Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are universal control structure and have widel... more Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are universal control structure and have widely used in Automation systems, they are usually implemented either in hardware using analog components or in software using Computer-based systems. In this paper, we focused our works designing on building a multi-channel PID controller by Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). To overcome the hardware complexity by the use of more processors for multi channel, we are using single PID controller for multi channel .Multi channel can be implemented by the use of FPGA.when the error is more it can differentiate and produce the constant output, when signal is low when compared to reference signal it can integrate it.FPGA can offer parallel processing, more speed. Keywords(PID), FPGA, (FPGAs).
2008 Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference
... Power Delivery 12 (4) (1997) 1458 1464. [11] Dinesh Birla, Rudra Prakash Maheshwari, Hari Om... more ... Power Delivery 12 (4) (1997) 1458 1464. [11] Dinesh Birla, Rudra Prakash Maheshwari, Hari Om Gupta. Time-Over current Relay Coordination: A Review, International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Volume 2, and Issue 2 2005 Article 1039. ...
Recent years have seen a steep increase in penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) based ge... more Recent years have seen a steep increase in penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) based generators and storage devices; collectively referred as distributed energy resources (DERs). The traditional reliability indices used by utilities such as loss of load expectation, loss of energy expectation and loss of load probability are suitable for systems with conventional generators. However, they fail to acknowledge stochastic behaviour of RES based generators and energy limited capabilities of storage appropriately. In this study, new probabilistic reliability indices for investigating impact of penetration of DERs on system reliability have been proposed. In order to provide effective assessment, a reliability index referred as expectation of failure in grid connected mode (EFG) and three reliability indices viz. expectation of complete success in islanded mode, expectation of partial failure in islanded mode, expectation of complete failure in islanded mode have been proposed in grid connected mode and islanded mode, respectively. The mathematical formulation for proposed indices has been developed in probabilistic framework. The formulation has been implemented on a 33-bus distribution feeder. Different penetration levels have been investigated to provide adequate justification for proposed indices. Parametric analyses with storage integration have also been carried out. The proposed reliability metrics will assist system planners to choose optimum penetration level with greater efficacy.
Particle Swarm Optimization, a recently more popular optimizer utilizes the swarm behavior in sea... more Particle Swarm Optimization, a recently more popular optimizer utilizes the swarm behavior in searching for an optimum. The classical/standard PSO (SPSO) algorithm is normally used for unconstrained optimization tasks. The Directional Over-Current Relay (DOCR) Coordination problem is a highly constrained optimization problem, therefore the SPSO in its original form cannot be used to solve it. The reported MPSO deal with constraints using a complex repair algorithm therefore the solution and speed of convergence achieved is not very optimistic. The method employed here provides better results both in terms of the speed of convergence and global optimal solution because of simplified velocity update process in proposed PSO algorithm with simplified cut down approach of constraints handling. Both these modifications are reported in this present work and the results are compared with the already reported MPSO. The method introduced here is known as SV-MPSO and gives very optimistic resu...
Small wind turbine systems offer services to critical loads during grid faults and also connected... more Small wind turbine systems offer services to critical loads during grid faults and also connected back to grid in normal condition. The connection of a wind energy conversion system to the grid requires a robust phase locked loop (PLL) and continuous monitoring of the grid conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overfrequency, underfrequency, and grid outages. This paper describes a flexible control operation to operate a small wind turbine in both stand-alone mode via planned islanding and grid connected mode as well. In particular, a proper monitoring and control algorithm is required for transition between the modes. A wavelet based energy function is used for detection of grid disturbances as well as recovery of grid so that transition between the modes is made. To obtain good power quality LCL filter is used to reduce ripples. PLL is used for synchronization whenever mode changes from stand-alone to grid connected. Simulation results from a 10 kW wind energy conversion sy...
Proceedings of IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industrial Automation and Control, 1995
This paper describes the PC based data acquisition and monitoring system for synchronous machines... more This paper describes the PC based data acquisition and monitoring system for synchronous machines. The experimental set-up is a demonstrating unit which gives the students an insight as to how a PC based system operates. This set-up is very useful in electrical machines, controls and instrumentation laboratories
In this paper a vital component of communication system, a general purpose analog Phase lock loop... more In this paper a vital component of communication system, a general purpose analog Phase lock loop (PLL) is modeled using a novel combinational approach which apart from having a high speed also mimics IC behavior in Silicon. An analog/digital circuit simulator PSpice is used for the purpose. The advantage of SPICE is that it offers models that accurately define a CMOS process. Since, SPICE simulator is actually a standard CAD tool for IC design; modeling phase detector (PD) at primitive/component level improves accuracy. On the other hand, Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) modeled using Analog Behavioral model (ABM) technique results in increasing speed. The proposed combinational approach is a cascade of primitive model of PD and behavioral model of VCO and has an overall effect to augment accuracy. Not only the proposed model is more accurate but speed is also now comparable to less accurate behavioral model of PLL. The loop filter being a simple RC circuit can be modeled either...
ABSTRACT Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is interfaced with the utility system through power... more ABSTRACT Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is interfaced with the utility system through power electronic converters which plays an important role in the integration of wind power into the electric grid. The main power quality disturbances due to integration of WECS to grid are variation in power and harmonics. To maintain grid synchronization and to keep total harmonic distortion (THD) within operational limits, appropriate control schemes are required for the grid side converter. The main objective of grid side controller is to control the power delivered to the grid, grid synchronization, to supply high quality power to grid and to meet grid code compliance. In this paper control schemes used in grid interfaced wind energy conversion system for generator side and grid side converter control, are reviewed thoroughly. The paper presents a comparative study of rotor flux oriented control and direct torque control (DTC) techniques applied in generator side converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) drives for wind turbine application. For grid side converter, various control schemes are developed mainly based on voltage oriented control (VOC) or on direct power control (DPC). The performance of VOC based control system basically depends on method applied for current control. A comparative study is done among them and findings are tabulated. Integration requirements of wind turbine to grid, grid synchronization and requirement of monitoring unit are also discussed.
2009 International Conference on Power Systems, 2009
In this paper, the need of suitable mechanism for wind power trading is discussed and the tariff ... more In this paper, the need of suitable mechanism for wind power trading is discussed and the tariff rate decided by state electricity commissions is compared with the rates a wind generator can avail if it opts for unscheduled interchange rates/ day ahead tariff. A Wind generator must buy or sell energy production deviations as per prediction errors when they bid
2010 Joint International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems & 2010 Power India, 2010
... 201-206, Oct. 2007. [10] J. Wang, FZ Peng, J. Anderson, A. Joseph and R. Buffenbarger, Low C... more ... 201-206, Oct. 2007. [10] J. Wang, FZ Peng, J. Anderson, A. Joseph and R. Buffenbarger, Low Cost Fuel Cell Converter System for ... 2008. [30] N. Mohan, TM Undeland, and WP Robbins, Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design, 3rd ed. Jon Wiley & Sons, 2001. ...
Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are universal control structure and have widel... more Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers are universal control structure and have widely used in Automation systems, they are usually implemented either in hardware using analog components or in software using Computer-based systems. In this paper, we focused our works designing on building a multi-channel PID controller by Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). To overcome the hardware complexity by the use of more processors for multi channel, we are using single PID controller for multi channel .Multi channel can be implemented by the use of FPGA.when the error is more it can differentiate and produce the constant output, when signal is low when compared to reference signal it can integrate it.FPGA can offer parallel processing, more speed. Keywords(PID), FPGA, (FPGAs).
2008 Joint International Conference on Power System Technology and IEEE Power India Conference
... Power Delivery 12 (4) (1997) 1458 1464. [11] Dinesh Birla, Rudra Prakash Maheshwari, Hari Om... more ... Power Delivery 12 (4) (1997) 1458 1464. [11] Dinesh Birla, Rudra Prakash Maheshwari, Hari Om Gupta. Time-Over current Relay Coordination: A Review, International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems, Volume 2, and Issue 2 2005 Article 1039. ...
Recent years have seen a steep increase in penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) based ge... more Recent years have seen a steep increase in penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) based generators and storage devices; collectively referred as distributed energy resources (DERs). The traditional reliability indices used by utilities such as loss of load expectation, loss of energy expectation and loss of load probability are suitable for systems with conventional generators. However, they fail to acknowledge stochastic behaviour of RES based generators and energy limited capabilities of storage appropriately. In this study, new probabilistic reliability indices for investigating impact of penetration of DERs on system reliability have been proposed. In order to provide effective assessment, a reliability index referred as expectation of failure in grid connected mode (EFG) and three reliability indices viz. expectation of complete success in islanded mode, expectation of partial failure in islanded mode, expectation of complete failure in islanded mode have been proposed in grid connected mode and islanded mode, respectively. The mathematical formulation for proposed indices has been developed in probabilistic framework. The formulation has been implemented on a 33-bus distribution feeder. Different penetration levels have been investigated to provide adequate justification for proposed indices. Parametric analyses with storage integration have also been carried out. The proposed reliability metrics will assist system planners to choose optimum penetration level with greater efficacy.
Particle Swarm Optimization, a recently more popular optimizer utilizes the swarm behavior in sea... more Particle Swarm Optimization, a recently more popular optimizer utilizes the swarm behavior in searching for an optimum. The classical/standard PSO (SPSO) algorithm is normally used for unconstrained optimization tasks. The Directional Over-Current Relay (DOCR) Coordination problem is a highly constrained optimization problem, therefore the SPSO in its original form cannot be used to solve it. The reported MPSO deal with constraints using a complex repair algorithm therefore the solution and speed of convergence achieved is not very optimistic. The method employed here provides better results both in terms of the speed of convergence and global optimal solution because of simplified velocity update process in proposed PSO algorithm with simplified cut down approach of constraints handling. Both these modifications are reported in this present work and the results are compared with the already reported MPSO. The method introduced here is known as SV-MPSO and gives very optimistic resu...
Small wind turbine systems offer services to critical loads during grid faults and also connected... more Small wind turbine systems offer services to critical loads during grid faults and also connected back to grid in normal condition. The connection of a wind energy conversion system to the grid requires a robust phase locked loop (PLL) and continuous monitoring of the grid conditions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overfrequency, underfrequency, and grid outages. This paper describes a flexible control operation to operate a small wind turbine in both stand-alone mode via planned islanding and grid connected mode as well. In particular, a proper monitoring and control algorithm is required for transition between the modes. A wavelet based energy function is used for detection of grid disturbances as well as recovery of grid so that transition between the modes is made. To obtain good power quality LCL filter is used to reduce ripples. PLL is used for synchronization whenever mode changes from stand-alone to grid connected. Simulation results from a 10 kW wind energy conversion sy...
Proceedings of IEEE/IAS International Conference on Industrial Automation and Control, 1995
This paper describes the PC based data acquisition and monitoring system for synchronous machines... more This paper describes the PC based data acquisition and monitoring system for synchronous machines. The experimental set-up is a demonstrating unit which gives the students an insight as to how a PC based system operates. This set-up is very useful in electrical machines, controls and instrumentation laboratories
In this paper a vital component of communication system, a general purpose analog Phase lock loop... more In this paper a vital component of communication system, a general purpose analog Phase lock loop (PLL) is modeled using a novel combinational approach which apart from having a high speed also mimics IC behavior in Silicon. An analog/digital circuit simulator PSpice is used for the purpose. The advantage of SPICE is that it offers models that accurately define a CMOS process. Since, SPICE simulator is actually a standard CAD tool for IC design; modeling phase detector (PD) at primitive/component level improves accuracy. On the other hand, Voltage Controlled Oscillator (VCO) modeled using Analog Behavioral model (ABM) technique results in increasing speed. The proposed combinational approach is a cascade of primitive model of PD and behavioral model of VCO and has an overall effect to augment accuracy. Not only the proposed model is more accurate but speed is also now comparable to less accurate behavioral model of PLL. The loop filter being a simple RC circuit can be modeled either...
ABSTRACT Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is interfaced with the utility system through power... more ABSTRACT Wind energy conversion system (WECS) is interfaced with the utility system through power electronic converters which plays an important role in the integration of wind power into the electric grid. The main power quality disturbances due to integration of WECS to grid are variation in power and harmonics. To maintain grid synchronization and to keep total harmonic distortion (THD) within operational limits, appropriate control schemes are required for the grid side converter. The main objective of grid side controller is to control the power delivered to the grid, grid synchronization, to supply high quality power to grid and to meet grid code compliance. In this paper control schemes used in grid interfaced wind energy conversion system for generator side and grid side converter control, are reviewed thoroughly. The paper presents a comparative study of rotor flux oriented control and direct torque control (DTC) techniques applied in generator side converter of permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) drives for wind turbine application. For grid side converter, various control schemes are developed mainly based on voltage oriented control (VOC) or on direct power control (DPC). The performance of VOC based control system basically depends on method applied for current control. A comparative study is done among them and findings are tabulated. Integration requirements of wind turbine to grid, grid synchronization and requirement of monitoring unit are also discussed.
2009 International Conference on Power Systems, 2009
In this paper, the need of suitable mechanism for wind power trading is discussed and the tariff ... more In this paper, the need of suitable mechanism for wind power trading is discussed and the tariff rate decided by state electricity commissions is compared with the rates a wind generator can avail if it opts for unscheduled interchange rates/ day ahead tariff. A Wind generator must buy or sell energy production deviations as per prediction errors when they bid
2010 Joint International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems & 2010 Power India, 2010
... 201-206, Oct. 2007. [10] J. Wang, FZ Peng, J. Anderson, A. Joseph and R. Buffenbarger, Low C... more ... 201-206, Oct. 2007. [10] J. Wang, FZ Peng, J. Anderson, A. Joseph and R. Buffenbarger, Low Cost Fuel Cell Converter System for ... 2008. [30] N. Mohan, TM Undeland, and WP Robbins, Power Electronics Converters, Applications and Design, 3rd ed. Jon Wiley & Sons, 2001. ...
Uploads