At the moment, two freshwater bivalve species were described for the continental Jurassic of Pata... more At the moment, two freshwater bivalve species were described for the continental Jurassic of Patagonia: Diplodon simplex Morton and Diplodon matildensis Morton from La Matilde Formation of the Santa Cruz province. The Cañadón Asfalto Formation located in Chubut province exhibits a high diverse invertebrate fossil fauna preserved mainly in lacustrine facies, which includes clam shrimps, bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and insects. However, few studies have been carried out on freshwater bivalve of this geological unit. In this work, a morphological description of bivalve assemblage and paleoenvironment analysis from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation was performed. Forty samples were collected from three stratigraphic levels at the Cañadón Asfalto locality. These levels are ash fall tuffs rich in glass particles accumulated in a lacustrine system with development of microbial activity. Morphological analyzes of outline and sizes were performed at each level. Our results showing the smalle...
Abstract: Spinicaudatans are a diverse and geographically widespread group of small branchiopod c... more Abstract: Spinicaudatans are a diverse and geographically widespread group of small branchiopod crustaceans with an excellent fossil record. They inhabit ephemeral freshwater habitats with warm conditions and pH levels from neutral to alkaline. Many studies have been performed on the systematics of this group, also known as ‘conchostracans', although the paleoecology of these clam shrimp has not been widely analyzed. This paper examines some aspects of the relationship between spinicaudatans and their environments from the Upper Jurassic (Cañadón Asfalto Formation) of Argentina. We used sedimentological analysis to infer paleoenvironmental factors. Spinicaudatan features were also measured, including carapace size, growth band width, and growth lines. The results of this study reveal that the observed spinicaudatan species (Congestheriella rauhuti, Wolfestheria smekali, and Wolfestheria sp.) would have lived in carbonate lacustrine systems characterized by benthic microbial communities dominated by cyanobacteria. However, environmental factors such as oxygenation, pyroclastic deposits, and associated fauna (fish, ostracods, bivalves, and charophytes) were different at each locality. The spinicaudatan carapaces also show varying morphological features such as small or large carapace size, narrow or wide growth bands and low or high density of growth lines. These differences are related to abiotic (volcanic-oxygen) and biotic (fish and microbial) factors regarded as important agents for the development of the spinicaudatan populations.
Palynologic assemblages from Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin (ce... more Palynologic assemblages from Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin (central Chubut) and the Neuquén Basin are compared. The following localities are considered: Cañadón Lahuincó and Estancia Fossati (Chubut); Charahuilla, Arroyo Picún Leufú, and Portada Covunco (Neuquén). Palynostratigraphic and statistic studies show tendencies in diversity at species level and in suprageneric groups. Topographically elevated hinterlands with prevailing conifer vegetation (Araucariaceae and/or Podocarpaceae) can be inferred for the Jurassic. A very high representation of the thermophilous Cheirolepidiacean Classopollis pollen indicates warm, arid to semiarid climatic conditions in Chubut. A high representation of trilete spores suggests local humid conditions (deltaic swamps) in the studied Middle Jurassic areas of the Neuquén Basin, within a general semiarid climatic context. Low specific palynologic diversity in the lowermost part of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (early Middle Jurassic) could be explained by the high frequency and intensity of the volcanic activity. In order to understand the regional paleoclimatic context, it is necessary to look northwards and southwards of the studied area. During the Late Jurassic, extremely arid conditions are indicated for nearly the whole extension of the Chaco-Paraná Basin and the Paraná Basin, which are the scenario of the largest paleodesert known so far from the geologic record worldwide ("Botucatú-paleodesert"). Along the Pacific coast, the paleoclimatic picture of an extremely arid region, at the same paleolatitudes mentioned, was completed by extensive Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) deposits of evaporites (anhydrite, gypsum), extending from Zapala (Neuquén Province) to the San Juan Province and continuing to southern Perú. Southwards of the studied area, in the Santa Cruz Province, previous records of arborescent ferns and coal deposits in the Middle to Late Jurassic La Matilde Formation suggest, at least locally, moist conditions.Sesiones libresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse
Abstract The limestones of the Calabozo Formation of early Callovian age, crop out in the Neuquén... more Abstract The limestones of the Calabozo Formation of early Callovian age, crop out in the Neuquén Basin, southwestern Mendoza Province, Argentina. Facies/microfacies analysis at Arroyo El Plomo, west of Malargüe, shows that the limestones of the Calabozo Formation ...
ABSTRACT Six facies associations are described for the Puesto Almada Member at the Cerro Bandera ... more ABSTRACT Six facies associations are described for the Puesto Almada Member at the Cerro Bandera locality (Fossati sub-basin). They correspond to lacustrine, palustrine, and pedogenic deposits (limestones); and subordinated alluvial fan, fluvial, aeolian, and pyroclastic deposits. The lacustrine–palustrine depositional setting consisted of carbonate alkaline shallow lakes surrounded by flooded areas in a low-lying topography. The facies associations constitute four shallowing upward successions defined by local exposure surfaces: 1) a Lacustrine–Palustrine-pedogenic facies association with a ‘conchostracan’–ostracod association; 2) a Palustrine facies association representing a wetland subenvironment, and yielding ‘conchostracans’, body remains of insects, fish scales, ichnofossils, and palynomorphs (cheirolepidiacean species and ferns growing around water bodies, and other gymnosperms in more elevated areas); 3) an Alluvial fan facies association indicating the source of sediment supply; and 4) a Lacustrine facies association representing a second wetland episode, and yielding ‘conchostracans’, insect ichnofossils, and a palynoflora mainly consisting of planktonic green algae associated with hygrophile elements. The invertebrate fossil assemblage found contains the first record of fossil insect bodies (Insecta-Hemiptera and Coleoptera) for the Cañadón Asfalto Formation. The succession reflects a mainly climatic control over sedimentation. The sedimentary features of the Puesto Almada Member are in accordance with an arid climatic scenario across the Upper Jurassic, and they reflect a strong seasonality with periods of higher humidity represented by wetlands and lacustrine sediments.
This file represent a complementary PCA anlysis between chemical data from fossil and mineral spe... more This file represent a complementary PCA anlysis between chemical data from fossil and mineral species. There are a paragraph about study description, one figure and three tables of analysis
Spinicaudatans (‘clam shrimps’) are small branchiopod crustaceans enclosed in a chitinous bivalve... more Spinicaudatans (‘clam shrimps’) are small branchiopod crustaceans enclosed in a chitinous bivalved carapace that is often the only preserved element in the fossil record. However, few studies have analyzed the preservation of these carapaces, which have been found in continental facies from the Devonian to the present. The aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the chemical preservation of fossil spinicaudatan carapaces, and focused on spinicaudatan carapaces of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation from the Jurassic of Argentina. Semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis provided elemental composition data that were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a complex chemical mode of preservation for spinicaudatan carapaces. In some parts, EDS spectra of the specimens exhibits peaks of calcium, phosphorous, aluminum and fluorine, representing the retention of original carapace material with some diagenetic recrystallization. Certain zones of the carapace show low intensity peaks of the elements mentioned above, while silicon and oxygen peaks (from the rock matrix) become the dominant spectral signals. These modes of preservation modify the interpretations and observations of the ornamentation of the carapace, which are used as taxonomic features. Our results suggest that specific diagenetic processes play a fundamental role in the preservation of spinicaudatans
This file correspond to tables from PCA analysis of main manuscript. There are three tables with ... more This file correspond to tables from PCA analysis of main manuscript. There are three tables with captions
Re-examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the type material of the species des... more Re-examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the type material of the species described by Tasch and Volkheimer (1970) and Vallati (1986) was applied, as well as, new materials collected from different localities of the Las Chacritas Member from Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Argentina). Morphological description and new SEM images of the ornamentation pattern revealed features on carapaces that had not been recognized previously. These species are now referred to the family Eosestheriidae as Carapacestheria taschi (Vallati, 1986) and to the family Fushunograptidae as Wolfestheria patagoniensis (Tasch, in Tasch and Volkheimer, 1970). These records increase our knowledge about the Jurassic faunas from Argentina.
Stratigraphy, facies analysis and paleoenvironments of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Jurassic Ce... more Stratigraphy, facies analysis and paleoenvironments of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Jurassic Cerro Cóndor depocenter, Chubut province. The Cerro Cóndor depocenter represents the most complete stratigraphic sequence of the continental Jurassic of the Cañadón Asfalto basin and southern South America. It is situated in extraandean Patagonia, on both sides of the middle Chubut river valley. The sedimentation in this pull-apart basin begins early in the Middle Jurassic, accompanied by effusions of olivinic basalts. The prevailing lacustrine deposits are characterized by carbonatic and siliciclastic facies associations, interfingering with volcanic deposits grading from lavic in the base to predominantly pyroclastic towards the top. The facies evolution from north to south is described, embracing the sections of farm El Torito and the canyons of Los Loros, Las Chacritas, Carrizal, Asfalto and Lahuincó. The carbonatic facies/microfacies are represented by mudstones, wackestones, packston...
Las investigaciones interdisciplinarias que han comenzado recientemente en el Macrosistema Iberá ... more Las investigaciones interdisciplinarias que han comenzado recientemente en el Macrosistema Iberá buscan, entre otros aspectos, ampliar el conocimiento sobre la arqueología regional. En este artículo se dan a conocer los resultados de los análisis realizados sobre la colección de restos óseos humanos, faunísticos, líticos y cerámicos recuperados en el sitio Isla El Disparito. Sumado a esto se presentan los resultados sedimentológicos, paleobotánicos y mineralógicos del sitio, así como los fechados radiocarbónicos hasta ahora obtenidos. En los trabajos realizados se recuperaron fragmentos cerámicos alisados sin decoración, corrugados y decorados (por incisión y/o impresión), los que corresponderían a variados recipientes de contornos simples o complejos. A esto se suma un variado utillaje confeccionado tanto sobre hueso como sobre material lítico. Este último está elaborado principalmente sobre areniscas, conformado por puntas de proyectil con pedúnculo y aletas rectas o cóncavas; rae...
At the moment, two freshwater bivalve species were described for the continental Jurassic of Pata... more At the moment, two freshwater bivalve species were described for the continental Jurassic of Patagonia: Diplodon simplex Morton and Diplodon matildensis Morton from La Matilde Formation of the Santa Cruz province. The Cañadón Asfalto Formation located in Chubut province exhibits a high diverse invertebrate fossil fauna preserved mainly in lacustrine facies, which includes clam shrimps, bivalves, gastropods, ostracods and insects. However, few studies have been carried out on freshwater bivalve of this geological unit. In this work, a morphological description of bivalve assemblage and paleoenvironment analysis from the Cañadón Asfalto Formation was performed. Forty samples were collected from three stratigraphic levels at the Cañadón Asfalto locality. These levels are ash fall tuffs rich in glass particles accumulated in a lacustrine system with development of microbial activity. Morphological analyzes of outline and sizes were performed at each level. Our results showing the smalle...
Abstract: Spinicaudatans are a diverse and geographically widespread group of small branchiopod c... more Abstract: Spinicaudatans are a diverse and geographically widespread group of small branchiopod crustaceans with an excellent fossil record. They inhabit ephemeral freshwater habitats with warm conditions and pH levels from neutral to alkaline. Many studies have been performed on the systematics of this group, also known as ‘conchostracans', although the paleoecology of these clam shrimp has not been widely analyzed. This paper examines some aspects of the relationship between spinicaudatans and their environments from the Upper Jurassic (Cañadón Asfalto Formation) of Argentina. We used sedimentological analysis to infer paleoenvironmental factors. Spinicaudatan features were also measured, including carapace size, growth band width, and growth lines. The results of this study reveal that the observed spinicaudatan species (Congestheriella rauhuti, Wolfestheria smekali, and Wolfestheria sp.) would have lived in carbonate lacustrine systems characterized by benthic microbial communities dominated by cyanobacteria. However, environmental factors such as oxygenation, pyroclastic deposits, and associated fauna (fish, ostracods, bivalves, and charophytes) were different at each locality. The spinicaudatan carapaces also show varying morphological features such as small or large carapace size, narrow or wide growth bands and low or high density of growth lines. These differences are related to abiotic (volcanic-oxygen) and biotic (fish and microbial) factors regarded as important agents for the development of the spinicaudatan populations.
Palynologic assemblages from Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin (ce... more Palynologic assemblages from Middle and Upper Jurassic sediments of the Cañadón Asfalto Basin (central Chubut) and the Neuquén Basin are compared. The following localities are considered: Cañadón Lahuincó and Estancia Fossati (Chubut); Charahuilla, Arroyo Picún Leufú, and Portada Covunco (Neuquén). Palynostratigraphic and statistic studies show tendencies in diversity at species level and in suprageneric groups. Topographically elevated hinterlands with prevailing conifer vegetation (Araucariaceae and/or Podocarpaceae) can be inferred for the Jurassic. A very high representation of the thermophilous Cheirolepidiacean Classopollis pollen indicates warm, arid to semiarid climatic conditions in Chubut. A high representation of trilete spores suggests local humid conditions (deltaic swamps) in the studied Middle Jurassic areas of the Neuquén Basin, within a general semiarid climatic context. Low specific palynologic diversity in the lowermost part of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation (early Middle Jurassic) could be explained by the high frequency and intensity of the volcanic activity. In order to understand the regional paleoclimatic context, it is necessary to look northwards and southwards of the studied area. During the Late Jurassic, extremely arid conditions are indicated for nearly the whole extension of the Chaco-Paraná Basin and the Paraná Basin, which are the scenario of the largest paleodesert known so far from the geologic record worldwide ("Botucatú-paleodesert"). Along the Pacific coast, the paleoclimatic picture of an extremely arid region, at the same paleolatitudes mentioned, was completed by extensive Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) deposits of evaporites (anhydrite, gypsum), extending from Zapala (Neuquén Province) to the San Juan Province and continuing to southern Perú. Southwards of the studied area, in the Santa Cruz Province, previous records of arborescent ferns and coal deposits in the Middle to Late Jurassic La Matilde Formation suggest, at least locally, moist conditions.Sesiones libresFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y Muse
Abstract The limestones of the Calabozo Formation of early Callovian age, crop out in the Neuquén... more Abstract The limestones of the Calabozo Formation of early Callovian age, crop out in the Neuquén Basin, southwestern Mendoza Province, Argentina. Facies/microfacies analysis at Arroyo El Plomo, west of Malargüe, shows that the limestones of the Calabozo Formation ...
ABSTRACT Six facies associations are described for the Puesto Almada Member at the Cerro Bandera ... more ABSTRACT Six facies associations are described for the Puesto Almada Member at the Cerro Bandera locality (Fossati sub-basin). They correspond to lacustrine, palustrine, and pedogenic deposits (limestones); and subordinated alluvial fan, fluvial, aeolian, and pyroclastic deposits. The lacustrine–palustrine depositional setting consisted of carbonate alkaline shallow lakes surrounded by flooded areas in a low-lying topography. The facies associations constitute four shallowing upward successions defined by local exposure surfaces: 1) a Lacustrine–Palustrine-pedogenic facies association with a ‘conchostracan’–ostracod association; 2) a Palustrine facies association representing a wetland subenvironment, and yielding ‘conchostracans’, body remains of insects, fish scales, ichnofossils, and palynomorphs (cheirolepidiacean species and ferns growing around water bodies, and other gymnosperms in more elevated areas); 3) an Alluvial fan facies association indicating the source of sediment supply; and 4) a Lacustrine facies association representing a second wetland episode, and yielding ‘conchostracans’, insect ichnofossils, and a palynoflora mainly consisting of planktonic green algae associated with hygrophile elements. The invertebrate fossil assemblage found contains the first record of fossil insect bodies (Insecta-Hemiptera and Coleoptera) for the Cañadón Asfalto Formation. The succession reflects a mainly climatic control over sedimentation. The sedimentary features of the Puesto Almada Member are in accordance with an arid climatic scenario across the Upper Jurassic, and they reflect a strong seasonality with periods of higher humidity represented by wetlands and lacustrine sediments.
This file represent a complementary PCA anlysis between chemical data from fossil and mineral spe... more This file represent a complementary PCA anlysis between chemical data from fossil and mineral species. There are a paragraph about study description, one figure and three tables of analysis
Spinicaudatans (‘clam shrimps’) are small branchiopod crustaceans enclosed in a chitinous bivalve... more Spinicaudatans (‘clam shrimps’) are small branchiopod crustaceans enclosed in a chitinous bivalved carapace that is often the only preserved element in the fossil record. However, few studies have analyzed the preservation of these carapaces, which have been found in continental facies from the Devonian to the present. The aim of this study was to contribute to a better understanding of the chemical preservation of fossil spinicaudatan carapaces, and focused on spinicaudatan carapaces of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation from the Jurassic of Argentina. Semi-quantitative energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS) analysis provided elemental composition data that were interpreted using principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed a complex chemical mode of preservation for spinicaudatan carapaces. In some parts, EDS spectra of the specimens exhibits peaks of calcium, phosphorous, aluminum and fluorine, representing the retention of original carapace material with some diagenetic recrystallization. Certain zones of the carapace show low intensity peaks of the elements mentioned above, while silicon and oxygen peaks (from the rock matrix) become the dominant spectral signals. These modes of preservation modify the interpretations and observations of the ornamentation of the carapace, which are used as taxonomic features. Our results suggest that specific diagenetic processes play a fundamental role in the preservation of spinicaudatans
This file correspond to tables from PCA analysis of main manuscript. There are three tables with ... more This file correspond to tables from PCA analysis of main manuscript. There are three tables with captions
Re-examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the type material of the species des... more Re-examination under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the type material of the species described by Tasch and Volkheimer (1970) and Vallati (1986) was applied, as well as, new materials collected from different localities of the Las Chacritas Member from Cañadón Asfalto Formation (Argentina). Morphological description and new SEM images of the ornamentation pattern revealed features on carapaces that had not been recognized previously. These species are now referred to the family Eosestheriidae as Carapacestheria taschi (Vallati, 1986) and to the family Fushunograptidae as Wolfestheria patagoniensis (Tasch, in Tasch and Volkheimer, 1970). These records increase our knowledge about the Jurassic faunas from Argentina.
Stratigraphy, facies analysis and paleoenvironments of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Jurassic Ce... more Stratigraphy, facies analysis and paleoenvironments of the Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Jurassic Cerro Cóndor depocenter, Chubut province. The Cerro Cóndor depocenter represents the most complete stratigraphic sequence of the continental Jurassic of the Cañadón Asfalto basin and southern South America. It is situated in extraandean Patagonia, on both sides of the middle Chubut river valley. The sedimentation in this pull-apart basin begins early in the Middle Jurassic, accompanied by effusions of olivinic basalts. The prevailing lacustrine deposits are characterized by carbonatic and siliciclastic facies associations, interfingering with volcanic deposits grading from lavic in the base to predominantly pyroclastic towards the top. The facies evolution from north to south is described, embracing the sections of farm El Torito and the canyons of Los Loros, Las Chacritas, Carrizal, Asfalto and Lahuincó. The carbonatic facies/microfacies are represented by mudstones, wackestones, packston...
Las investigaciones interdisciplinarias que han comenzado recientemente en el Macrosistema Iberá ... more Las investigaciones interdisciplinarias que han comenzado recientemente en el Macrosistema Iberá buscan, entre otros aspectos, ampliar el conocimiento sobre la arqueología regional. En este artículo se dan a conocer los resultados de los análisis realizados sobre la colección de restos óseos humanos, faunísticos, líticos y cerámicos recuperados en el sitio Isla El Disparito. Sumado a esto se presentan los resultados sedimentológicos, paleobotánicos y mineralógicos del sitio, así como los fechados radiocarbónicos hasta ahora obtenidos. En los trabajos realizados se recuperaron fragmentos cerámicos alisados sin decoración, corrugados y decorados (por incisión y/o impresión), los que corresponderían a variados recipientes de contornos simples o complejos. A esto se suma un variado utillaje confeccionado tanto sobre hueso como sobre material lítico. Este último está elaborado principalmente sobre areniscas, conformado por puntas de proyectil con pedúnculo y aletas rectas o cóncavas; rae...
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