10th European Real Estate Society Conference, 2003
Social landlords own more than one third of the housing stock in the Netherlands. Especially in t... more Social landlords own more than one third of the housing stock in the Netherlands. Especially in the decades after World War II, social landlords were both strongly controlled and strongly subsidised by the government. In the 1990Is, the government relaxed her hold on the social landlords but also ended all subsidisation. It was assumed that the social housing sector as a whole could make enough money by exploiting and partly selling the social housing stock to achieve all housing policy objectives. Those social landlords that are not able to make ends meet should be assisted by other social landlords. This paper describes a risk analysis model that we developed to determine the financial risks for the Dutch social housing sector as a whole. The development of the financial position of the social housing sector depends on a large number of uncertain factors. These factors can mainly be grouped in political uncertainties, macro economic uncertainties and housing market uncertainties. Our model uses Monte Carlo simulation to assess the risk caused by macro economic and housing market uncertainties. It can also be used to determine the consequences of different government policies. The results of the model show that with the current government policy, the social housing sector as a whole is not at risk. However, there are large differences between different regions. The most important uncertainty is in the house price development.
A central task of IEE EPISCOPE project was to carry out energy balance calculations and scenario ... more A central task of IEE EPISCOPE project was to carry out energy balance calculations and scenario analysis for national, regional or local residential building stocks against the background of energy saving and climate protection targets. The EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 4 documents the individual approaches of collecting information for the investigated residential building stocks as a foundation for building stock models and scenario calculations. Issues related to the availability of data and data quality are discussed, and concepts for a continuous monitoring (a regular data collection) are presented as a basis for a future tracking of energy performance in the observed building stocks.
This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study 5 of non-profit housing i... more This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study 5 of non-profit housing involving researchers 6 in three countries using a common methodology to engage the leaders of non-profit organisations themselves in the research process. The paper draws on earlier work on the hybridisation of social housing provision and the competing logics of state, market and third sector. It explores the hypothesis that despite the rhetoric of independence from government and the discourse of social enterprise, the relationship with the state has been one of the key influences on scope for action and hybridity in each country studied. It uses a modified Delphi methodology to collect information from leaders of non-profit housing organisations in three countries about how their organisations are negotiating these hybrid influences on their strategy and operations. This method involves collation of responses to scaled surveys from panels of 20-31 organisations in each country, playing back the results to the participants and follow up depth interviews with samples of respondents to explore and interpret the meanings of their responses 7. The paper is intended to elicit comments on the approach by displaying preliminary findings in relation to state influences on hybridity; reflecting on methodology and drawing out some tentative conclusions in relation to the paper's hypothesis. Contrary to Koppell's (2001) warning in another domain of housing hybrids, it appears that state influence and control over social housing hybrids remains a key influence on their scope and action.
Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). ... more Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above.
In the past ten to twenty years, governments in various countries have introduced or reinforced m... more In the past ten to twenty years, governments in various countries have introduced or reinforced market principles in their housing systems. As a consequence, social landlords should have increased opportunities to adopt a more market-oriented approach towards the management of their housing stock. Nevertheless, in many countries governments still have a substantial influence on the social rented housing sector. In this paper we analyse the influence of statutory regulations on the management of the social rented housing stock in four European countries and in Australia, in order to assess to what extent these regulations help or impede the development of a market-oriented asset management. We carry out this analysis in four areas: rent setting, sale of dwellings, allocation of dwellings to tenants, and maintenance and renewal. After an explanation of the term 'marketoriented' in relation to asset management, we describe government restrictions to social housing management in the countries under consideration. We go into current policies and their implications for asset management. We analyse the room for a market-oriented policy and the extent to which this kind of policy has become common among social landlords.
In recent years, energy efficiency is a topic of growing importance not only on the political age... more In recent years, energy efficiency is a topic of growing importance not only on the political agenda of many Western countries, but also in the management of individual housing providers in these countries. Although there are many publications on how these organisations take up the topic of energy efficiency in their policies and activities, not so much has been written about the progress in policy in the national housing sectors as a whole. This paper presents the results of an investigation about the policy developments in the non-profit housing sector in the Netherlands, in which the present situation is compared with that of four years ago. Where did the Dutch non-profit housing providers stand in their policy development concerning energy efficiency, and where do they stand now? Have they become more ambitious or less ambitious? The paper also deals with the main stimuli and barriers that the non-profit housing providers have perceived. The findings show a progress in policy in...
All Rights Reserved C 2004 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ... more All Rights Reserved C 2004 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
The embedding of energy efficiency in the management of individual housing organisations is cruci... more The embedding of energy efficiency in the management of individual housing organisations is crucial for the realization of current ambitious energy efficiency policies. This issue is examined for the first time in this book through an analysis of selected case studies in new ‘green’ buildings, as well as in the retrofitting of existing housing, maintenance and budgeting. The links between policy ambitions, practice and housing management institutions are given particular attention. Thus the book is primarily concerned with how ambitions about energy efficiency are carried forward in investment decisions at the housing estate level. Technical and financial issues relevant for this are also addressed. The editors combine a wealth of experience in comparative research on housing policy and housing management with a strong academic background in housing studies and economics. The book aims to be internationally comparative including a range of countries. A chapter will be devoted to each of the following countries:- Sweden; Denmark; Germany; the Netherlands; England; France; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovenia; Canada. The book will appeal to a large audience of students and academics who are concerned with housing issues, urban policy and politics as well as to those engaged in research in energy efficiency policies in the built environment.
International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 2012
Abstract This article concentrates on the private housing sector, in which the word ‘private’ is ... more Abstract This article concentrates on the private housing sector, in which the word ‘private’ is used in the sense of ‘nonpublic’. This means that not only the private commercial sector, but also the private social (nonprofit) sector is included. This article also concentrates on professional housing management organisations, so not on owner-occupiers and not on small, individual landlords either. There are several classifications of housing management, for example according to level of operation, type of activity, and content. The last two decades show a focus on the social–commercial dimension, which has its background in the fact that the distinction between the profit and the nonprofit housing sectors has become blurred.
CO2 reduction by means of energy conservation is an important topic in the Dutch governmental env... more CO2 reduction by means of energy conservation is an important topic in the Dutch governmental environmental policies. With new construction accounting for a fraction of the total building stock, existing dwellings are of great importance in the Dutch sustainable building policies. With 35% of the total housing stock in the Netherlands, the social rented sector, and therefore housing associations, could play a major role in energy conservation. However, the large energy conservation potential that is present in the existing stock owned by the housing associations is only to a minor extent exploited.
This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study5 of non-profit housing; o... more This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study5 of non-profit housing; one of the main alternatives to public housing developed in many countries. The study involved researchers6 in three countries using a common methodology to engage the leaders of non-profit organisations themselves in the research process. The paper draws on earlier work on the hybridisation of social housing provision and the competing logics of state, market and third sector. It explores the hypothesis that despite the rhetoric of independence from government and the discourse of social enterprise, the relationship of non-profits with the state has been one of the key influences on the scope for action and forms of hybridity in each country studied. It uses a modified Delphi methodology to collect information from leaders of non-profit housing organisations in three countries about how their organisations are negotiating hybrid influences on their strategy and operations. This method in...
10th European Real Estate Society Conference, 2003
Social landlords own more than one third of the housing stock in the Netherlands. Especially in t... more Social landlords own more than one third of the housing stock in the Netherlands. Especially in the decades after World War II, social landlords were both strongly controlled and strongly subsidised by the government. In the 1990Is, the government relaxed her hold on the social landlords but also ended all subsidisation. It was assumed that the social housing sector as a whole could make enough money by exploiting and partly selling the social housing stock to achieve all housing policy objectives. Those social landlords that are not able to make ends meet should be assisted by other social landlords. This paper describes a risk analysis model that we developed to determine the financial risks for the Dutch social housing sector as a whole. The development of the financial position of the social housing sector depends on a large number of uncertain factors. These factors can mainly be grouped in political uncertainties, macro economic uncertainties and housing market uncertainties. Our model uses Monte Carlo simulation to assess the risk caused by macro economic and housing market uncertainties. It can also be used to determine the consequences of different government policies. The results of the model show that with the current government policy, the social housing sector as a whole is not at risk. However, there are large differences between different regions. The most important uncertainty is in the house price development.
A central task of IEE EPISCOPE project was to carry out energy balance calculations and scenario ... more A central task of IEE EPISCOPE project was to carry out energy balance calculations and scenario analysis for national, regional or local residential building stocks against the background of energy saving and climate protection targets. The EPISCOPE Synthesis Report No. 4 documents the individual approaches of collecting information for the investigated residential building stocks as a foundation for building stock models and scenario calculations. Issues related to the availability of data and data quality are discussed, and concepts for a continuous monitoring (a regular data collection) are presented as a basis for a future tracking of energy performance in the observed building stocks.
This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study 5 of non-profit housing i... more This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study 5 of non-profit housing involving researchers 6 in three countries using a common methodology to engage the leaders of non-profit organisations themselves in the research process. The paper draws on earlier work on the hybridisation of social housing provision and the competing logics of state, market and third sector. It explores the hypothesis that despite the rhetoric of independence from government and the discourse of social enterprise, the relationship with the state has been one of the key influences on scope for action and hybridity in each country studied. It uses a modified Delphi methodology to collect information from leaders of non-profit housing organisations in three countries about how their organisations are negotiating these hybrid influences on their strategy and operations. This method involves collation of responses to scaled surveys from panels of 20-31 organisations in each country, playing back the results to the participants and follow up depth interviews with samples of respondents to explore and interpret the meanings of their responses 7. The paper is intended to elicit comments on the approach by displaying preliminary findings in relation to state influences on hybridity; reflecting on methodology and drawing out some tentative conclusions in relation to the paper's hypothesis. Contrary to Koppell's (2001) warning in another domain of housing hybrids, it appears that state influence and control over social housing hybrids remains a key influence on their scope and action.
Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). ... more Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above.
In the past ten to twenty years, governments in various countries have introduced or reinforced m... more In the past ten to twenty years, governments in various countries have introduced or reinforced market principles in their housing systems. As a consequence, social landlords should have increased opportunities to adopt a more market-oriented approach towards the management of their housing stock. Nevertheless, in many countries governments still have a substantial influence on the social rented housing sector. In this paper we analyse the influence of statutory regulations on the management of the social rented housing stock in four European countries and in Australia, in order to assess to what extent these regulations help or impede the development of a market-oriented asset management. We carry out this analysis in four areas: rent setting, sale of dwellings, allocation of dwellings to tenants, and maintenance and renewal. After an explanation of the term 'marketoriented' in relation to asset management, we describe government restrictions to social housing management in the countries under consideration. We go into current policies and their implications for asset management. We analyse the room for a market-oriented policy and the extent to which this kind of policy has become common among social landlords.
In recent years, energy efficiency is a topic of growing importance not only on the political age... more In recent years, energy efficiency is a topic of growing importance not only on the political agenda of many Western countries, but also in the management of individual housing providers in these countries. Although there are many publications on how these organisations take up the topic of energy efficiency in their policies and activities, not so much has been written about the progress in policy in the national housing sectors as a whole. This paper presents the results of an investigation about the policy developments in the non-profit housing sector in the Netherlands, in which the present situation is compared with that of four years ago. Where did the Dutch non-profit housing providers stand in their policy development concerning energy efficiency, and where do they stand now? Have they become more ambitious or less ambitious? The paper also deals with the main stimuli and barriers that the non-profit housing providers have perceived. The findings show a progress in policy in...
All Rights Reserved C 2004 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, ... more All Rights Reserved C 2004 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
The embedding of energy efficiency in the management of individual housing organisations is cruci... more The embedding of energy efficiency in the management of individual housing organisations is crucial for the realization of current ambitious energy efficiency policies. This issue is examined for the first time in this book through an analysis of selected case studies in new ‘green’ buildings, as well as in the retrofitting of existing housing, maintenance and budgeting. The links between policy ambitions, practice and housing management institutions are given particular attention. Thus the book is primarily concerned with how ambitions about energy efficiency are carried forward in investment decisions at the housing estate level. Technical and financial issues relevant for this are also addressed. The editors combine a wealth of experience in comparative research on housing policy and housing management with a strong academic background in housing studies and economics. The book aims to be internationally comparative including a range of countries. A chapter will be devoted to each of the following countries:- Sweden; Denmark; Germany; the Netherlands; England; France; Switzerland; Austria; Czech Republic; Slovenia; Canada. The book will appeal to a large audience of students and academics who are concerned with housing issues, urban policy and politics as well as to those engaged in research in energy efficiency policies in the built environment.
International Encyclopedia of Housing and Home, 2012
Abstract This article concentrates on the private housing sector, in which the word ‘private’ is ... more Abstract This article concentrates on the private housing sector, in which the word ‘private’ is used in the sense of ‘nonpublic’. This means that not only the private commercial sector, but also the private social (nonprofit) sector is included. This article also concentrates on professional housing management organisations, so not on owner-occupiers and not on small, individual landlords either. There are several classifications of housing management, for example according to level of operation, type of activity, and content. The last two decades show a focus on the social–commercial dimension, which has its background in the fact that the distinction between the profit and the nonprofit housing sectors has become blurred.
CO2 reduction by means of energy conservation is an important topic in the Dutch governmental env... more CO2 reduction by means of energy conservation is an important topic in the Dutch governmental environmental policies. With new construction accounting for a fraction of the total building stock, existing dwellings are of great importance in the Dutch sustainable building policies. With 35% of the total housing stock in the Netherlands, the social rented sector, and therefore housing associations, could play a major role in energy conservation. However, the large energy conservation potential that is present in the existing stock owned by the housing associations is only to a minor extent exploited.
This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study5 of non-profit housing; o... more This paper presents the results of an international collaborative study5 of non-profit housing; one of the main alternatives to public housing developed in many countries. The study involved researchers6 in three countries using a common methodology to engage the leaders of non-profit organisations themselves in the research process. The paper draws on earlier work on the hybridisation of social housing provision and the competing logics of state, market and third sector. It explores the hypothesis that despite the rhetoric of independence from government and the discourse of social enterprise, the relationship of non-profits with the state has been one of the key influences on the scope for action and forms of hybridity in each country studied. It uses a modified Delphi methodology to collect information from leaders of non-profit housing organisations in three countries about how their organisations are negotiating hybrid influences on their strategy and operations. This method in...
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