The seasonal climate change affects the migration of the population and the herds of livestock in... more The seasonal climate change affects the migration of the population and the herds of livestock in Somaliland. The mobility and transhumance of pastoralism communities penetrate ample grass and water during the dry season. Climate change brought the vulnerability of the pastoralist communities with the loss of livestock and mobility from one location to another. The scarcity of water, grazing areas, food, and agricultural production increases competition between transhumant pastoralists and local communities in their habitat.
The process of democratization is crucial for Somaliland's progress and development.
It allows c... more The process of democratization is crucial for Somaliland's progress and development. It allows citizens to exercise their right to vote in local, national, and parliamentary elections, as well as for the president and other officials. Somaliland has held several elections between 2003 and 2022, with active participation from the public to choose their representatives. The journey towards political stability, good governance, and building democratic institutions has been supported by various stakeholders such as civil society, the National Electoral Commission (NEC), international parties, and the government. However, there have been challenges such as delayed election timelines, extensions of government mandates, political unrest, budgetary constraints, and technological difficulties that have hindered Somaliland's electoral democratization process. To ensure that the election is held on schedule, the leadership must be committed to the process and be willing to make concessions. The clan democracy and hybrid method of election continued during the election, including the campaign, and clan affiliation also hampered the value of the election and the democratization process in Somaliland. Additionally, the neutrality of the National Electoral Commission and the absence of government intervention are key factors in accepting the election result and ensuring the continued democratization process in Somaliland
Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a n... more Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a number of developing countries (Van Dijk, 2006). The urbanization of the Hargeisa city steadily increased since the rebuilding after collapsed of the Siyad-Bare regime in 1991. The trend of the construction and urbanization of the Hargeisa has been increased due to the reconstruction of the country with ordinary people and government. The solid waste collection continues challenges facing the Hargeisa city with inadequate administration and involvement for the better management. The local government of Hargeisa has made an agreement with private companies for the collection of solid waste issues within the district of Hargeisa. This article focus on the research paper with in entitled the challenges of solid waste collection in Hargeisa city and the objective of the study identifying the role of local governance structure and citizen participation in the solid waste management of the Hargeisa city. Furthermore to assess the challenges facing solid waste management in Hargeisa city. The study was used qualitative research design while the primary data of the study was collected from various institutions includes the waste management companies, local government, community, and government institutions in Hargeisa residents which directly or indirectly involved the solid waste issues.
Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a n... more Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a number of developing countries (Van Dijk, 2006). The urbanization of the Hargeisa city steadily increased since the rebuilding after collapsed of the Siyad-Bare regime in 1991. The trend of the construction and urbanization of the Hargeisa has been increased due to the reconstruction of the country with ordinary people and government. The solid waste collection continues challenges facing the Hargeisa city with inadequate administration and involvement for the better management. The local government of Hargeisa has made an agreement with private companies for the collection of solid waste issues within the district of Hargeisa. This article focus on the research paper with in entitled the challenges of solid waste collection in Hargeisa city and the objective of the study identifying the role of local governance structure and citizen participation in the solid waste management of the Hargeisa city. Furthermore to assess the challenges facing solid waste management in Hargeisa city. The study was used qualitative research design while the primary data of the study was collected from various institutions includes the waste management companies, local government, community, and government institutions in Hargeisa residents which directly or indirectly involved the solid waste issues.
The Youth violence is major problem that effect mostly the nations in the world, unless it manage... more The Youth violence is major problem that effect mostly the nations in the world, unless it manage and strategically thinking and put place for effective programs which promote and increase the disciplines of youth in term of culture and other socialization aspects included the education programs and entrainments. Somaliland community have astonished culture which respect human right and promote safety and harmony of peace. However, after the civil war broken out among the community of Somaliland, the culture of Somaliland people were destroyed and decline as well. In recently years, there are several gangs' group formations which are shared common value and beliefs also inhabited with different villages at Hargeisa city. The majority of the youth violence are studying the schools both primary and secondary schools and they are well organized groups. The averagely the ages of youth involved the gangs are between 12 to 21 and they well organized and collectively working together and attacks the ordinary people at street of Hargeisa during night and sometimes in day. The Youth deliberately use force to take phones, money, laptop, and other valuable items which people carrying and they make robbing and stealing, meanwhile they were sold and use drug consumption. Furthermore, sometimes the youth are attack supermarket and mini-shopping and they destroy the property of the ordinary citizen. On the other hand, Youth violence they are attack and killing each other as group organized and damaged themselves. Those youth violence attacks are increases the negative consequences with in society and damage the security also causes a loss of life and raise conflicts among the communities. The violence youth deliberately killed the ordinary people through which they attack a knifes, stones and other harmful means to damages the victim and as result of this lead loss of lives, permanent disability, torture, injury, physical injures and hostility among the society. Some youth violence are captured by the police and detained in custody, however their family trying to avoid the court judgement and use other mechanism to seek solution. This result increases the possibility youth to continuity the violence and practice as it normally business. The major factors which contribute the causes of the youth violence and formation gangs group in Hargeisa city are more , albeit the lack of government clear policy to manage and lead effective programs which promote Youth skill are limited. The weak primary education and missing ethics course is also party of the problem. Chewing khat is most problem that increases the youth violence particularly those who become drug adducted and every day need to consume it. The lack of unemployment and entrainment program might be the escalate the number of gangs formation and violence incident in Hargeisa city. If youth have sports centre,
The seasonal climate change affects the migration of the population and the herds of livestock in... more The seasonal climate change affects the migration of the population and the herds of livestock in Somaliland. The mobility and transhumance of pastoralism communities penetrate ample grass and water during the dry season. Climate change brought the vulnerability of the pastoralist communities with the loss of livestock and mobility from one location to another. The scarcity of water, grazing areas, food, and agricultural production increases competition between transhumant pastoralists and local communities in their habitat.
The process of democratization is crucial for Somaliland's progress and development.
It allows c... more The process of democratization is crucial for Somaliland's progress and development. It allows citizens to exercise their right to vote in local, national, and parliamentary elections, as well as for the president and other officials. Somaliland has held several elections between 2003 and 2022, with active participation from the public to choose their representatives. The journey towards political stability, good governance, and building democratic institutions has been supported by various stakeholders such as civil society, the National Electoral Commission (NEC), international parties, and the government. However, there have been challenges such as delayed election timelines, extensions of government mandates, political unrest, budgetary constraints, and technological difficulties that have hindered Somaliland's electoral democratization process. To ensure that the election is held on schedule, the leadership must be committed to the process and be willing to make concessions. The clan democracy and hybrid method of election continued during the election, including the campaign, and clan affiliation also hampered the value of the election and the democratization process in Somaliland. Additionally, the neutrality of the National Electoral Commission and the absence of government intervention are key factors in accepting the election result and ensuring the continued democratization process in Somaliland
Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a n... more Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a number of developing countries (Van Dijk, 2006). The urbanization of the Hargeisa city steadily increased since the rebuilding after collapsed of the Siyad-Bare regime in 1991. The trend of the construction and urbanization of the Hargeisa has been increased due to the reconstruction of the country with ordinary people and government. The solid waste collection continues challenges facing the Hargeisa city with inadequate administration and involvement for the better management. The local government of Hargeisa has made an agreement with private companies for the collection of solid waste issues within the district of Hargeisa. This article focus on the research paper with in entitled the challenges of solid waste collection in Hargeisa city and the objective of the study identifying the role of local governance structure and citizen participation in the solid waste management of the Hargeisa city. Furthermore to assess the challenges facing solid waste management in Hargeisa city. The study was used qualitative research design while the primary data of the study was collected from various institutions includes the waste management companies, local government, community, and government institutions in Hargeisa residents which directly or indirectly involved the solid waste issues.
Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a n... more Solid waste management is one of the functions that have been devolved to local government in a number of developing countries (Van Dijk, 2006). The urbanization of the Hargeisa city steadily increased since the rebuilding after collapsed of the Siyad-Bare regime in 1991. The trend of the construction and urbanization of the Hargeisa has been increased due to the reconstruction of the country with ordinary people and government. The solid waste collection continues challenges facing the Hargeisa city with inadequate administration and involvement for the better management. The local government of Hargeisa has made an agreement with private companies for the collection of solid waste issues within the district of Hargeisa. This article focus on the research paper with in entitled the challenges of solid waste collection in Hargeisa city and the objective of the study identifying the role of local governance structure and citizen participation in the solid waste management of the Hargeisa city. Furthermore to assess the challenges facing solid waste management in Hargeisa city. The study was used qualitative research design while the primary data of the study was collected from various institutions includes the waste management companies, local government, community, and government institutions in Hargeisa residents which directly or indirectly involved the solid waste issues.
The Youth violence is major problem that effect mostly the nations in the world, unless it manage... more The Youth violence is major problem that effect mostly the nations in the world, unless it manage and strategically thinking and put place for effective programs which promote and increase the disciplines of youth in term of culture and other socialization aspects included the education programs and entrainments. Somaliland community have astonished culture which respect human right and promote safety and harmony of peace. However, after the civil war broken out among the community of Somaliland, the culture of Somaliland people were destroyed and decline as well. In recently years, there are several gangs' group formations which are shared common value and beliefs also inhabited with different villages at Hargeisa city. The majority of the youth violence are studying the schools both primary and secondary schools and they are well organized groups. The averagely the ages of youth involved the gangs are between 12 to 21 and they well organized and collectively working together and attacks the ordinary people at street of Hargeisa during night and sometimes in day. The Youth deliberately use force to take phones, money, laptop, and other valuable items which people carrying and they make robbing and stealing, meanwhile they were sold and use drug consumption. Furthermore, sometimes the youth are attack supermarket and mini-shopping and they destroy the property of the ordinary citizen. On the other hand, Youth violence they are attack and killing each other as group organized and damaged themselves. Those youth violence attacks are increases the negative consequences with in society and damage the security also causes a loss of life and raise conflicts among the communities. The violence youth deliberately killed the ordinary people through which they attack a knifes, stones and other harmful means to damages the victim and as result of this lead loss of lives, permanent disability, torture, injury, physical injures and hostility among the society. Some youth violence are captured by the police and detained in custody, however their family trying to avoid the court judgement and use other mechanism to seek solution. This result increases the possibility youth to continuity the violence and practice as it normally business. The major factors which contribute the causes of the youth violence and formation gangs group in Hargeisa city are more , albeit the lack of government clear policy to manage and lead effective programs which promote Youth skill are limited. The weak primary education and missing ethics course is also party of the problem. Chewing khat is most problem that increases the youth violence particularly those who become drug adducted and every day need to consume it. The lack of unemployment and entrainment program might be the escalate the number of gangs formation and violence incident in Hargeisa city. If youth have sports centre,
Uploads
Papers by Nuuradin M Abi
Somaliland. The mobility and transhumance of pastoralism communities penetrate ample grass and
water during the dry season. Climate change brought the vulnerability of the pastoralist communities
with the loss of livestock and mobility from one location to another. The scarcity of water, grazing
areas, food, and agricultural production increases competition between transhumant pastoralists and
local communities in their habitat.
It allows citizens to exercise their right to vote in local, national, and parliamentary
elections, as well as for the president and other officials. Somaliland has held several
elections between 2003 and 2022, with active participation from the public to choose
their representatives. The journey towards political stability, good governance, and
building democratic institutions has been supported by various stakeholders such as
civil society, the National Electoral Commission (NEC), international parties, and the
government. However, there have been challenges such as delayed election timelines,
extensions of government mandates, political unrest, budgetary constraints, and
technological difficulties that have hindered Somaliland's electoral democratization
process.
To ensure that the election is held on schedule, the leadership must be committed to
the process and be willing to make concessions. The clan democracy and hybrid
method of election continued during the election, including the campaign, and clan
affiliation also hampered the value of the election and the democratization process in
Somaliland. Additionally, the neutrality of the National Electoral Commission and the
absence of government intervention are key factors in accepting the election result
and ensuring the continued democratization process in Somaliland
Somaliland. The mobility and transhumance of pastoralism communities penetrate ample grass and
water during the dry season. Climate change brought the vulnerability of the pastoralist communities
with the loss of livestock and mobility from one location to another. The scarcity of water, grazing
areas, food, and agricultural production increases competition between transhumant pastoralists and
local communities in their habitat.
It allows citizens to exercise their right to vote in local, national, and parliamentary
elections, as well as for the president and other officials. Somaliland has held several
elections between 2003 and 2022, with active participation from the public to choose
their representatives. The journey towards political stability, good governance, and
building democratic institutions has been supported by various stakeholders such as
civil society, the National Electoral Commission (NEC), international parties, and the
government. However, there have been challenges such as delayed election timelines,
extensions of government mandates, political unrest, budgetary constraints, and
technological difficulties that have hindered Somaliland's electoral democratization
process.
To ensure that the election is held on schedule, the leadership must be committed to
the process and be willing to make concessions. The clan democracy and hybrid
method of election continued during the election, including the campaign, and clan
affiliation also hampered the value of the election and the democratization process in
Somaliland. Additionally, the neutrality of the National Electoral Commission and the
absence of government intervention are key factors in accepting the election result
and ensuring the continued democratization process in Somaliland