Abstract This paper addresses the problem of designing and implementing a data-driven model based... more Abstract This paper addresses the problem of designing and implementing a data-driven model based model predictive controller (MPC). In particular, we consider the problem where a subspace identification approach is utilized to determine a state-space model, while applying first-principles based knowledge in the model identification (denoted as the constrained subspace model). The incorporation of the first-principles based constraints in the subspace matrix Patel et al. (2020) often leads to a feed-through matrix being present. Such a model then is the best representation of the system dynamics, but does not lend itself readily to existing linear MPC formulations where the feed-through matrix is assumed to be zero. Thus, an existing linear MPC formulation is adapted to handle the feed through matrix. The superior performance of this MPC design, which can utilize the constrained subspace model, over existing approaches is demonstrated using a two tank chemical stirred tank reactor process.
Introduction RNAs have a wide variety of biological functions, possessing the ability to alter th... more Introduction RNAs have a wide variety of biological functions, possessing the ability to alter their secondary and tertiary structures in order to present different functional states. The genomes of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses have historically been seen as a passenger in the process of genome compaction and packaging when forming virions. Previous studies focussed on the viral coat proteins (CP) driving assembly via charge neutralisation alone. This mechanism cannot account for the high level of viral genome packaging specificity seen in almost all cases. We demonstrated previously, using single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (smFCS), that the model system, MS2 bacteriophage, preferentially packages its own RNA genome via binding of its cognate CP to multiple regions of degenerate sequence/structure within the RNA that we term packaging signals (PS). This sequence-specific binding is accompanied by a collapse in the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the ge...
This manuscript addresses the problem of modeling an industrial (Sartorius) bioreactor using proc... more This manuscript addresses the problem of modeling an industrial (Sartorius) bioreactor using process data. In the context of the Sartorius Bioreactor, it is important to appropriately address the problem of dealing with a large number of variables, which are not always measured or are measured at different sampling rates, without taking recourse to simpler interpolation- or imputation-based approaches. To this end, a dynamic model for the Sartorius Bioreactor is developed via appropriately adapting a recently presented subspace model identification technique, which in turn uses nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithms to gracefully handle the missing data. The other key contribution is evaluating the ability of the identification approach to provide insight into the process by computing interpretable variables such as metabolite rates. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to model data from the Sartorius Bioreactor.
This paper addresses the problem of quality modeling in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) production... more This paper addresses the problem of quality modeling in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) production. The key challenge is handling the large amounts of missing quality measurements in each batch due to the time and cost sensitive nature of the measurements. To this end, a missing data subspace algorithm that adapts nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithms from both partial least squares (PLS) and principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to build a data driven dynamic model. The use of NIPALS algorithms allows for the correlation structure of the input–output data to minimize the impact of the large amounts of missing quality measurements. These techniques are utilized in a simulated case study to successfully model the PMMA process in particular, and demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm to handle the quality prediction problem in general.
Single-stranded RNA viral genomes (gRNA) are dynamic molecules that permit packaging into virions... more Single-stranded RNA viral genomes (gRNA) are dynamic molecules that permit packaging into virions and their subsequent extrusion during infection. For viruses with such genomes, we discovered a previously unsuspected mechanism that regulates their assembly. This regulation is the result of multiple cognate coat protein (CP)–gRNA contacts distributed across the RNA. Collectively, these interactions make the assembly highly efficient and specific. The regions of the gRNA packaging signals (PSs) driving this assembly are potential drug targets, whilst the manipulation of PS–CP contacts with nonviral RNA cargos is a route towards bespoke virus-like particles. Infectivity depends on the virions being able to transfer their gRNAs into host cells. The starting point for this transfer appears to be an encapsidated RNA with a defined three-dimensional structure, especially around the PSs. A combination of asymmetric cryo-electron microscopy structure determination and X-ray synchrotron footp...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender differences have an effect on inflammat... more The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender differences have an effect on inflammation and thrombosis in a rat model of venous thrombosis. A thrombus was created in mature female (n = 12) and male (n = 12) Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) by ligating the inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC containing the thrombus was harvested at 1 and 3 days postligation, weighed, measured, and submitted for immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, hematology was performed at selected time points. There were no statistically significant differences in thrombus mass (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) between female and male rats at 1 (683 +/- 47.7 x 10(-4) versus 660 +/- 112.0 x 10(-4) g/cm) or 3 (683 +/- 83.3 x 10(-4) versus 580 +/- 86.0 x 10(-4) g/cm) days post-ligation. Females had significantly more platelets than did males on day 1 (741 +/- 37.2 versus 523 +/- 55.1 K/microL, P < 0.01). Day 3 males showed significant increases in vein wall neutrophils (18.0 +/- 2.30 versus 1...
2014 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT-2014], 2014
Agriculture played vital role in countries development. It helped in improving the economy of the... more Agriculture played vital role in countries development. It helped in improving the economy of the country. But from past couple of decades, state of agriculture hadn't improved much. It was even declining in some of the areas. Farmers had started to utilize different agricultural techniques, fertilizers, hybrid seed, etc. but it was not worthwhile for long term improvement. So farmers had diverted their attention toward utilization of science and technology. Different monitoring systems had been installed to improve the yield. The developed system monitored different agricultural parameters and transmitted them wirelessly to central unit via. Microcontroller. The real time values of different parameters were displayed at both transmitter and receivers side. Sensors used were tested for different environmental condition like changing the temperature across the fields. Also the wireless module was examined against different obstacles. It was found that system works well in transmitting real time values wirelessly to remotely placed receiver.
This work presents a design for a three phase active power filter using a reduced switch (B4) top... more This work presents a design for a three phase active power filter using a reduced switch (B4) topology and one-cycle control. The B4 topology offers the advantage of reduced cost and bridge losses at the expense of increased DC-side voltage and device stress. This design also provides the advantages associated with one-cycle control. This constant frequency switching technique requires neither
The second part of the authors&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;am... more The second part of the authors&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; study on operating room fires analyzes the construct of the nasal cannula used during facial surgery for patients under conscious sedation with supplemental oxygen. This prospective study compares two common styles of nasal cannulas with a nasopharyngeal system described in their first report. Twenty patients underwent upper and/or lower lid blepharoplasty under conscious sedation with one of three methods of supplemental oxygen delivery: a Mac-Safe nasal cannula (Unomedical, Inc., McAllen, Texas), a Salter nasal cannula (Salter Laboratories, Arvin, Calif.), and a nasopharyngeal system with cut ends of a cannula placed into a rubber nasopharyngeal tube. Oxygen concentrations were measured at 24 locations around the face for each method at a low (3 liters/minute) and high flow rates (6 liters/minute) using a random access mass spectrometer unit. At both low and high oxygen flow rates, the median oxygen concentration at and above the nose was statistically lower (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) using the nasopharyngeal system than with either the Mac-Safe or Salter nasal cannula. In addition, the oxygen concentrations measured using the two nasal cannulas were more variable than with the nasopharyngeal method, particularly at locations around and above the nose. This study demonstrates that mass spectrometry oxygen readings around the face are similar to room air when the cut ends of the oxygen cannulas are passed down the nasaopharyngeal tube, whereas readings are significantly higher with the nasal cannulas. The nasopharyngeal system that the authors describe represents a significantly safer means of oxygen delivery during conscious sedation.
Abstract This paper addresses the problem of designing and implementing a data-driven model based... more Abstract This paper addresses the problem of designing and implementing a data-driven model based model predictive controller (MPC). In particular, we consider the problem where a subspace identification approach is utilized to determine a state-space model, while applying first-principles based knowledge in the model identification (denoted as the constrained subspace model). The incorporation of the first-principles based constraints in the subspace matrix Patel et al. (2020) often leads to a feed-through matrix being present. Such a model then is the best representation of the system dynamics, but does not lend itself readily to existing linear MPC formulations where the feed-through matrix is assumed to be zero. Thus, an existing linear MPC formulation is adapted to handle the feed through matrix. The superior performance of this MPC design, which can utilize the constrained subspace model, over existing approaches is demonstrated using a two tank chemical stirred tank reactor process.
Introduction RNAs have a wide variety of biological functions, possessing the ability to alter th... more Introduction RNAs have a wide variety of biological functions, possessing the ability to alter their secondary and tertiary structures in order to present different functional states. The genomes of single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viruses have historically been seen as a passenger in the process of genome compaction and packaging when forming virions. Previous studies focussed on the viral coat proteins (CP) driving assembly via charge neutralisation alone. This mechanism cannot account for the high level of viral genome packaging specificity seen in almost all cases. We demonstrated previously, using single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (smFCS), that the model system, MS2 bacteriophage, preferentially packages its own RNA genome via binding of its cognate CP to multiple regions of degenerate sequence/structure within the RNA that we term packaging signals (PS). This sequence-specific binding is accompanied by a collapse in the hydrodynamic radius (Rh) of the ge...
This manuscript addresses the problem of modeling an industrial (Sartorius) bioreactor using proc... more This manuscript addresses the problem of modeling an industrial (Sartorius) bioreactor using process data. In the context of the Sartorius Bioreactor, it is important to appropriately address the problem of dealing with a large number of variables, which are not always measured or are measured at different sampling rates, without taking recourse to simpler interpolation- or imputation-based approaches. To this end, a dynamic model for the Sartorius Bioreactor is developed via appropriately adapting a recently presented subspace model identification technique, which in turn uses nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithms to gracefully handle the missing data. The other key contribution is evaluating the ability of the identification approach to provide insight into the process by computing interpretable variables such as metabolite rates. The results demonstrate the ability of the proposed approach to model data from the Sartorius Bioreactor.
This paper addresses the problem of quality modeling in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) production... more This paper addresses the problem of quality modeling in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) production. The key challenge is handling the large amounts of missing quality measurements in each batch due to the time and cost sensitive nature of the measurements. To this end, a missing data subspace algorithm that adapts nonlinear iterative partial least squares (NIPALS) algorithms from both partial least squares (PLS) and principal component analysis (PCA) is utilized to build a data driven dynamic model. The use of NIPALS algorithms allows for the correlation structure of the input–output data to minimize the impact of the large amounts of missing quality measurements. These techniques are utilized in a simulated case study to successfully model the PMMA process in particular, and demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm to handle the quality prediction problem in general.
Single-stranded RNA viral genomes (gRNA) are dynamic molecules that permit packaging into virions... more Single-stranded RNA viral genomes (gRNA) are dynamic molecules that permit packaging into virions and their subsequent extrusion during infection. For viruses with such genomes, we discovered a previously unsuspected mechanism that regulates their assembly. This regulation is the result of multiple cognate coat protein (CP)–gRNA contacts distributed across the RNA. Collectively, these interactions make the assembly highly efficient and specific. The regions of the gRNA packaging signals (PSs) driving this assembly are potential drug targets, whilst the manipulation of PS–CP contacts with nonviral RNA cargos is a route towards bespoke virus-like particles. Infectivity depends on the virions being able to transfer their gRNAs into host cells. The starting point for this transfer appears to be an encapsidated RNA with a defined three-dimensional structure, especially around the PSs. A combination of asymmetric cryo-electron microscopy structure determination and X-ray synchrotron footp...
The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender differences have an effect on inflammat... more The purpose of this study was to determine whether gender differences have an effect on inflammation and thrombosis in a rat model of venous thrombosis. A thrombus was created in mature female (n = 12) and male (n = 12) Sprague Dawley rats (Rattus norvegicus) by ligating the inferior vena cava (IVC). The IVC containing the thrombus was harvested at 1 and 3 days postligation, weighed, measured, and submitted for immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, hematology was performed at selected time points. There were no statistically significant differences in thrombus mass (mean +/- 1 standard deviation) between female and male rats at 1 (683 +/- 47.7 x 10(-4) versus 660 +/- 112.0 x 10(-4) g/cm) or 3 (683 +/- 83.3 x 10(-4) versus 580 +/- 86.0 x 10(-4) g/cm) days post-ligation. Females had significantly more platelets than did males on day 1 (741 +/- 37.2 versus 523 +/- 55.1 K/microL, P < 0.01). Day 3 males showed significant increases in vein wall neutrophils (18.0 +/- 2.30 versus 1...
2014 International Conference on Circuits, Power and Computing Technologies [ICCPCT-2014], 2014
Agriculture played vital role in countries development. It helped in improving the economy of the... more Agriculture played vital role in countries development. It helped in improving the economy of the country. But from past couple of decades, state of agriculture hadn't improved much. It was even declining in some of the areas. Farmers had started to utilize different agricultural techniques, fertilizers, hybrid seed, etc. but it was not worthwhile for long term improvement. So farmers had diverted their attention toward utilization of science and technology. Different monitoring systems had been installed to improve the yield. The developed system monitored different agricultural parameters and transmitted them wirelessly to central unit via. Microcontroller. The real time values of different parameters were displayed at both transmitter and receivers side. Sensors used were tested for different environmental condition like changing the temperature across the fields. Also the wireless module was examined against different obstacles. It was found that system works well in transmitting real time values wirelessly to remotely placed receiver.
This work presents a design for a three phase active power filter using a reduced switch (B4) top... more This work presents a design for a three phase active power filter using a reduced switch (B4) topology and one-cycle control. The B4 topology offers the advantage of reduced cost and bridge losses at the expense of increased DC-side voltage and device stress. This design also provides the advantages associated with one-cycle control. This constant frequency switching technique requires neither
The second part of the authors&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;am... more The second part of the authors&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39; study on operating room fires analyzes the construct of the nasal cannula used during facial surgery for patients under conscious sedation with supplemental oxygen. This prospective study compares two common styles of nasal cannulas with a nasopharyngeal system described in their first report. Twenty patients underwent upper and/or lower lid blepharoplasty under conscious sedation with one of three methods of supplemental oxygen delivery: a Mac-Safe nasal cannula (Unomedical, Inc., McAllen, Texas), a Salter nasal cannula (Salter Laboratories, Arvin, Calif.), and a nasopharyngeal system with cut ends of a cannula placed into a rubber nasopharyngeal tube. Oxygen concentrations were measured at 24 locations around the face for each method at a low (3 liters/minute) and high flow rates (6 liters/minute) using a random access mass spectrometer unit. At both low and high oxygen flow rates, the median oxygen concentration at and above the nose was statistically lower (p &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;lt; 0.001) using the nasopharyngeal system than with either the Mac-Safe or Salter nasal cannula. In addition, the oxygen concentrations measured using the two nasal cannulas were more variable than with the nasopharyngeal method, particularly at locations around and above the nose. This study demonstrates that mass spectrometry oxygen readings around the face are similar to room air when the cut ends of the oxygen cannulas are passed down the nasaopharyngeal tube, whereas readings are significantly higher with the nasal cannulas. The nasopharyngeal system that the authors describe represents a significantly safer means of oxygen delivery during conscious sedation.
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