Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies
Primary resources are typically used in lithium extraction. Unfortunately, it impacts the depende... more Primary resources are typically used in lithium extraction. Unfortunately, it impacts the dependency on the availability of primary resources to fulfill the lithium demand. Therefore, the use of secondary resources can be an alternative to using lithium resources. Gold bullion slag is an example of a potential secondary resource used as a lithium source because it contains 0.009 % lithium. This research aims at increasing lithium recovery from the gold bullion slag by studying the effects of various variables to enhance lithium recovery. Lithium extraction was carried out via HCl leaching process with concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M at 25, 40, 55, and 70 °C for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to examine lithium level, whereas scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to look over the morphology. The significance of the recovery value was analyz...
In this work, coconut shell was used as raw material to. Dried coconut shells were burned in a cl... more In this work, coconut shell was used as raw material to. Dried coconut shells were burned in a close compartment to form coconut charcoal. The dried carbon was further washed with hot distilled water to obtain a pH 7 and was dried again in an oven at 100 °C for 12 hours. The carbon was further pyrolyzed at two temperature variations, i.e. at 400 °C and 1400 °C, under argon environment for two hours before being cooled to room temperature and ready for characterization. The X-ray diffraction result showed that there are two prominent peaks centred around 2θ 25° and 43°, whereas the scanning electron microscopy result showed the flakes microstructure with long range size variation. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the composition of sample pyrolyzed at 400° C has 59-85 % carbon 7-37 % oxygen and 0.02-0.93 other elements (Si, P, Cl, K, Ti and Ni), whereas the sample pyrolyzed at 1400 °C has 88-92 % carbon, 7.8-11.7 % oxygen and 0.01-0.4 % other elements. This result showed that the coconut shell has the potential to be used as a cheap raw material for synthesizing nanocarbon using a simple method.
Dalam penelitian kali ini, telah didemonstarsikan penggunaan Grafin Oksida (GO) sebagai material ... more Dalam penelitian kali ini, telah didemonstarsikan penggunaan Grafin Oksida (GO) sebagai material pengantar lubang pada sel surya hibrid Bulk-Heterojunction (BHJ). Sebuah metode sederhana digunakan dalam memodifikasi anoda dari sel surya hibrid dengan cara mendeposisi material karbon nano hasil proses larutan diantara kaca transparan indium timah oksida(ITO) dan lapisan fotoaktif. Perngguanan GO ini ditujukan untuk mengganti secara keseluruhan polimer konduktif poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Dengan penggunaan lapisan GO ini, perbaikan efisiensi konversi energi dari 0,1% menjadi 1,66 % dapat dicapai melalu mekanisme penurunan hambatan seri (RS). Dengan hasil ini GO telah berhasil menunjukkan potensial yang besar untuk digunakan sebagai material pengantar lubang yang efisien pada sel surya hibrid
Used of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar in the synthesis of LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C for lithium ion ba... more Used of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar in the synthesis of LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C for lithium ion battery cathode has been examined. The process was begun by synthesizing LiFePO4through a hydrothermal method with the precursors of LiOH, NH4H2PO4and FeSO4.7H2O. The as-synthesized LiFePO4was then mixed with various H4NO3V concentrations and fixed 3 wt.% of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar and calcined for 2 hours at 400 °C. The result was ball-milled and was then characterized using a thermal analyzer to determine the transition temperature at which sintering temperature of 700 °C for 4 hours was obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to analyze the crystal structure whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure and surface morphology. XRD results show that LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C phase has been formed with an olivine-based structure. SEM results showed an even distribution of LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C particles. The batteries were prepared from the as-synth...
Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies
Primary resources are typically used in lithium extraction. Unfortunately, it impacts the depende... more Primary resources are typically used in lithium extraction. Unfortunately, it impacts the dependency on the availability of primary resources to fulfill the lithium demand. Therefore, the use of secondary resources can be an alternative to using lithium resources. Gold bullion slag is an example of a potential secondary resource used as a lithium source because it contains 0.009 % lithium. This research aims at increasing lithium recovery from the gold bullion slag by studying the effects of various variables to enhance lithium recovery. Lithium extraction was carried out via HCl leaching process with concentrations of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 M at 25, 40, 55, and 70 °C for 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to examine lithium level, whereas scanning electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was used to look over the morphology. The significance of the recovery value was analyz...
In this work, coconut shell was used as raw material to. Dried coconut shells were burned in a cl... more In this work, coconut shell was used as raw material to. Dried coconut shells were burned in a close compartment to form coconut charcoal. The dried carbon was further washed with hot distilled water to obtain a pH 7 and was dried again in an oven at 100 °C for 12 hours. The carbon was further pyrolyzed at two temperature variations, i.e. at 400 °C and 1400 °C, under argon environment for two hours before being cooled to room temperature and ready for characterization. The X-ray diffraction result showed that there are two prominent peaks centred around 2θ 25° and 43°, whereas the scanning electron microscopy result showed the flakes microstructure with long range size variation. The energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that the composition of sample pyrolyzed at 400° C has 59-85 % carbon 7-37 % oxygen and 0.02-0.93 other elements (Si, P, Cl, K, Ti and Ni), whereas the sample pyrolyzed at 1400 °C has 88-92 % carbon, 7.8-11.7 % oxygen and 0.01-0.4 % other elements. This result showed that the coconut shell has the potential to be used as a cheap raw material for synthesizing nanocarbon using a simple method.
Dalam penelitian kali ini, telah didemonstarsikan penggunaan Grafin Oksida (GO) sebagai material ... more Dalam penelitian kali ini, telah didemonstarsikan penggunaan Grafin Oksida (GO) sebagai material pengantar lubang pada sel surya hibrid Bulk-Heterojunction (BHJ). Sebuah metode sederhana digunakan dalam memodifikasi anoda dari sel surya hibrid dengan cara mendeposisi material karbon nano hasil proses larutan diantara kaca transparan indium timah oksida(ITO) dan lapisan fotoaktif. Perngguanan GO ini ditujukan untuk mengganti secara keseluruhan polimer konduktif poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS). Dengan penggunaan lapisan GO ini, perbaikan efisiensi konversi energi dari 0,1% menjadi 1,66 % dapat dicapai melalu mekanisme penurunan hambatan seri (RS). Dengan hasil ini GO telah berhasil menunjukkan potensial yang besar untuk digunakan sebagai material pengantar lubang yang efisien pada sel surya hibrid
Used of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar in the synthesis of LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C for lithium ion ba... more Used of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar in the synthesis of LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C for lithium ion battery cathode has been examined. The process was begun by synthesizing LiFePO4through a hydrothermal method with the precursors of LiOH, NH4H2PO4and FeSO4.7H2O. The as-synthesized LiFePO4was then mixed with various H4NO3V concentrations and fixed 3 wt.% of carbon pyrolyzed from table sugar and calcined for 2 hours at 400 °C. The result was ball-milled and was then characterized using a thermal analyzer to determine the transition temperature at which sintering temperature of 700 °C for 4 hours was obtained. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was performed to analyze the crystal structure whereas scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the microstructure and surface morphology. XRD results show that LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C phase has been formed with an olivine-based structure. SEM results showed an even distribution of LiFe(1-x)VxPO4/C particles. The batteries were prepared from the as-synth...
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