea, scabies, fungal infection and worm infection were 16.67, 18...
Journal of Intellectual Disability - Diagnosis and Treatment
Abstract: Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it’s very familiar to many but its neurob... more Abstract: Cannabis is a federally controlled substance, it’s very familiar to many but its neurobiological substrates are not well-characterized. In the brain, most areas prevalently having cannabinoid receptors have been associated with behavioral control and cognitive effects due to cannabinoids. Study over the last several decades suggested cannabinoids (CBs) exert copious oftentimes opposite effects on countless neuronal receptors and processes. In fact, owing to this plethora of effects, it’s still cryptic how CBs trigger neuronal circuits. Cannabis use has been revealed to cause cognitive deficits from basic motor coordination to more complex executive functions, for example, the aptitude to plan, organize, make choices, solve glitches, remember, and control emotions as well as behavior. Numerous factors like age of onset and duration of cannabis use regulate the severity of the difficulties. People with the cannabis-linked deficiency in executive functions have been found to have trouble learning and applying the skills requisite for fruitful recovery, setting them at amplified risk for deterioration to cannabis use. Exploring the impacts of cannabis on the brain is imperative. Therefore the intention of this study was to analyze the neuropsychological effects and the impact of CBs on the dynamics of neural circuits, and its potential as the drug of addiction.
Uploads
Papers by Muniruddin Ahmed