Former World Banker. Interested in the economic development of the Middle East and North Africa Region (MENA). Recent research/publications concentrated on Gender and Development in MENA. Now continue with own research and publications. Address: Washington, DC
This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to o... more This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to other regions for trade in services by European firms. Businesses no longer just search for low-cost labor but also seek to tap into the talent markets of emerging countries in knowledge-intensive core business functions. The availability of large talent pools that can be trained and retained is a key deciding factor in the choice of an offshore location, as is the size and the depth of the female labor force. The study finds that the MENA region has the necessary market and labor fundamentals to become a viable near-shoring destination for European firms and that it has a significant advantage associated with its female talent pool. Nonetheless, it also has highly significant disadvantages, due to impediments that women face in joining and staying in the labor market. Overall, the findings suggest that MENA may lose the competition to attract jobs in this growing global sector.
The coronavirus pandemic has had a regressive impact on women’s economic outcomes worldwide. Wome... more The coronavirus pandemic has had a regressive impact on women’s economic outcomes worldwide. Women’s jobs have been 1.8 times more vulnerable than men’s jobs. In Iran, too, the closures and the pandemic have depressed women’s already low economic participation rates by about 20 percent. This paper compares pre-COVID/end of 2019 with the end of 2020 Iranian labor market outcomes, using data from the Statistical Office of Iran. Since the sanctions environment remained unchanged between these two points in time, under the Rouhani government, one can deduct that the differences mainly resulted from the economic impact of the pandemic. Unfortunately, the data for 2021 has not yet been released.
Women, Work and Welfare in the Middle East and North Africa, 2016
This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to o... more This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to other regions for trade in services by European firms. Businesses no longer just search for low-cost labor but also seek to tap into the talent markets of emerging countries in knowledge-intensive core business functions. The availability of large talent pools that can be trained and retained is a key deciding factor in the choice of an offshore location, as is the size and the depth of the female labor force. The study finds that the MENA region has the necessary market and labor fundamentals to become a viable near-shoring destination for European firms and that it has a significant advantage associated with its female talent pool. Nonetheless, it also has highly significant disadvantages, due to impediments that women face in joining and staying in the labor market. Overall, the findings suggest that MENA may lose the competition to attract jobs in this growing global sector.
A key question in judicial reform concerns the extent to which male and female citizens have equa... more A key question in judicial reform concerns the extent to which male and female citizens have equal access to justice, and if they do not, where priority improvements should be targeted. For lack of hard data, most studies of women’s access to justice have used qualitative or anecdotal analyses. We test empirically gender differences in access to justice, using large sets of micro data obtained through comparative cross-country surveys covering roughly equal numbers of men and women. As a proxy for access to justice, we take citizens’ experience in contesting government misconduct. We measure the likelihood of filing a complaint regarding government misconduct, obtaining an unbiased outcome, and experiencing an effective process. We find that women do not file complaints as often as men do, i.e. they do not demand justice as often as men do. But when they do, few differences can be observed in the level and significance of results between men and women. As such, we cannot reject the ...
This Report draws on a wide range of World Bank documents and on numerous outside sources. Backgr... more This Report draws on a wide range of World Bank documents and on numerous outside sources. Background papers and notes were prepared by Sherburne Abbott, G. Acharya, Alain Bertaud, José Brakarz, Kjell Arne Brekke, Tim Campbell, Roberto Chavez, Monica das Gupta, John Dixon, Scott Gates, Nils Petter Gleditsch, Rognvaldur Hannesson, Karla Hoff, Pernille Holtedahl, Eckard Janeba, John Kellenberg, Stein Kuhnle, Huck-ju Kwon, Desmond McNeill, Edgar Ortiz Mtialavasi, S. Mansoob Murshed, Eric Neumayer, Jelena Pantelic, Sanjeev Prakash, Jane Pratt, Per Selle, Guttorm Schjeldrup, Haakon Vennemo, Nicolas Sambanis, Paul Steinberg, Arne Tesli, and Ahmed Zainabi. Background papers for the report are available either on the World Wide Web http://econ.worldbank.org/ wdr/wdr2003/ or through the World Development Report office. The views expressed in these papers are not necessarily those of the World Bank or of this Report. Many people, both inside and outside the World Bank, gave comments to the te...
This report is the outcome of a close working partnership between the public, and private sectors... more This report is the outcome of a close working partnership between the public, and private sectors. It builds on what has gone before, but broadens its scope, encompassing the widely differing regimes, political, economic, and social, within which corporations carry on their activities worldwide. The report stipulates there can be no single, generally applicable corporate governance model; however, from lessons learned, the Bank Group has set the mechanisms for such an exchange of experience. The report recognizes the complexity of the very concept of corporate governance, and thus focuses on the principles on which it is based. These principles - such as transparency, accountability, fairness, and responsibility - are universal in their application. And, the way these are put into practice, has to be determined by those with responsibility for implementing them. The report emphasizes governance initiatives win most support when driven from the bottom up, rather than from the top dow...
In his monumental and seminal book Capital in the Twenty-first Century, Thomas Piketty (2014) met... more In his monumental and seminal book Capital in the Twenty-first Century, Thomas Piketty (2014) meticulously analyzes and presents the cross-country dynamics of income inequality over the past two centuries. He offers a myriad of underlying factors and trends that have over time led to vast wealth and power accumulation of a few and limited upward mobility for the rest. His main argument is that in order to gain wealth and opportunity, birth matters more than effort or talent.
The Iranian economy has underperformed for decades due to a combination of distortionary economic... more The Iranian economy has underperformed for decades due to a combination of distortionary economic policies, mismanagement, and periods of crippling international sanctions. The Sixth Five-Year Economic, Social, and Cultural Plan (2016–2021) aims to correct some of the past mistakes and tackle deep-rooted challenges across the public and private sectors to generate an average 8% GDP growth per annum that can create much-needed jobs and narrow the widening income inequality. Achieving these targets, or even more modest ones, requires significant and broad-based structural and institutional reforms that can be summed up as a new industrial policy. Recent cross-country empirical evidence demonstrates that tinkering with fiscal, monetary, or trade policies is not sufficient. The emerging literature suggests that realizing also women’s economic potential and capitalizing on the female talent pool can be a powerful policy lever to augment and generate growth, diversify the economy, and bui...
This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to o... more This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to other regions for trade in services by European firms. Businesses no longer just search for low-cost labor but also seek to tap into the talent markets of emerging countries in knowledge-intensive core business functions. The availability of large talent pools that can be trained and retained is a key deciding factor in the choice of an offshore location, as is the size and the depth of the female labor force. The study finds that the MENA region has the necessary market and labor fundamentals to become a viable near-shoring destination for European firms and that it has a significant advantage associated with its female talent pool. Nonetheless, it also has highly significant disadvantages, due to impediments that women face in joining and staying in the labor market. Overall, the findings suggest that MENA may lose the competition to attract jobs in this growing global sector.
The coronavirus pandemic has had a regressive impact on women’s economic outcomes worldwide. Wome... more The coronavirus pandemic has had a regressive impact on women’s economic outcomes worldwide. Women’s jobs have been 1.8 times more vulnerable than men’s jobs. In Iran, too, the closures and the pandemic have depressed women’s already low economic participation rates by about 20 percent. This paper compares pre-COVID/end of 2019 with the end of 2020 Iranian labor market outcomes, using data from the Statistical Office of Iran. Since the sanctions environment remained unchanged between these two points in time, under the Rouhani government, one can deduct that the differences mainly resulted from the economic impact of the pandemic. Unfortunately, the data for 2021 has not yet been released.
Women, Work and Welfare in the Middle East and North Africa, 2016
This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to o... more This chapter explores the attractiveness of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) relative to other regions for trade in services by European firms. Businesses no longer just search for low-cost labor but also seek to tap into the talent markets of emerging countries in knowledge-intensive core business functions. The availability of large talent pools that can be trained and retained is a key deciding factor in the choice of an offshore location, as is the size and the depth of the female labor force. The study finds that the MENA region has the necessary market and labor fundamentals to become a viable near-shoring destination for European firms and that it has a significant advantage associated with its female talent pool. Nonetheless, it also has highly significant disadvantages, due to impediments that women face in joining and staying in the labor market. Overall, the findings suggest that MENA may lose the competition to attract jobs in this growing global sector.
A key question in judicial reform concerns the extent to which male and female citizens have equa... more A key question in judicial reform concerns the extent to which male and female citizens have equal access to justice, and if they do not, where priority improvements should be targeted. For lack of hard data, most studies of women’s access to justice have used qualitative or anecdotal analyses. We test empirically gender differences in access to justice, using large sets of micro data obtained through comparative cross-country surveys covering roughly equal numbers of men and women. As a proxy for access to justice, we take citizens’ experience in contesting government misconduct. We measure the likelihood of filing a complaint regarding government misconduct, obtaining an unbiased outcome, and experiencing an effective process. We find that women do not file complaints as often as men do, i.e. they do not demand justice as often as men do. But when they do, few differences can be observed in the level and significance of results between men and women. As such, we cannot reject the ...
This Report draws on a wide range of World Bank documents and on numerous outside sources. Backgr... more This Report draws on a wide range of World Bank documents and on numerous outside sources. Background papers and notes were prepared by Sherburne Abbott, G. Acharya, Alain Bertaud, José Brakarz, Kjell Arne Brekke, Tim Campbell, Roberto Chavez, Monica das Gupta, John Dixon, Scott Gates, Nils Petter Gleditsch, Rognvaldur Hannesson, Karla Hoff, Pernille Holtedahl, Eckard Janeba, John Kellenberg, Stein Kuhnle, Huck-ju Kwon, Desmond McNeill, Edgar Ortiz Mtialavasi, S. Mansoob Murshed, Eric Neumayer, Jelena Pantelic, Sanjeev Prakash, Jane Pratt, Per Selle, Guttorm Schjeldrup, Haakon Vennemo, Nicolas Sambanis, Paul Steinberg, Arne Tesli, and Ahmed Zainabi. Background papers for the report are available either on the World Wide Web http://econ.worldbank.org/ wdr/wdr2003/ or through the World Development Report office. The views expressed in these papers are not necessarily those of the World Bank or of this Report. Many people, both inside and outside the World Bank, gave comments to the te...
This report is the outcome of a close working partnership between the public, and private sectors... more This report is the outcome of a close working partnership between the public, and private sectors. It builds on what has gone before, but broadens its scope, encompassing the widely differing regimes, political, economic, and social, within which corporations carry on their activities worldwide. The report stipulates there can be no single, generally applicable corporate governance model; however, from lessons learned, the Bank Group has set the mechanisms for such an exchange of experience. The report recognizes the complexity of the very concept of corporate governance, and thus focuses on the principles on which it is based. These principles - such as transparency, accountability, fairness, and responsibility - are universal in their application. And, the way these are put into practice, has to be determined by those with responsibility for implementing them. The report emphasizes governance initiatives win most support when driven from the bottom up, rather than from the top dow...
In his monumental and seminal book Capital in the Twenty-first Century, Thomas Piketty (2014) met... more In his monumental and seminal book Capital in the Twenty-first Century, Thomas Piketty (2014) meticulously analyzes and presents the cross-country dynamics of income inequality over the past two centuries. He offers a myriad of underlying factors and trends that have over time led to vast wealth and power accumulation of a few and limited upward mobility for the rest. His main argument is that in order to gain wealth and opportunity, birth matters more than effort or talent.
The Iranian economy has underperformed for decades due to a combination of distortionary economic... more The Iranian economy has underperformed for decades due to a combination of distortionary economic policies, mismanagement, and periods of crippling international sanctions. The Sixth Five-Year Economic, Social, and Cultural Plan (2016–2021) aims to correct some of the past mistakes and tackle deep-rooted challenges across the public and private sectors to generate an average 8% GDP growth per annum that can create much-needed jobs and narrow the widening income inequality. Achieving these targets, or even more modest ones, requires significant and broad-based structural and institutional reforms that can be summed up as a new industrial policy. Recent cross-country empirical evidence demonstrates that tinkering with fiscal, monetary, or trade policies is not sufficient. The emerging literature suggests that realizing also women’s economic potential and capitalizing on the female talent pool can be a powerful policy lever to augment and generate growth, diversify the economy, and bui...
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Papers by Nadereh Chamlou