As developing countries look for ways to achieve sustainable energy services, which is essential ... more As developing countries look for ways to achieve sustainable energy services, which is essential to lift people out of poverty, the big challenge centers around providing access for all while avoiding past pitfalls without creating new ones. The reality is that this can only occur if there is a fundamental transformation of energy systems along the entire set of resource to energy service chains - and that will necessitate greater energy efficiency and a bigger role for renewables in the global energy mix energy. Competitive and private sector dominated energy markets rely on clear and consistent government energy-environment policies to align their investment decisions with sustainable development objectives. This paper tries to shed light on how developing countries can carry out energy planning by reviewing the available methodologies and tools, including their potential to integrate rural energy access and encourage the uptake of renewable energy technologies. It also probes how...
In this technical report, a deliverable of WP3, we present quantitative analysis conducted by KTH... more In this technical report, a deliverable of WP3, we present quantitative analysis conducted by KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Addis Ababa Institute of Technology to investigate plausible electrification pathways for Ethiopia. This report focusses on the quantitative modelling of narrative scenarios and demand projections which were developed by University College London in WP1 and 2 through a series of stakeholder workshops that took place in Addis Ababa in 2018 and 2019. We adopt two different modelling approaches, which are described in detail in Section 3 together with the general assumptions common across the scenarios. We use the Open-Source Energy System Modelling framework (OSeMOSYS) to investigate long-term scenarios focusing on the supply side mix for the power sector. The Open Source Spatial Electrification Tool (OnSSET) provides insights into the spatial evolution of on-grid and off-grid technologies, focused on meeting latent demand for residential electricity. The...
Uganda is endowed with abundant renewable energy potential from sources such as biomass, water, w... more Uganda is endowed with abundant renewable energy potential from sources such as biomass, water, wind and the sun. However, this potential has not been fully utilized resulting in a situation where 15 percent of the population has access to electricity, while the majority (over 90%) depend on unsustainably used biomass and use rudimentary technologies to meet their energy needs. It is clear, that the provision of sustainable energy solutions in Uganda is crucial for alleviating poverty, strengthening the country’s economy and protecting the environment. Indeed, the Government of Uganda is committed to securing a stable energy supply for long-term social and economic development of the country. This is emphasised in the Constitution of Uganda (1995) and the Energy Policy (2002), whose goal is “To meet the energy needs of Uganda’s population for social and economic development in an environmentally sustainable manner.” Therefore, the purpose of this report is to highlight to all Ugandans, that a renewable energy future is not only possible, but perhaps the most appropriate path to take towards the transformation of Uganda’s energy sector. The report also shows that the transition to 100% renewable is cost effective, affordable and sustainable. It is also important to note that, though this transition towards renewable energy may come with some challenges, it is my hope that this report offers inspiration to government, businesses, and other stakeholders to look towards overcoming these challenges and move boldly towards a renewable energy future.This is the first WWF energy report produce for a subsaharan African (SSA) country. The report has three parts
Scenario discovery SAMBA data files: 1) The folder SAMBA_324_datafiles.zip contains all 324 data ... more Scenario discovery SAMBA data files: 1) The folder SAMBA_324_datafiles.zip contains all 324 data files for the OSeMOSYS run.<br> Each of these files has a code on top referring to the combination that it represents.<br> The key to the levers is in the Excel file "Metafile". There the naming convention of technologies as well as corresponding combination for scenario are also available.<br> 2) The Access database Scenario_discovery_database.mbd contans results from the 324 runs.<br> The key to the scenarios are in the Excel file "Metafile" tab "Scenario_key".<br> 3) The file OSeMOSYS_SAMBA_161130.txt is the version OSeMOSYS that was used to run all scenarios.<br> 4) The PRIM analysis is available on the GitHub repository: https://github.com/NMoksnes/Scenario_discovery
This repository consists of the following datasets 1. EAPP_reference scenario_datafile.DD- This d... more This repository consists of the following datasets 1. EAPP_reference scenario_datafile.DD- This dataset is a model file that needs to be used with the code available in this GitHub link. This data file (in concurrence with the OSeMOSYS code) can be used to create a linear programming file (LP file) to be solved using any mathematical optimisation solver like GLPSOL/C-PLEX/GUROBI/CBC. 2. Main article_EAPP_data for figures.xlsx- This excel file contains the base data used to illustrate the figures in the main article. 3. Supplementary article_EAPP_data for figures.xlsx- This excel file contains the base data used to illustrate the figures in the supplementary article.
Energy Demand Reduction (EDR) refers to lowering the amount of energy required to provide energy ... more Energy Demand Reduction (EDR) refers to lowering the amount of energy required to provide energy services across mobility, shelter, nutrition or the production of goods and services, among others, with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, global studies have attempted to understand the contribution EDR could make to climate mitigation efforts. Whilst these studies are important to build a global picture, climate targets and policy are necessarily devised at the national level. To address this disconnect, we develop a bottom-up, whole system framework that comprehensively estimates the potential for energy demand reduction at a country level. Replicable for other countries, our framework is applied to the case of the UK where we find that reductions in energy demand of 52% by 2050 compared with 2020 levels are possible without compromising on citizens’ quality of life. This translates to annual energy demands of 40GJ per person, compared to the current OECD...
The heating of homes is a major contributor to the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions accounting for 1... more The heating of homes is a major contributor to the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions accounting for 13% of total emissions. 1 This is comparable to the carbon emissions of all petrol and diesel cars in the UK. 2 Meeting the UK government’s net zero emissions goal for 2050 will only be possible by complete decarbonisation of the building stock (both existing and new). While emissions from heating have fallen by 11% since 1990 1, much of which was driven by efficiency programmes and regulation in the period 2002-2012 3, continuing decarbonisation at this pace would get us to zero emissions from buildings in 235 years and fall far short of meeting the 2050 target. Home heating energy consumption is also at risk of increasing further. Home working has developed substantially during the COVID-19 lockdown and is widely expected to remain at higher levels than pre-crisis 4 meaning that people may require houses which are on average warmer during the heating seasons. Data shows that domestic he...
As developing countries look for ways to achieve sustainable energy services, which is essential ... more As developing countries look for ways to achieve sustainable energy services, which is essential to lift people out of poverty, the big challenge centers around providing access for all while avoiding past pitfalls without creating new ones. The reality is that this can only occur if there is a fundamental transformation of energy systems along the entire set of resource to energy service chains - and that will necessitate greater energy efficiency and a bigger role for renewables in the global energy mix energy. Competitive and private sector dominated energy markets rely on clear and consistent government energy-environment policies to align their investment decisions with sustainable development objectives. This paper tries to shed light on how developing countries can carry out energy planning by reviewing the available methodologies and tools, including their potential to integrate rural energy access and encourage the uptake of renewable energy technologies. It also probes how...
In this technical report, a deliverable of WP3, we present quantitative analysis conducted by KTH... more In this technical report, a deliverable of WP3, we present quantitative analysis conducted by KTH Royal Institute of Technology and Addis Ababa Institute of Technology to investigate plausible electrification pathways for Ethiopia. This report focusses on the quantitative modelling of narrative scenarios and demand projections which were developed by University College London in WP1 and 2 through a series of stakeholder workshops that took place in Addis Ababa in 2018 and 2019. We adopt two different modelling approaches, which are described in detail in Section 3 together with the general assumptions common across the scenarios. We use the Open-Source Energy System Modelling framework (OSeMOSYS) to investigate long-term scenarios focusing on the supply side mix for the power sector. The Open Source Spatial Electrification Tool (OnSSET) provides insights into the spatial evolution of on-grid and off-grid technologies, focused on meeting latent demand for residential electricity. The...
Uganda is endowed with abundant renewable energy potential from sources such as biomass, water, w... more Uganda is endowed with abundant renewable energy potential from sources such as biomass, water, wind and the sun. However, this potential has not been fully utilized resulting in a situation where 15 percent of the population has access to electricity, while the majority (over 90%) depend on unsustainably used biomass and use rudimentary technologies to meet their energy needs. It is clear, that the provision of sustainable energy solutions in Uganda is crucial for alleviating poverty, strengthening the country’s economy and protecting the environment. Indeed, the Government of Uganda is committed to securing a stable energy supply for long-term social and economic development of the country. This is emphasised in the Constitution of Uganda (1995) and the Energy Policy (2002), whose goal is “To meet the energy needs of Uganda’s population for social and economic development in an environmentally sustainable manner.” Therefore, the purpose of this report is to highlight to all Ugandans, that a renewable energy future is not only possible, but perhaps the most appropriate path to take towards the transformation of Uganda’s energy sector. The report also shows that the transition to 100% renewable is cost effective, affordable and sustainable. It is also important to note that, though this transition towards renewable energy may come with some challenges, it is my hope that this report offers inspiration to government, businesses, and other stakeholders to look towards overcoming these challenges and move boldly towards a renewable energy future.This is the first WWF energy report produce for a subsaharan African (SSA) country. The report has three parts
Scenario discovery SAMBA data files: 1) The folder SAMBA_324_datafiles.zip contains all 324 data ... more Scenario discovery SAMBA data files: 1) The folder SAMBA_324_datafiles.zip contains all 324 data files for the OSeMOSYS run.<br> Each of these files has a code on top referring to the combination that it represents.<br> The key to the levers is in the Excel file "Metafile". There the naming convention of technologies as well as corresponding combination for scenario are also available.<br> 2) The Access database Scenario_discovery_database.mbd contans results from the 324 runs.<br> The key to the scenarios are in the Excel file "Metafile" tab "Scenario_key".<br> 3) The file OSeMOSYS_SAMBA_161130.txt is the version OSeMOSYS that was used to run all scenarios.<br> 4) The PRIM analysis is available on the GitHub repository: https://github.com/NMoksnes/Scenario_discovery
This repository consists of the following datasets 1. EAPP_reference scenario_datafile.DD- This d... more This repository consists of the following datasets 1. EAPP_reference scenario_datafile.DD- This dataset is a model file that needs to be used with the code available in this GitHub link. This data file (in concurrence with the OSeMOSYS code) can be used to create a linear programming file (LP file) to be solved using any mathematical optimisation solver like GLPSOL/C-PLEX/GUROBI/CBC. 2. Main article_EAPP_data for figures.xlsx- This excel file contains the base data used to illustrate the figures in the main article. 3. Supplementary article_EAPP_data for figures.xlsx- This excel file contains the base data used to illustrate the figures in the supplementary article.
Energy Demand Reduction (EDR) refers to lowering the amount of energy required to provide energy ... more Energy Demand Reduction (EDR) refers to lowering the amount of energy required to provide energy services across mobility, shelter, nutrition or the production of goods and services, among others, with the goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. In recent years, global studies have attempted to understand the contribution EDR could make to climate mitigation efforts. Whilst these studies are important to build a global picture, climate targets and policy are necessarily devised at the national level. To address this disconnect, we develop a bottom-up, whole system framework that comprehensively estimates the potential for energy demand reduction at a country level. Replicable for other countries, our framework is applied to the case of the UK where we find that reductions in energy demand of 52% by 2050 compared with 2020 levels are possible without compromising on citizens’ quality of life. This translates to annual energy demands of 40GJ per person, compared to the current OECD...
The heating of homes is a major contributor to the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions accounting for 1... more The heating of homes is a major contributor to the UK’s greenhouse gas emissions accounting for 13% of total emissions. 1 This is comparable to the carbon emissions of all petrol and diesel cars in the UK. 2 Meeting the UK government’s net zero emissions goal for 2050 will only be possible by complete decarbonisation of the building stock (both existing and new). While emissions from heating have fallen by 11% since 1990 1, much of which was driven by efficiency programmes and regulation in the period 2002-2012 3, continuing decarbonisation at this pace would get us to zero emissions from buildings in 235 years and fall far short of meeting the 2050 target. Home heating energy consumption is also at risk of increasing further. Home working has developed substantially during the COVID-19 lockdown and is widely expected to remain at higher levels than pre-crisis 4 meaning that people may require houses which are on average warmer during the heating seasons. Data shows that domestic he...
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