World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015
Al Khaldiyah is a regional road situated in west-south of Al Khobar (KSA), precisely in the area ... more Al Khaldiyah is a regional road situated in west-south of Al Khobar (KSA), precisely in the area of Half Moon Bay. It is characterized by four lines – which become six lines in some places – in both directions extending over about 10 km length. The road extends between the bridge near the Air Force Base and Half Moon Bay Road. Many accidents have been observed in this road notably over the last two years. Many injuries and deaths were recorded; some of the victims were PMU students. Consequently, management of the road to eliminate or reduce accidents to a large extend becomes imperative. The main goals of this paper are to propose sustainable solutions for the purpose optimizing safety and improving the sight view of the road by designing some appropriate junctions including bridge and tunnel in the critical locations. The solution retained for the purpose of this project consisted on the prevision of three different junctions in this case: tunnel, tunnel/roundabout and bridge.
Freshmen Survey is conducted on students who took early Introduction to Engineering course to ass... more Freshmen Survey is conducted on students who took early Introduction to Engineering course to assess their motivation to join engineering programs. Motivational behavior questions that are used in the survey cover job expectation, social desire, professional and personal perception, as well as scientific capabilities. The survey results were compared with the performance in the course in terms of grades the students earned to investigate whether there is high correlation between motivation and performance. Furthermore, the students evaluation that is normally conducted at the end of the course session was examined and contrasted against the survey results as well as against their grades to investigate the motivational pattern and consistency. The outcomes of this study can be used as an input for engineering educators to motivate high school students or students currently being enrolled in a preparation year to join engineering programs. Also, findings obtained in this study can be used by instructors who teach introductory course levels to engineering students to develop teaching strategy that could increase student's motivation and confidence in math and science. Although the scope was focused on the College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University (PMU), the study outcomes can be extrapolated to other universities within Saudi Arabia and developing countries.
Multi objectives model to optimise the economical value of agriculture water use in Gaza Strip. O... more Multi objectives model to optimise the economical value of agriculture water use in Gaza Strip. O. Ouda (1), A. Bárdossy (1) (1) Institut fuer Wasserbau, Universitaet Stuttgart Fax: +49-(0)711-685-4746/ e-mail: omar.ouda@iws.uni-stuttgart.de Key words: Multi objectives model, agriculture water use, and Gaza Strip. ============================================================================ Abstract The Gaza Strip faces a serious water shortage problem, with a present water shortage of about
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced widespread development over the last four decad... more The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced widespread development over the last four decades. This has resulted in tremendous increase in electricity demand. This research reviews the status of the KSA’s electricity consumption and forecasts electricity demand up to the year 2040 in the context of three scenarios. The study shows that KSA government mission to provide safe, reliable and sustainable electricity supply faces several challenges that may require creative and bold strategies to overcome.
International Journal of Water Resources Development, Dec 9, 2015
Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers treated wastewater a major water source and aims t... more Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers treated wastewater a major water source and aims to achieve 100% use of treated wastewater by 2025. This article reviews Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization status to date. It also highlights the key challenges facing the authorities, such as the substantial growth in demand for wastewater services; low coverage of the existing wastewater collection, treatment, and treated wastewater use systems; and the capital investment needed for infrastructure development. Finally, the article highlights the initiatives taken thus far to tackle these challenges and recommends further initiatives towards successful achievement of Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization objective.
International Journal of Water Resources Development, Jan 30, 2014
ABSTRACT Saudi Arabia's groundwater resources have been heavily over-exploited to achieve... more ABSTRACT Saudi Arabia's groundwater resources have been heavily over-exploited to achieve food self-sufficiency. The country enacted a new agricultural policy that discourages the cultivation of wheat and encourages that of vegetables and fruits. This has produced significant reductions in irrigation water demand as well as food self-sufficiency. This paper reviews the performance of the Saudi agricultural sector and presents four scenarios forecasting the new policy's long-term impacts on the use of water for agriculture. The findings show that the new policy does not support sustainable utilization of groundwater resources. Additional policy modifications are needed to optimize the combination of import and domestic production of agricultural products based on a sustainable water utilization strategy.
The Gaza Strip faces a serious water shortage problem, with a present water shortage of about 61 ... more The Gaza Strip faces a serious water shortage problem, with a present water shortage of about 61 Mm 3 /year. The problem is projected to become even larger in the future due to a high population growth of about 3.2%. The water deficit is presently covered by abstraction of the groundwater beyond the sustainable yield where, groundwater is the only natural source of water in the Gaza strip, and importing water from Israel. The reuse of treated wastewater is one of the non-conventional water resources, which can cover part of water shortage problem. The projected wastewater production is about 43 Mm 3 /year for the year 2010 and it is expected to increase rapidly up to 98 Mm 3 /year by the year 2025. Irrigated agriculture consumed about 60% (90 Mm 3 /year) of water in Gaza strip, from which 50% used for trees irrigation, which could be irrigated by treated wastewater based on WHO recommendation. Presently, there is not any reuse schemes in the Gaza District, only few illegal farmers practice. A Multi objectives optimisation model (MOM) based on linear programming techniques aimed to optimise the treated wastewater use under the consideration of biophysical and socio-economical conditions in Gaza strip was implemented for wet, dry and average combined rainfall years. The available agriculture area, available groundwater, crop pattern change, Available treated wastewater and Local agriculture products demand were considered as constrains. Irrigation water demand for each crop and Average product prices were considered as input. The cultivated area, treated wastewater demand, and water using efficiency were calculated for each crop in each zone. Three single objective models were implemented for the three meteorological conditions. The first to maximise the treated water reuse, second to minimise the treated water reuse and the third to maximise the treated water using efficiency US$/ m 3 . These models have been used to support the selection of initial
The demand for electricity in KSA has been increasing at a high rate as a result of continued gro... more The demand for electricity in KSA has been increasing at a high rate as a result of continued growth in both population and industrial development. This paper investigates the impact of implementing some demand management measures at the residential households using available smart grid technologies. A smart energy monitoring system was designed and used to test load management measures. The results show that implementing load management measures will have a positive impact on reducing electricity consumption.
With the rapid growth of information and communication technology (ICT), an increasing number of ... more With the rapid growth of information and communication technology (ICT), an increasing number of electronic gadgets like computers, cell phones, entertainment electronics gadgets, and others are being sold to consumers, and when these gadgets stop functioning or become obsolete or unwanted by a user, they get converted to e-waste, also known as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). This e-waste is either disposed of in landfills or recycled by burning and dissolution in strong acids. But all of these processes can cause hazards to the environment and human health. So, new approaches to manage e-waste effectively have been proposed and implemented to deal with the environment and human health hazards, which include reusing electronic components (EC) which are still functional within waste electronic gadgets via secondary markets. The parts of waste electronic gadgets that cannot be reused are recycled to recover the materials from them. In this paper, the security concerns arising due to reusing and recycling process through reverse engineering of waste electronic gadgets that can lead to piracy and cloning have been explored and possible existing solutions have been reviewed against the security concerns. On the other hand, since reusable ECs are entering the semiconductor industry supply chain through a secondary market, the supply chain security concerns that can arise due to mixing of a brand-new EC with old reusable ones are considered and possible existing solutions have been stated to address the problem. Also, the possibility of leakage of information from waste storage devices like hard drives has been considered and technique to prevent that has been inspected.
World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015
Al Khaldiyah is a regional road situated in west-south of Al Khobar (KSA), precisely in the area ... more Al Khaldiyah is a regional road situated in west-south of Al Khobar (KSA), precisely in the area of Half Moon Bay. It is characterized by four lines – which become six lines in some places – in both directions extending over about 10 km length. The road extends between the bridge near the Air Force Base and Half Moon Bay Road. Many accidents have been observed in this road notably over the last two years. Many injuries and deaths were recorded; some of the victims were PMU students. Consequently, management of the road to eliminate or reduce accidents to a large extend becomes imperative. The main goals of this paper are to propose sustainable solutions for the purpose optimizing safety and improving the sight view of the road by designing some appropriate junctions including bridge and tunnel in the critical locations. The solution retained for the purpose of this project consisted on the prevision of three different junctions in this case: tunnel, tunnel/roundabout and bridge.
Freshmen Survey is conducted on students who took early Introduction to Engineering course to ass... more Freshmen Survey is conducted on students who took early Introduction to Engineering course to assess their motivation to join engineering programs. Motivational behavior questions that are used in the survey cover job expectation, social desire, professional and personal perception, as well as scientific capabilities. The survey results were compared with the performance in the course in terms of grades the students earned to investigate whether there is high correlation between motivation and performance. Furthermore, the students evaluation that is normally conducted at the end of the course session was examined and contrasted against the survey results as well as against their grades to investigate the motivational pattern and consistency. The outcomes of this study can be used as an input for engineering educators to motivate high school students or students currently being enrolled in a preparation year to join engineering programs. Also, findings obtained in this study can be used by instructors who teach introductory course levels to engineering students to develop teaching strategy that could increase student's motivation and confidence in math and science. Although the scope was focused on the College of Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University (PMU), the study outcomes can be extrapolated to other universities within Saudi Arabia and developing countries.
Multi objectives model to optimise the economical value of agriculture water use in Gaza Strip. O... more Multi objectives model to optimise the economical value of agriculture water use in Gaza Strip. O. Ouda (1), A. Bárdossy (1) (1) Institut fuer Wasserbau, Universitaet Stuttgart Fax: +49-(0)711-685-4746/ e-mail: omar.ouda@iws.uni-stuttgart.de Key words: Multi objectives model, agriculture water use, and Gaza Strip. ============================================================================ Abstract The Gaza Strip faces a serious water shortage problem, with a present water shortage of about
The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced widespread development over the last four decad... more The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has experienced widespread development over the last four decades. This has resulted in tremendous increase in electricity demand. This research reviews the status of the KSA’s electricity consumption and forecasts electricity demand up to the year 2040 in the context of three scenarios. The study shows that KSA government mission to provide safe, reliable and sustainable electricity supply faces several challenges that may require creative and bold strategies to overcome.
International Journal of Water Resources Development, Dec 9, 2015
Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers treated wastewater a major water source and aims t... more Abstract The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia considers treated wastewater a major water source and aims to achieve 100% use of treated wastewater by 2025. This article reviews Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization status to date. It also highlights the key challenges facing the authorities, such as the substantial growth in demand for wastewater services; low coverage of the existing wastewater collection, treatment, and treated wastewater use systems; and the capital investment needed for infrastructure development. Finally, the article highlights the initiatives taken thus far to tackle these challenges and recommends further initiatives towards successful achievement of Saudi Arabia’s treated wastewater utilization objective.
International Journal of Water Resources Development, Jan 30, 2014
ABSTRACT Saudi Arabia's groundwater resources have been heavily over-exploited to achieve... more ABSTRACT Saudi Arabia's groundwater resources have been heavily over-exploited to achieve food self-sufficiency. The country enacted a new agricultural policy that discourages the cultivation of wheat and encourages that of vegetables and fruits. This has produced significant reductions in irrigation water demand as well as food self-sufficiency. This paper reviews the performance of the Saudi agricultural sector and presents four scenarios forecasting the new policy's long-term impacts on the use of water for agriculture. The findings show that the new policy does not support sustainable utilization of groundwater resources. Additional policy modifications are needed to optimize the combination of import and domestic production of agricultural products based on a sustainable water utilization strategy.
The Gaza Strip faces a serious water shortage problem, with a present water shortage of about 61 ... more The Gaza Strip faces a serious water shortage problem, with a present water shortage of about 61 Mm 3 /year. The problem is projected to become even larger in the future due to a high population growth of about 3.2%. The water deficit is presently covered by abstraction of the groundwater beyond the sustainable yield where, groundwater is the only natural source of water in the Gaza strip, and importing water from Israel. The reuse of treated wastewater is one of the non-conventional water resources, which can cover part of water shortage problem. The projected wastewater production is about 43 Mm 3 /year for the year 2010 and it is expected to increase rapidly up to 98 Mm 3 /year by the year 2025. Irrigated agriculture consumed about 60% (90 Mm 3 /year) of water in Gaza strip, from which 50% used for trees irrigation, which could be irrigated by treated wastewater based on WHO recommendation. Presently, there is not any reuse schemes in the Gaza District, only few illegal farmers practice. A Multi objectives optimisation model (MOM) based on linear programming techniques aimed to optimise the treated wastewater use under the consideration of biophysical and socio-economical conditions in Gaza strip was implemented for wet, dry and average combined rainfall years. The available agriculture area, available groundwater, crop pattern change, Available treated wastewater and Local agriculture products demand were considered as constrains. Irrigation water demand for each crop and Average product prices were considered as input. The cultivated area, treated wastewater demand, and water using efficiency were calculated for each crop in each zone. Three single objective models were implemented for the three meteorological conditions. The first to maximise the treated water reuse, second to minimise the treated water reuse and the third to maximise the treated water using efficiency US$/ m 3 . These models have been used to support the selection of initial
The demand for electricity in KSA has been increasing at a high rate as a result of continued gro... more The demand for electricity in KSA has been increasing at a high rate as a result of continued growth in both population and industrial development. This paper investigates the impact of implementing some demand management measures at the residential households using available smart grid technologies. A smart energy monitoring system was designed and used to test load management measures. The results show that implementing load management measures will have a positive impact on reducing electricity consumption.
With the rapid growth of information and communication technology (ICT), an increasing number of ... more With the rapid growth of information and communication technology (ICT), an increasing number of electronic gadgets like computers, cell phones, entertainment electronics gadgets, and others are being sold to consumers, and when these gadgets stop functioning or become obsolete or unwanted by a user, they get converted to e-waste, also known as waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). This e-waste is either disposed of in landfills or recycled by burning and dissolution in strong acids. But all of these processes can cause hazards to the environment and human health. So, new approaches to manage e-waste effectively have been proposed and implemented to deal with the environment and human health hazards, which include reusing electronic components (EC) which are still functional within waste electronic gadgets via secondary markets. The parts of waste electronic gadgets that cannot be reused are recycled to recover the materials from them. In this paper, the security concerns arising due to reusing and recycling process through reverse engineering of waste electronic gadgets that can lead to piracy and cloning have been explored and possible existing solutions have been reviewed against the security concerns. On the other hand, since reusable ECs are entering the semiconductor industry supply chain through a secondary market, the supply chain security concerns that can arise due to mixing of a brand-new EC with old reusable ones are considered and possible existing solutions have been stated to address the problem. Also, the possibility of leakage of information from waste storage devices like hard drives has been considered and technique to prevent that has been inspected.
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