1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Gent Unive... more 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Gent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium 2 Department of Aquatic Biology and Pathology, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus 2, 3-2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Cantho City, Vietnam 3 Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Rozier 44, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
The present chapter aims at describing the main biological characteristics of two oyster species,... more The present chapter aims at describing the main biological characteristics of two oyster species, both important for their commercial values. Oyster spermatozoa belong to the "aquasperm" according to ultra-structural data: they possess an acrosome and four mitochondria. The sperm flagellum is devoid of progressive motility eitheir in the gonads or at spawning in sea water. In both cases, flagellar motility (% of moving cells) appears slowly in a time dependent manner in natural sea water (5 to 15 min). This ability to acquire potentiality for motility (maturation process) can be accelerated by sperm incubation with drugs like serotonine, theophilline, caffeine or dibutyryl-cAMP, which rapidly initiate progressive movement of live sperm. All drugs are effective in a time dependent manner and especially caffeine and theophilline are shown to act in a concentration dependent manner. These drugs allow forwardly directed translation for the majority of sperm cells. Furtheremore...
Nelly Schmitta, Frédéric Marinb, Nathalie Cochennec-Laureauc, Marina Demoy-Schneidera and Marcel ... more Nelly Schmitta, Frédéric Marinb, Nathalie Cochennec-Laureauc, Marina Demoy-Schneidera and Marcel Le Penneca aUniversité de la Polynésie Française, Equipe Biologie Marine, Laboratoire BIOTEM EA 4239, BP 6570 Faa'a, French Polynesia bCNRS, UMR 5561 biogéoscience 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Metropolitan cIfremer, Centre de Nantesrue de l'Ile d'Yeu BP 21105, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France, Metropolitan nelly.schmitt@upf.pf
Herein, we describe the isolation and spectroscopic identification of eight new tetrabrominated t... more Herein, we describe the isolation and spectroscopic identification of eight new tetrabrominated tyrosine alkaloids ⁻ from the Polynesian sponge , along with known major compound psammaplysene D (), ,-dimethyldibromotyramine, 5-hydroxy xanthenuric acid, and xanthenuric acid. Cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were evaluated for some of the isolated metabolites. They exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against KB cancer cell lines, but psammaplysene D () displayed substantial cytotoxicity as well as acetylcholinesterase inhibition with IC values of 0.7 μM and 1.3 μM, respectively.
ABSTRACT Introduction. – The aim was to study the effects of a three-month aerobic training progr... more ABSTRACT Introduction. – The aim was to study the effects of a three-month aerobic training program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on walking ability and oxidative stress.Synthesis of facts. – Six subjects with COPD participated in this study. These patients were assessed before and after the rehabilitation program by a functional test (6-minute walking test) and standard pulmonary function tests. Urinary concentration of isoprostanes F2α-III were measured before, during and after the rehabilitation program using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Our results show an increase in the performance in the six-minute walking test and a decrease in isoprostanes urinary excretion after the rehabilitation program.Conclusion. – An endurance exercise training program seems to be a relevant intervention for COPD patients as it induce an increase in endurance capacity and a decrease in oxidative stress.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 1993
1. Calmitine and mitochondrial calcium were studied after injection of chlorpromazine into contro... more 1. Calmitine and mitochondrial calcium were studied after injection of chlorpromazine into control and denervated gastrocnemius muscle in rat. 2. Calmitine decreased under the effect of chlorpromazine and then increased again. Regenerative capacity was more marked for denervated than control muscle. Calcium increased and then returned to its normal level in control muscle while remaining elevated in denervated muscle. 3. Thus, it would appear that calmitine synthesis can occur in the absence of innervation and that denervation, which probably causes disturbances in mitochondrial calcium regulation systems, may prevent total regeneration of muscle after an injury.
Mitochondrial fractions were isolated from fast-twitch (EDL), slow-twitch (soleus) and heart musc... more Mitochondrial fractions were isolated from fast-twitch (EDL), slow-twitch (soleus) and heart muscle of normal rat (WKY). Protein separation by electrophoresis and study of calcium-45 binding showed that a specific calcium protein (designated as calmitine) was present in the mitochondria of fast-twitch muscle but practically inexistent in slow-twitch and cardiac muscle. It seems to be related to calcium uptake by an energy-dependent mechanism.
We compared the myotoxic effect of chlorpromazine on mitochondria of gastrocnemius muscle in X-re... more We compared the myotoxic effect of chlorpromazine on mitochondria of gastrocnemius muscle in X-related muscular dystrophy (mdx) and control mice relative to changes in calmitine and calcium concentrations before and 3 and 6 days after a single injection of the drug. The results indicate that mdx mouse mitochondria are less sensitive to the myotoxic effect of chlorpromazine; calmitine and calcium binding were only slightly reduced compared to controls. Our observations indicate that the calmitine structure could differ in mdx and control mice with respect to calcium binding structures, and that the presence of calmitine in the mitochondria of mdx mouse skeletal muscle could explain why muscle degeneration does not occur in these animals. However, the muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are lacking in calmitine and are subject to extensive progressive degeneration.
The anabolic steroid nandrolone is widely used as a performance enhancer. Traces of its naturally... more The anabolic steroid nandrolone is widely used as a performance enhancer. Traces of its naturally occurring metabolite 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) have been found in human urine (below 0.6 ng.mL(-1)), and it has been suggested that strenuous exercise may increase urinary 19-NA. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of exhaustive exercise on the nandrolone excretion under controlled conditions in two groups of trained male athletes, one composed of judoka and the other of long-distance runners. A Wingate test and a treadmill limited-time test (running at 85% (.)VO(2max)) were carried out on 14 judoka and 15 athletes. Hydration was controlled during each session. Urine samples were obtained before each test and 30 min, 60 min, and 24 h after each test. Urinary 19-NA concentrations were determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Baseline urinary 19-NA concentrations varied widely across individuals, from undetectable levels to 0.250 ng.mL (-1)(mean, 0.048 +/- 0.050 ng.mL(-1)). The both exercise tests did not significantly modified urinary 19-NA levels in the two groups of subjects. Our study provides compelling evidence that endogenous nandrolone production in male athletes, during two very different types of exercise, produces urine levels far below the IOC threshold of 2 ng.mL(-1) urine. Thus, exercise does not induce endogenous nandrolone secretion.
1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Gent Unive... more 1 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Parasitology and Immunology, Gent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium 2 Department of Aquatic Biology and Pathology, College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Cantho University, Campus 2, 3-2 Street, Ninh Kieu District, Cantho City, Vietnam 3 Laboratory of Aquaculture & Artemia Reference Center, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Rozier 44, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
The present chapter aims at describing the main biological characteristics of two oyster species,... more The present chapter aims at describing the main biological characteristics of two oyster species, both important for their commercial values. Oyster spermatozoa belong to the "aquasperm" according to ultra-structural data: they possess an acrosome and four mitochondria. The sperm flagellum is devoid of progressive motility eitheir in the gonads or at spawning in sea water. In both cases, flagellar motility (% of moving cells) appears slowly in a time dependent manner in natural sea water (5 to 15 min). This ability to acquire potentiality for motility (maturation process) can be accelerated by sperm incubation with drugs like serotonine, theophilline, caffeine or dibutyryl-cAMP, which rapidly initiate progressive movement of live sperm. All drugs are effective in a time dependent manner and especially caffeine and theophilline are shown to act in a concentration dependent manner. These drugs allow forwardly directed translation for the majority of sperm cells. Furtheremore...
Nelly Schmitta, Frédéric Marinb, Nathalie Cochennec-Laureauc, Marina Demoy-Schneidera and Marcel ... more Nelly Schmitta, Frédéric Marinb, Nathalie Cochennec-Laureauc, Marina Demoy-Schneidera and Marcel Le Penneca aUniversité de la Polynésie Française, Equipe Biologie Marine, Laboratoire BIOTEM EA 4239, BP 6570 Faa'a, French Polynesia bCNRS, UMR 5561 biogéoscience 6 Bd Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France, Metropolitan cIfremer, Centre de Nantesrue de l'Ile d'Yeu BP 21105, 44311 Nantes cedex 03, France, Metropolitan nelly.schmitt@upf.pf
Herein, we describe the isolation and spectroscopic identification of eight new tetrabrominated t... more Herein, we describe the isolation and spectroscopic identification of eight new tetrabrominated tyrosine alkaloids ⁻ from the Polynesian sponge , along with known major compound psammaplysene D (), ,-dimethyldibromotyramine, 5-hydroxy xanthenuric acid, and xanthenuric acid. Cytotoxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities were evaluated for some of the isolated metabolites. They exhibited moderate antiproliferative activity against KB cancer cell lines, but psammaplysene D () displayed substantial cytotoxicity as well as acetylcholinesterase inhibition with IC values of 0.7 μM and 1.3 μM, respectively.
ABSTRACT Introduction. – The aim was to study the effects of a three-month aerobic training progr... more ABSTRACT Introduction. – The aim was to study the effects of a three-month aerobic training program in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on walking ability and oxidative stress.Synthesis of facts. – Six subjects with COPD participated in this study. These patients were assessed before and after the rehabilitation program by a functional test (6-minute walking test) and standard pulmonary function tests. Urinary concentration of isoprostanes F2α-III were measured before, during and after the rehabilitation program using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Our results show an increase in the performance in the six-minute walking test and a decrease in isoprostanes urinary excretion after the rehabilitation program.Conclusion. – An endurance exercise training program seems to be a relevant intervention for COPD patients as it induce an increase in endurance capacity and a decrease in oxidative stress.
Comparative biochemistry and physiology. C, Comparative pharmacology and toxicology, 1993
1. Calmitine and mitochondrial calcium were studied after injection of chlorpromazine into contro... more 1. Calmitine and mitochondrial calcium were studied after injection of chlorpromazine into control and denervated gastrocnemius muscle in rat. 2. Calmitine decreased under the effect of chlorpromazine and then increased again. Regenerative capacity was more marked for denervated than control muscle. Calcium increased and then returned to its normal level in control muscle while remaining elevated in denervated muscle. 3. Thus, it would appear that calmitine synthesis can occur in the absence of innervation and that denervation, which probably causes disturbances in mitochondrial calcium regulation systems, may prevent total regeneration of muscle after an injury.
Mitochondrial fractions were isolated from fast-twitch (EDL), slow-twitch (soleus) and heart musc... more Mitochondrial fractions were isolated from fast-twitch (EDL), slow-twitch (soleus) and heart muscle of normal rat (WKY). Protein separation by electrophoresis and study of calcium-45 binding showed that a specific calcium protein (designated as calmitine) was present in the mitochondria of fast-twitch muscle but practically inexistent in slow-twitch and cardiac muscle. It seems to be related to calcium uptake by an energy-dependent mechanism.
We compared the myotoxic effect of chlorpromazine on mitochondria of gastrocnemius muscle in X-re... more We compared the myotoxic effect of chlorpromazine on mitochondria of gastrocnemius muscle in X-related muscular dystrophy (mdx) and control mice relative to changes in calmitine and calcium concentrations before and 3 and 6 days after a single injection of the drug. The results indicate that mdx mouse mitochondria are less sensitive to the myotoxic effect of chlorpromazine; calmitine and calcium binding were only slightly reduced compared to controls. Our observations indicate that the calmitine structure could differ in mdx and control mice with respect to calcium binding structures, and that the presence of calmitine in the mitochondria of mdx mouse skeletal muscle could explain why muscle degeneration does not occur in these animals. However, the muscles of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) are lacking in calmitine and are subject to extensive progressive degeneration.
The anabolic steroid nandrolone is widely used as a performance enhancer. Traces of its naturally... more The anabolic steroid nandrolone is widely used as a performance enhancer. Traces of its naturally occurring metabolite 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) have been found in human urine (below 0.6 ng.mL(-1)), and it has been suggested that strenuous exercise may increase urinary 19-NA. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of exhaustive exercise on the nandrolone excretion under controlled conditions in two groups of trained male athletes, one composed of judoka and the other of long-distance runners. A Wingate test and a treadmill limited-time test (running at 85% (.)VO(2max)) were carried out on 14 judoka and 15 athletes. Hydration was controlled during each session. Urine samples were obtained before each test and 30 min, 60 min, and 24 h after each test. Urinary 19-NA concentrations were determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Baseline urinary 19-NA concentrations varied widely across individuals, from undetectable levels to 0.250 ng.mL (-1)(mean, 0.048 +/- 0.050 ng.mL(-1)). The both exercise tests did not significantly modified urinary 19-NA levels in the two groups of subjects. Our study provides compelling evidence that endogenous nandrolone production in male athletes, during two very different types of exercise, produces urine levels far below the IOC threshold of 2 ng.mL(-1) urine. Thus, exercise does not induce endogenous nandrolone secretion.
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