An acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of L-rhamnose (14.0 %), L-arabinose (17.7 % ) , D-xylose ... more An acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of L-rhamnose (14.0 %), L-arabinose (17.7 % ) , D-xylose (3.0 %), D-mannose (2.6 %), D-glucose (5.4 %), D-galactose (38.4 % ) , and uronic acids (18.9 %) has been isolated from the aerial part of the medicinal plant Rudbeckia fulgida, var. sullivantii. Compositional and methylation analyses of the native and carboxyl-reduced polymers, 1 3 C NMR spectroscopy measurements as well as the products of partial acid hydrolysis pointed to a branched structure of the polymer with a backbone formed by 3and 3,6-linked galactose units carrying mainly arabinofuranose (5and 3-linked) and ramified rhamnogalacturonan side chains. The glucuronic acid and xylose as well as some arabinose and galactose residues occupied terminal positions in the polymer.
International journal of biological macromolecules, 2014
A dark brown polymeric complex was isolated from flowering parts of medicinal plant Arnica montan... more A dark brown polymeric complex was isolated from flowering parts of medicinal plant Arnica montana L. by hot alkaline extraction followed by neutralization and multi-step extractions with organic solvents. It was recovered in 5.7% yield, on GPC showed two peaks of molecular mass of 9 and 3.5kDa. The compositional analyses of Arnica complex revealed the presence of carbohydrates (26%), uronic acids (12%), phenolics (1.25mM or 213mg of GAE/1g), and low protein content (∼1%). The carbohydrate moiety was rich mainly in rhamnogalacturonan and arabinogalactan. The antitussive tests showed the reduction of the cough efforts by Arnica complex, however, its total antitussive effect was lower compared with that of codeine, the strongest antitussive agent. The bronchodilatory activity of Arnica complex was similar to salbutamol, a classic antiasthmatic drug, and was confirmed by significantly decreased values of specific airways resistance in vivo and by considerably attenuated the amplitude o...
The effect of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) compared with chemically modified oligo... more The effect of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) compared with chemically modified oligosaccharides, GGMOs-g (with reduced number of D-galactose side chains) and GGMOs-r (with reduced reducing ends) on mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) adventitious roots formation, elongation, and anatomical structure have been studied. All types of oligosaccharides influenced adventitious root formation in the same way: stimulation in the absence of exogenous auxin and inhibition in the presence of exogenous auxin. Both reactions are probably related with the presence/content of endogenous auxin in plant cuttings. However, the adventitious root length was inhibited by GGMOs both in the absence as well as in the presence of auxin (IBA or NAA), while GGMOs-g inhibition was significantly weaker compared with GGMOs. GGMOs-r were without significant difference on both processes, compared with GGMOs. GGMOs affected not only the adventitious root length but also their anatomy in dependence o...
The presented studies were aimed on experimental confirmation of Althaea officinalis polysacchari... more The presented studies were aimed on experimental confirmation of Althaea officinalis polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan antitussive effect and its changes in conditions of allergic inflammation. We have tested whether rhamnogalacturonan inhibits cough reflex and modulates airways reactivity of guinea pigs in vivo. The cough in guinea pigs was induced by 0.3 M citric acid (CA) aerosol for 3 min interval, in which total number of cough efforts (sudden enhancement of expiratory flow accompanied by cough movement and sound) was counted. Specific airway resistance and its changes induced by citric acid aerosol were considered as an indicator of the in vivo reactivity changes. 1) Althaea officinalis polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan dose- dependently inhibits cough reflex in unsensitized guinea pigs. Simultaneously, plant polysaccharide shortened the duration of antitussive effect when it was been tested in inflammatory conditions. 2) Rhamnogalacturonan did not influence airways reactivity...
The complex extract and the polysaccharide isolated from the roots of marsh mallow were tested fo... more The complex extract and the polysaccharide isolated from the roots of marsh mallow were tested for antitussive activity in unanaesthetized cats of both sexes. Cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucous area of the respiratory system with a Nylon fibre (diameter 0.35 mm). Cough was evaluated on the basis of the changes in lateral tracheal pressure. The polysaccharide and the complex extract were administered p.o. in a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The efficiency of the mentioned compounds was compared with the cough-suppressing effect of drugs belonging to the non-narcotic antitussics. The results of the experiments showed that administration of the polysaccharide led to a statistically significant decrease of the number of cough efforts both from laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial areas of the the respiratory system. The polysaccharide in a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. was as effective in inhibition of the cough reflex a...
White and highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide composed of d-glucose residues has been iso... more White and highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide composed of d-glucose residues has been isolated from culture medium of Leuconostoc garlicum PR by acetone precipitation followed by dialysis and freeze-drying. The crude biopolymer was recovered in the yield of 50g/L of rich culture medium and showed an apparent molecular mass over 2×107. Chemical and spectroscopic studies revealed almost linear character of the
Carboxymethylation of wheat starch and α-cyclodextrin followed by ultrasonic treatment of carboxy... more Carboxymethylation of wheat starch and α-cyclodextrin followed by ultrasonic treatment of carboxymethyl wheat starch afforded starch derivatives differing in molecular size. Their degree of substitution was estimated to be 0.6. Starch materials were further sulfated to give hybrid derivatives with carboxymethyl and sulfate groups. A series of wheat starch and α-cyclodextrin derivatives were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.
Rhamnogalacturonan, one of the constituents of the mucilage isolated from the roots of marsh mall... more Rhamnogalacturonan, one of the constituents of the mucilage isolated from the roots of marsh mallow, has been rested for antitussive activity on nonaesthetized cats of both sexes. The cough reflex was induced mechanically. It was found that rhamnogalacturonan reduced significantly the number of cough efforts and the intensity of attacks from the irritated laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucose membranes of the
... of alternating sequences of 2-and 4-linked rhamnogalacturonan-type units with linear segments... more ... of alternating sequences of 2-and 4-linked rhamnogalacturonan-type units with linear segments @P = 2, 4, 12), segments bearing on 0-3 of PGalA monomeric wGlcA randomly distributed along the chain @P = 7, 10, 19, 31), and segments having each D GalA substituted @P ...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2014
Hemicellulose polysaccharides represent a large group of natural renewable polymers, however, the... more Hemicellulose polysaccharides represent a large group of natural renewable polymers, however, their application potency is still low. In our study a hardwood 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan was isolated by alkali peroxide extraction of Fagus sylvatica sawdust and modified into sulfated water soluble derivative (MGXS). Highly sulfated MGXS was characterized by HPLC, FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, and tested in vivo on chemically induced cough reflex and smooth muscles reactivity. Farmacological tests revealed an interesting antitussive activity of MGXS. Comparative tests with drug commonly used in a clinical practice revealed that antitussive activity of MGXS was lower than that of opioid receptor agonist codeine, the strongest antitussive drug. Furthermore, the specific reactivity of airways smooth muscle was not significantly affected by MGXS, indicating thus that the polymer is not involved in the bronchodilation process.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2010
A crude polysaccharide composed of uronic acids (32%), arabinose (26%), glucose (15%), galactose ... more A crude polysaccharide composed of uronic acids (32%), arabinose (26%), glucose (15%), galactose (11%), rhamnose (7%), mannose (5%), xylose (4%) and small amount of fucose residues has been isolated from the leaves of Opilia celtidifolia by boiled water extraction. Chemical analyses of Opilia polysaccharide revealed the prevalence of a pectin material with high arabinose and galacturonic acid contents. Opilia polysaccharide showed significant biological effects on chemically induced cough reflex and reactivity of airways smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo conditions in guinea pigs test system. Tests confirmed the dose-dependent cough-suppressive effect of Opilia polysaccharide comparable with activity of centrally acting codeine. Further, the bronchodilatory tests resulted in significant decrease in the values of specific airway resistance, which is very sensitive predictor of airway smooth muscle reactivity in vivo conditions regardless of bronchoconstricting mechanism. The results of in vitro experiments confirmed not only the bronchodilatory effect Opilia polysaccharide but revealed that its bronchodilatory mechanism is partially accompanied with enhanced NO production.
An acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of L-rhamnose (14.0 %), L-arabinose (17.7 % ) , D-xylose ... more An acidic heteropolysaccharide composed of L-rhamnose (14.0 %), L-arabinose (17.7 % ) , D-xylose (3.0 %), D-mannose (2.6 %), D-glucose (5.4 %), D-galactose (38.4 % ) , and uronic acids (18.9 %) has been isolated from the aerial part of the medicinal plant Rudbeckia fulgida, var. sullivantii. Compositional and methylation analyses of the native and carboxyl-reduced polymers, 1 3 C NMR spectroscopy measurements as well as the products of partial acid hydrolysis pointed to a branched structure of the polymer with a backbone formed by 3and 3,6-linked galactose units carrying mainly arabinofuranose (5and 3-linked) and ramified rhamnogalacturonan side chains. The glucuronic acid and xylose as well as some arabinose and galactose residues occupied terminal positions in the polymer.
International journal of biological macromolecules, 2014
A dark brown polymeric complex was isolated from flowering parts of medicinal plant Arnica montan... more A dark brown polymeric complex was isolated from flowering parts of medicinal plant Arnica montana L. by hot alkaline extraction followed by neutralization and multi-step extractions with organic solvents. It was recovered in 5.7% yield, on GPC showed two peaks of molecular mass of 9 and 3.5kDa. The compositional analyses of Arnica complex revealed the presence of carbohydrates (26%), uronic acids (12%), phenolics (1.25mM or 213mg of GAE/1g), and low protein content (∼1%). The carbohydrate moiety was rich mainly in rhamnogalacturonan and arabinogalactan. The antitussive tests showed the reduction of the cough efforts by Arnica complex, however, its total antitussive effect was lower compared with that of codeine, the strongest antitussive agent. The bronchodilatory activity of Arnica complex was similar to salbutamol, a classic antiasthmatic drug, and was confirmed by significantly decreased values of specific airways resistance in vivo and by considerably attenuated the amplitude o...
The effect of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) compared with chemically modified oligo... more The effect of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) compared with chemically modified oligosaccharides, GGMOs-g (with reduced number of D-galactose side chains) and GGMOs-r (with reduced reducing ends) on mung bean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) adventitious roots formation, elongation, and anatomical structure have been studied. All types of oligosaccharides influenced adventitious root formation in the same way: stimulation in the absence of exogenous auxin and inhibition in the presence of exogenous auxin. Both reactions are probably related with the presence/content of endogenous auxin in plant cuttings. However, the adventitious root length was inhibited by GGMOs both in the absence as well as in the presence of auxin (IBA or NAA), while GGMOs-g inhibition was significantly weaker compared with GGMOs. GGMOs-r were without significant difference on both processes, compared with GGMOs. GGMOs affected not only the adventitious root length but also their anatomy in dependence o...
The presented studies were aimed on experimental confirmation of Althaea officinalis polysacchari... more The presented studies were aimed on experimental confirmation of Althaea officinalis polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan antitussive effect and its changes in conditions of allergic inflammation. We have tested whether rhamnogalacturonan inhibits cough reflex and modulates airways reactivity of guinea pigs in vivo. The cough in guinea pigs was induced by 0.3 M citric acid (CA) aerosol for 3 min interval, in which total number of cough efforts (sudden enhancement of expiratory flow accompanied by cough movement and sound) was counted. Specific airway resistance and its changes induced by citric acid aerosol were considered as an indicator of the in vivo reactivity changes. 1) Althaea officinalis polysaccharide rhamnogalacturonan dose- dependently inhibits cough reflex in unsensitized guinea pigs. Simultaneously, plant polysaccharide shortened the duration of antitussive effect when it was been tested in inflammatory conditions. 2) Rhamnogalacturonan did not influence airways reactivity...
The complex extract and the polysaccharide isolated from the roots of marsh mallow were tested fo... more The complex extract and the polysaccharide isolated from the roots of marsh mallow were tested for antitussive activity in unanaesthetized cats of both sexes. Cough was elicited by mechanical stimulation of laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucous area of the respiratory system with a Nylon fibre (diameter 0.35 mm). Cough was evaluated on the basis of the changes in lateral tracheal pressure. The polysaccharide and the complex extract were administered p.o. in a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg b.w., respectively. The efficiency of the mentioned compounds was compared with the cough-suppressing effect of drugs belonging to the non-narcotic antitussics. The results of the experiments showed that administration of the polysaccharide led to a statistically significant decrease of the number of cough efforts both from laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial areas of the the respiratory system. The polysaccharide in a dose of 50 mg/kg b.w. was as effective in inhibition of the cough reflex a...
White and highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide composed of d-glucose residues has been iso... more White and highly viscous extracellular polysaccharide composed of d-glucose residues has been isolated from culture medium of Leuconostoc garlicum PR by acetone precipitation followed by dialysis and freeze-drying. The crude biopolymer was recovered in the yield of 50g/L of rich culture medium and showed an apparent molecular mass over 2×107. Chemical and spectroscopic studies revealed almost linear character of the
Carboxymethylation of wheat starch and α-cyclodextrin followed by ultrasonic treatment of carboxy... more Carboxymethylation of wheat starch and α-cyclodextrin followed by ultrasonic treatment of carboxymethyl wheat starch afforded starch derivatives differing in molecular size. Their degree of substitution was estimated to be 0.6. Starch materials were further sulfated to give hybrid derivatives with carboxymethyl and sulfate groups. A series of wheat starch and α-cyclodextrin derivatives were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis.
Rhamnogalacturonan, one of the constituents of the mucilage isolated from the roots of marsh mall... more Rhamnogalacturonan, one of the constituents of the mucilage isolated from the roots of marsh mallow, has been rested for antitussive activity on nonaesthetized cats of both sexes. The cough reflex was induced mechanically. It was found that rhamnogalacturonan reduced significantly the number of cough efforts and the intensity of attacks from the irritated laryngopharyngeal and tracheobronchial mucose membranes of the
... of alternating sequences of 2-and 4-linked rhamnogalacturonan-type units with linear segments... more ... of alternating sequences of 2-and 4-linked rhamnogalacturonan-type units with linear segments @P = 2, 4, 12), segments bearing on 0-3 of PGalA monomeric wGlcA randomly distributed along the chain @P = 7, 10, 19, 31), and segments having each D GalA substituted @P ...
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2014
Hemicellulose polysaccharides represent a large group of natural renewable polymers, however, the... more Hemicellulose polysaccharides represent a large group of natural renewable polymers, however, their application potency is still low. In our study a hardwood 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan was isolated by alkali peroxide extraction of Fagus sylvatica sawdust and modified into sulfated water soluble derivative (MGXS). Highly sulfated MGXS was characterized by HPLC, FTIR and NMR spectroscopies, and tested in vivo on chemically induced cough reflex and smooth muscles reactivity. Farmacological tests revealed an interesting antitussive activity of MGXS. Comparative tests with drug commonly used in a clinical practice revealed that antitussive activity of MGXS was lower than that of opioid receptor agonist codeine, the strongest antitussive drug. Furthermore, the specific reactivity of airways smooth muscle was not significantly affected by MGXS, indicating thus that the polymer is not involved in the bronchodilation process.
International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 2010
A crude polysaccharide composed of uronic acids (32%), arabinose (26%), glucose (15%), galactose ... more A crude polysaccharide composed of uronic acids (32%), arabinose (26%), glucose (15%), galactose (11%), rhamnose (7%), mannose (5%), xylose (4%) and small amount of fucose residues has been isolated from the leaves of Opilia celtidifolia by boiled water extraction. Chemical analyses of Opilia polysaccharide revealed the prevalence of a pectin material with high arabinose and galacturonic acid contents. Opilia polysaccharide showed significant biological effects on chemically induced cough reflex and reactivity of airways smooth muscle in vitro and in vivo conditions in guinea pigs test system. Tests confirmed the dose-dependent cough-suppressive effect of Opilia polysaccharide comparable with activity of centrally acting codeine. Further, the bronchodilatory tests resulted in significant decrease in the values of specific airway resistance, which is very sensitive predictor of airway smooth muscle reactivity in vivo conditions regardless of bronchoconstricting mechanism. The results of in vitro experiments confirmed not only the bronchodilatory effect Opilia polysaccharide but revealed that its bronchodilatory mechanism is partially accompanied with enhanced NO production.
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