Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, Jun 27, 2016
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted when infected mosquito probes the host skin. While probi... more Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted when infected mosquito probes the host skin. While probing, mosquito saliva is expectorated into host skin along with virus which contains cocktail of molecules having anti-hemostatic and immunomodulatory properties. As mosquito saliva is a critical factor during natural arboviral infection, therefore we investigated mosquito saliva induced cutaneous events that modulate CHIKV infection. The effect of mosquito saliva on CHIKV infection was examined through inoculation of suckling mice subcutaneously with either CHIKV alone or uninfected mosquito bite followed by CHIKV. Histopathological evaluation of skin revealed infiltration of transmigrated inflammatory cells. Dermal blood vessels were hyperemic and adnexa showed degenerating lesions. Severe hemorrhage was observed in dermis and hypodermis in mosquito bite+CHIKV group compared to CHIKV group. Analysis of cytokines in skin showed significant downregulation of inflammatory genes like TLR-3, ...
Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research, 2015
A complete protocol is presented for in vitro regeneration of Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigra-hi, a... more A complete protocol is presented for in vitro regeneration of Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigra-hi, a biodiesel producing medicinal tree, using cotyledonary nodes derived from axenic seed-lings. Shoot development was induced from cot-yledonary nodes on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 8.88 and 11.1 μM benzyladenine (BA) with or without ad-ditives (silver nitrate (AgNO3) and/or adenine sulphate (Ads)). The maximum number of shoot bud (24.33 buds/explant) and elongated shoots (8.33 shoots/explants) was developed on a medi-um containing 8.88 μM BA with 11.84 μM AgNO3 and 108.6 μM Ads. Upper 2.0 cm portion of elon-gated shoot was harvested for rooting and re-maining portion was cut into nodal segments and cultured on a fresh medium for further mul-tiplication. Thus, from a single cotyledonary node about 40–45 shoots were obtained within eight weeks of culture. Sufficiently long shoots were excised and rooted on half-strength MS supple-mented with 9.84 μM indole butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets were successfully acclimated and estab-lished in soil.
Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases, Jun 27, 2016
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted when infected mosquito probes the host skin. While probi... more Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is transmitted when infected mosquito probes the host skin. While probing, mosquito saliva is expectorated into host skin along with virus which contains cocktail of molecules having anti-hemostatic and immunomodulatory properties. As mosquito saliva is a critical factor during natural arboviral infection, therefore we investigated mosquito saliva induced cutaneous events that modulate CHIKV infection. The effect of mosquito saliva on CHIKV infection was examined through inoculation of suckling mice subcutaneously with either CHIKV alone or uninfected mosquito bite followed by CHIKV. Histopathological evaluation of skin revealed infiltration of transmigrated inflammatory cells. Dermal blood vessels were hyperemic and adnexa showed degenerating lesions. Severe hemorrhage was observed in dermis and hypodermis in mosquito bite+CHIKV group compared to CHIKV group. Analysis of cytokines in skin showed significant downregulation of inflammatory genes like TLR-3, ...
Vegetos- An International Journal of Plant Research, 2015
A complete protocol is presented for in vitro regeneration of Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigra-hi, a... more A complete protocol is presented for in vitro regeneration of Milletia pinnata (L.) Panigra-hi, a biodiesel producing medicinal tree, using cotyledonary nodes derived from axenic seed-lings. Shoot development was induced from cot-yledonary nodes on Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium supplemented with 8.88 and 11.1 μM benzyladenine (BA) with or without ad-ditives (silver nitrate (AgNO3) and/or adenine sulphate (Ads)). The maximum number of shoot bud (24.33 buds/explant) and elongated shoots (8.33 shoots/explants) was developed on a medi-um containing 8.88 μM BA with 11.84 μM AgNO3 and 108.6 μM Ads. Upper 2.0 cm portion of elon-gated shoot was harvested for rooting and re-maining portion was cut into nodal segments and cultured on a fresh medium for further mul-tiplication. Thus, from a single cotyledonary node about 40–45 shoots were obtained within eight weeks of culture. Sufficiently long shoots were excised and rooted on half-strength MS supple-mented with 9.84 μM indole butyric acid (IBA). Plantlets were successfully acclimated and estab-lished in soil.
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