... Its climate is of temperate continental type, with annual precipitation about 450550 mm, T 1... more ... Its climate is of temperate continental type, with annual precipitation about 450550 mm, T 1 ... The Late Pleistocene Mezin soil complex is developed there on thinly laminated loess-like ... while the overlying Inzhavino soil complex is attributed to the Likhvin (Holsteinian) Interglacial ...
A sequence of surface and buried paleosols from the slopes of Mount Kenya, East Africa, has been ... more A sequence of surface and buried paleosols from the slopes of Mount Kenya, East Africa, has been identified and dated by radiocarbon and amino acid dating techniques in order to elucidate the Quaternary history of the area. Buried paleosols vary in radiocarbon age from 900 to > 40,000 yrs BP. They have developed in glacial and periglacial deposits of variable texture, consisting of a high percentage of clasts of phonolite, basalt and syenite. All but two paleosols are located in the Afroalpine zone (above 3200 m). D/L ratios of amino acids in Ab horizons were determined in order to establish their reliability for relative age dating. Alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were routinely analyzed. Aspartic acid, as in other cases, proved reliable yielding remarkably consistent results, with higher ratios corresponding to increasing age. Other acids analyzed showed distinct trends, although not as convincing as aspartic acid. In most cases, the as...
Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhum... more Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhumed, and relict soils delineate ancient surfaces that may have undergone weathering processes for long periods. Soils, including many buried soils, sometimes manifest complex histories character-ized by polygenetic or superimposed profiles. Identification of the type of paleosol, or at least a diagnostic hori-zon, can provide valuable insight into past climates, which in turn assists in determining past vegetation. Interpret-ing a paleosol may be hindered by
Stage 5e of the marine oxygen isotope record is the last time when world ice volume was lower, se... more Stage 5e of the marine oxygen isotope record is the last time when world ice volume was lower, sea level was higher, and world climate warmer than during any part of the Holocene. To develop more accurate proxy data for natural climate change during the last interglacial, a multidisciplinary group of scientists working as regional teams has developed Project CELIA
Article original : Rutter, N.W.; Radtke, U; and Schnack, E.J; 1990. Journal of Coastal Research, ... more Article original : Rutter, N.W.; Radtke, U; and Schnack, E.J; 1990. Journal of Coastal Research, 6(2), 391-411.
Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhum... more Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhumed, and relict soils delineate ancient surfaces that may have undergone weathering processes for long periods. Soils, including many buried soils, sometimes manifest complex histories characterized by polygenetic or superimposed profiles. Identification of the type of paleosol, or at least a diagnostic horizon, can provide valuable insight into past climates, which in turn assists in determining past vegetation. Interpreting a paleosol may be hindered by eroded or partially preserved horizons, complex climatic and environmental histories, and in the case of buried paleosols, alteration of one or more soil horizons by infiltration of material from overlying units. Soil thickness allows the minimum time of the weathering interval to be estimated and various methods are available for estimating the age of a paleosol. Probably the most accurate dating technique involves bracketing the age of...
Lake O'Hara (subalpine) and Opabin Lake (alpine) are situated directly adjacent to a high sec... more Lake O'Hara (subalpine) and Opabin Lake (alpine) are situated directly adjacent to a high section of the Continental Divide in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains. Core samples recovered from the lakes show a consistent stratigraphy comprising gyttja and underlying inorganic clastic sediments. The gyttja contains Bridge River (2350 years BP) and Mazama (6800 years BP) tephras and is separated from the lower clastic sediments by a sharp, conformable contact. Radiocarbon dates obtained from conifer needles, extracted from directly above the contact, indicate that deglaciation had proceeded upvalley from the O'Hara basin priorto ca. 10 100 years BP. Preliminary palaeobotanical and macrofossil data suggest that a Pinus–Abies forest with lesser Picea was established in the vicinity of Lake O'Hara by this time. Consequently, the minimum age of moraine systems situated downvalley from Lake O'Hara is Late Wisconsinan.Mean annual sedimentation rates were derived from sedimen...
Gulkana Glacier, consisting of three major ice streams and two prominent ice falls, displays a co... more Gulkana Glacier, consisting of three major ice streams and two prominent ice falls, displays a complex foliation pattern. In the western ice stream, below Gabriel Ice Fall, the foliation is transverse, developing gradually down-glacier into a distinct series of nested arcs. The arcs are concave up-glacier with the foliation dipping steeply toward the inside of the arc. A similar pattern is displayed in the eastern ice stream but there the pattern is less distinct with the arcs evolving into a series of nested semi-arcs. The central ice stream is characterized by vertical layers of foliation with a longitudinal strike. Apparently, longitudinal foliation will form in areas with strong compression and shear caused by differential flow velocity such as where two ice streams unite. The foliation that ultimately displays arcuate (or semi-arcuate) patterns originates principally at the base of an ice fall where strong longitudinal compression is present due to the decrease of gradient.
The Grande Prairie dune field in northwest central Alberta is composed of parabolic and dome dune... more The Grande Prairie dune field in northwest central Alberta is composed of parabolic and dome dunes, presently inactive but which had developed under westerly winds. Two parabolic dune types are recognized on the basis of arm length, nose width, and dune height. Variations in parabolic dune morphology are attributed to spatial and (or) temporal differences in sediment budget as elucidated from sedimentary sequences preserved in the dunes.Seven facies and four subfacies are distinguished from sedimentary sequences examined in nine dune sections. Lee-side deposits of parabolic dunes are typically composed of concave-downward cross-strata that develop from grainfall on a cohesive slipface and are interbedded with avalanche cross-strata. Lee-side deposits interfinger downwind with low-angle to horizontal ripple and grainfall laminations of bottomset deposits and are overlain by shallow-dipping topset deposits. Topset deposits of type 2 parabolic dunes contain sedimentary structures that are indicative of moisture (e.g., adhesion laminae and wet grainfall deposits) and vegetation (e.g., scour surfaces associated with calcareous root tubules) during deposition. These indicators suggest that type 2 parabolic dunes retained sediment effectively, whereas their absence in type 1 parabolic dunes suggests that these dunes did not retain sediment effectively. Type 2 parabolic dunes contain abundant grainfall deposits in topset beds, indicating a high sediment supply, whereas type 1 parabolic do not, suggesting they had a lower sediment supply.
... Comparison of ESR and Amino Acid Data in Correlating and Dating Quaternary Shorelines Along t... more ... Comparison of ESR and Amino Acid Data in Correlating and Dating Quaternary Shorelines Along the Patagonian Coast, Argentina Nat Rutter , Ulrich Radtkeb and Enrique J. Schnack"t aDepartment of Geology University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 ...
The Athabasca Valley Erratics Train contains a variety of low- to medium- grade metamorphic rocks... more The Athabasca Valley Erratics Train contains a variety of low- to medium- grade metamorphic rocks, the most abundant of which is talcose schist, with lesser amounts of garnet schist and biotite–quartz schist. This erratics train occurs in and west of the Athabasca Valley west of Edson, Alberta. It is probably a late stage deposit of the same glacier that carried and deposited the Erratics Train, Foothills of Alberta. The metamorphic erratics were incorporated into a glacier that originated in the northern part of the Monashee Mountains and Premier Range of British Columbia. This ice movement is also recorded by numerous U-shaped valleys, which extend across the Continental Divide. Thus, during a brief period in late(?) Wisconsin time, the Cordilleran ice in the Rocky Mountains of the Jasper National Park area was partly derived from west of the Continental Divide and the Rocky Mountain Trench. These data agree with the inferred ice movements shown on the 1958 Glacial Map of Canada.
... Its climate is of temperate continental type, with annual precipitation about 450550 mm, T 1... more ... Its climate is of temperate continental type, with annual precipitation about 450550 mm, T 1 ... The Late Pleistocene Mezin soil complex is developed there on thinly laminated loess-like ... while the overlying Inzhavino soil complex is attributed to the Likhvin (Holsteinian) Interglacial ...
A sequence of surface and buried paleosols from the slopes of Mount Kenya, East Africa, has been ... more A sequence of surface and buried paleosols from the slopes of Mount Kenya, East Africa, has been identified and dated by radiocarbon and amino acid dating techniques in order to elucidate the Quaternary history of the area. Buried paleosols vary in radiocarbon age from 900 to > 40,000 yrs BP. They have developed in glacial and periglacial deposits of variable texture, consisting of a high percentage of clasts of phonolite, basalt and syenite. All but two paleosols are located in the Afroalpine zone (above 3200 m). D/L ratios of amino acids in Ab horizons were determined in order to establish their reliability for relative age dating. Alanine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, leucine, valine, and phenylalanine were routinely analyzed. Aspartic acid, as in other cases, proved reliable yielding remarkably consistent results, with higher ratios corresponding to increasing age. Other acids analyzed showed distinct trends, although not as convincing as aspartic acid. In most cases, the as...
Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhum... more Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhumed, and relict soils delineate ancient surfaces that may have undergone weathering processes for long periods. Soils, including many buried soils, sometimes manifest complex histories character-ized by polygenetic or superimposed profiles. Identification of the type of paleosol, or at least a diagnostic hori-zon, can provide valuable insight into past climates, which in turn assists in determining past vegetation. Interpret-ing a paleosol may be hindered by
Stage 5e of the marine oxygen isotope record is the last time when world ice volume was lower, se... more Stage 5e of the marine oxygen isotope record is the last time when world ice volume was lower, sea level was higher, and world climate warmer than during any part of the Holocene. To develop more accurate proxy data for natural climate change during the last interglacial, a multidisciplinary group of scientists working as regional teams has developed Project CELIA
Article original : Rutter, N.W.; Radtke, U; and Schnack, E.J; 1990. Journal of Coastal Research, ... more Article original : Rutter, N.W.; Radtke, U; and Schnack, E.J; 1990. Journal of Coastal Research, 6(2), 391-411.
Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhum... more Paleosols are an important tool in interpreting Quaternary stratigraphic sequences. Buried, exhumed, and relict soils delineate ancient surfaces that may have undergone weathering processes for long periods. Soils, including many buried soils, sometimes manifest complex histories characterized by polygenetic or superimposed profiles. Identification of the type of paleosol, or at least a diagnostic horizon, can provide valuable insight into past climates, which in turn assists in determining past vegetation. Interpreting a paleosol may be hindered by eroded or partially preserved horizons, complex climatic and environmental histories, and in the case of buried paleosols, alteration of one or more soil horizons by infiltration of material from overlying units. Soil thickness allows the minimum time of the weathering interval to be estimated and various methods are available for estimating the age of a paleosol. Probably the most accurate dating technique involves bracketing the age of...
Lake O'Hara (subalpine) and Opabin Lake (alpine) are situated directly adjacent to a high sec... more Lake O'Hara (subalpine) and Opabin Lake (alpine) are situated directly adjacent to a high section of the Continental Divide in the central Canadian Rocky Mountains. Core samples recovered from the lakes show a consistent stratigraphy comprising gyttja and underlying inorganic clastic sediments. The gyttja contains Bridge River (2350 years BP) and Mazama (6800 years BP) tephras and is separated from the lower clastic sediments by a sharp, conformable contact. Radiocarbon dates obtained from conifer needles, extracted from directly above the contact, indicate that deglaciation had proceeded upvalley from the O'Hara basin priorto ca. 10 100 years BP. Preliminary palaeobotanical and macrofossil data suggest that a Pinus–Abies forest with lesser Picea was established in the vicinity of Lake O'Hara by this time. Consequently, the minimum age of moraine systems situated downvalley from Lake O'Hara is Late Wisconsinan.Mean annual sedimentation rates were derived from sedimen...
Gulkana Glacier, consisting of three major ice streams and two prominent ice falls, displays a co... more Gulkana Glacier, consisting of three major ice streams and two prominent ice falls, displays a complex foliation pattern. In the western ice stream, below Gabriel Ice Fall, the foliation is transverse, developing gradually down-glacier into a distinct series of nested arcs. The arcs are concave up-glacier with the foliation dipping steeply toward the inside of the arc. A similar pattern is displayed in the eastern ice stream but there the pattern is less distinct with the arcs evolving into a series of nested semi-arcs. The central ice stream is characterized by vertical layers of foliation with a longitudinal strike. Apparently, longitudinal foliation will form in areas with strong compression and shear caused by differential flow velocity such as where two ice streams unite. The foliation that ultimately displays arcuate (or semi-arcuate) patterns originates principally at the base of an ice fall where strong longitudinal compression is present due to the decrease of gradient.
The Grande Prairie dune field in northwest central Alberta is composed of parabolic and dome dune... more The Grande Prairie dune field in northwest central Alberta is composed of parabolic and dome dunes, presently inactive but which had developed under westerly winds. Two parabolic dune types are recognized on the basis of arm length, nose width, and dune height. Variations in parabolic dune morphology are attributed to spatial and (or) temporal differences in sediment budget as elucidated from sedimentary sequences preserved in the dunes.Seven facies and four subfacies are distinguished from sedimentary sequences examined in nine dune sections. Lee-side deposits of parabolic dunes are typically composed of concave-downward cross-strata that develop from grainfall on a cohesive slipface and are interbedded with avalanche cross-strata. Lee-side deposits interfinger downwind with low-angle to horizontal ripple and grainfall laminations of bottomset deposits and are overlain by shallow-dipping topset deposits. Topset deposits of type 2 parabolic dunes contain sedimentary structures that are indicative of moisture (e.g., adhesion laminae and wet grainfall deposits) and vegetation (e.g., scour surfaces associated with calcareous root tubules) during deposition. These indicators suggest that type 2 parabolic dunes retained sediment effectively, whereas their absence in type 1 parabolic dunes suggests that these dunes did not retain sediment effectively. Type 2 parabolic dunes contain abundant grainfall deposits in topset beds, indicating a high sediment supply, whereas type 1 parabolic do not, suggesting they had a lower sediment supply.
... Comparison of ESR and Amino Acid Data in Correlating and Dating Quaternary Shorelines Along t... more ... Comparison of ESR and Amino Acid Data in Correlating and Dating Quaternary Shorelines Along the Patagonian Coast, Argentina Nat Rutter , Ulrich Radtkeb and Enrique J. Schnack"t aDepartment of Geology University of Alberta Edmonton, Alberta, Canada T6G 2E3 ...
The Athabasca Valley Erratics Train contains a variety of low- to medium- grade metamorphic rocks... more The Athabasca Valley Erratics Train contains a variety of low- to medium- grade metamorphic rocks, the most abundant of which is talcose schist, with lesser amounts of garnet schist and biotite–quartz schist. This erratics train occurs in and west of the Athabasca Valley west of Edson, Alberta. It is probably a late stage deposit of the same glacier that carried and deposited the Erratics Train, Foothills of Alberta. The metamorphic erratics were incorporated into a glacier that originated in the northern part of the Monashee Mountains and Premier Range of British Columbia. This ice movement is also recorded by numerous U-shaped valleys, which extend across the Continental Divide. Thus, during a brief period in late(?) Wisconsin time, the Cordilleran ice in the Rocky Mountains of the Jasper National Park area was partly derived from west of the Continental Divide and the Rocky Mountain Trench. These data agree with the inferred ice movements shown on the 1958 Glacial Map of Canada.
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