Precious Adejoh Idakwoji currently works as a Lecturer at the Department of Biochemistry, Kogi State University, Anyigba. He is innovative, resourceful & passionate about teaching/research. Precious' research interests include Biochemical Pharmacology, Biopharmaceuticals, Toxicological analysis, Pharmacological screening & Bio-monitoring of Heavy metals. Phone: +2348068150621
In this study, the methanol extract of the leaves of five common medicinal plants-Morinda lucida ... more In this study, the methanol extract of the leaves of five common medicinal plants-Morinda lucida (MEML), Alchornea cordifolia (MEAC), Anthocleista vogelli (MEAV), Cassia sieberena (MECS) and Nauclea latifolia (MENL) were screened for phytochemical composition, total polyphenol/ flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory potentials against key enzymes linked to diabetic complications; α-glucosidase, aldose reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins in the extracts. The total polyphenolic content of the extracts was found to be 178 ± 2.3, 158 ± 2.3, 100 ± 1.2, 70 ± 1.7 and 120 ± 2.8 (μg/g of Gallic acid equivalent) for MEML, MEAC, MEAV, MECS and MENL respectively while the total flavonoid content was found to be 48 ± 0.9, 40 ± 1.2, 33 ± 0.8, 26 ± 0.5 and 38 ± 0.8 (μg/g of Quercetin equivalent) in the same order. All the extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as well as inhibitory action on-glucosidase, aldose reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme activities. However, there were variations in the activities of the extracts. Morinda lucida showed the highest antioxidant activity and it was also the most potent inhibitor of-glucosidase activity, Alchornea cordifolia was the most potent against the activity of aldose reductase while Nauclea latifolia was the most potent inhibitor of ACE activity. It was concluded that these plants individually or as a polyherbal formulation, could be useful in the management of diabetic complications. However, further investigations are recommended.
Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf ex... more Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) and Telfeira occidentalis (TOAE) administered separately and to establish a possible synergistic interaction when administered concurrently to chloramphenicol-induced anaemic rats. Original Research Article Nweje et al.; IBRR, 9(3): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IBRR.48951 2 Materials and Methods: Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Five (5) non-anaemic rats and Twenty (20) anaemic rats were used in this study. The non-anaemic rats served as non-anaemic control and received 1ml dist. H 2 O. The 25 anaemic rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each (groups 2-6). Group 2 served as anaemic control and received 1 ml dist. H 2 O, group 3 served as positive control (reference drug) and received ferrous gluconate (900 mg/kg) while groups 4-6 received FEAE (200 mg/kg), TOAE (200 mg/kg) and FEAE (100 mg/kg) + TOAE (100 mg/kg) respectively. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. Results: Chloramphenicol induced a significant decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis produced significant increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti-anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly more than either of the extract administered alone. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis show synergistic effect when co-administered. This could be useful in the management of anaemia.
This study investigated the type of pharmacological interaction and its potential beneficial effe... more This study investigated the type of pharmacological interaction and its potential beneficial effects on immunological and haematological parameters of diabetic wistar rats when aqueous leaf-extract of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) is co-administered with chlorpropamide or metformin. The study was carried out using alloxan model of diabetes. Forty male rats (5 non-diabetic and 35 diabetic) were divided into 8 groups of 5 animals each and treated as follows: Groups 1 and 2 served as Non-diabetic and diabetic controls respectively and received 1ml distilled water, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with Chlorpropamide (20mg/ kg), Metformin (150 mg/kg) and FEAE (400 mg/kg) respectively. Groups 6, 7 and 8 were administered FEAE (400 mg/kg)/ Chlorpropamide (20mg/ kg), FEAE (400 mg/kg)/metformin (150 mg/kg) and chlorpropamide (20mg/kg)/ metformin (150 mg/kg) respectively. All treatments were carried out orally for 28 days and FBS of the rats was monitored weekly during the period of treatment. At the end of the treatment, rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected for the determination of white blood cell, red blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil and CD4+ cell counts as well as packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration. Results showed that white blood cells, lymphocytes and CD4 + cells were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic control rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with the aqueous-leaf extract of Ficus exasperata, chlorpropamide, metformin and the various co-administerations-extract/chlorpropamide, extract/metformin and chlorpropamide/metformin ameliorated the imbalances in the immunological and hematological parameters caused by alloxan. However, the effect of the extract/chlorpropamide co-administeration was more pronounced when compared to those of other treatments. It was concluded that the extract and chlorpropamide showed synergistic interaction and this could play a key role in the management of immunological and haematological abnormalities associated with diabetes.
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hasta... more This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata (MELH) in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. The animals were given 5ml/kg ethanol then treated with the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg). This treatment was done orally and daily for 5 weeks. Twenty-four (24) hours after the last treatment, the rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia and blood samples were collected for the assay of aspartate amino transferase (AST) of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also assayed in the serum. The levels of other biochemical markers of organ damage such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubin and total protein were determined. The liver was excised for relative organ weight estimation as well as histological examination. The extract at both doses produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in the serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP, serum levels of total cholesterol; triglycerides and total bilirubin as well as significant (P<0.05) increase in serum concentration of total protein and albumin in comparison with the negative control that received only alcohol. The histopathological result showed protection in the extract-treated groups when compared with the group that received alcohol alone. It was concluded that methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata showed promising hepato-protection activity in rats with alcohol-induced liver damage. Thus the plant could be useful in the management of liver diseases.
This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of the ... more This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (ALAE) in Wistar rats and mice. The anti-nociceptive activities of ALAE were studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion models while antipyretic activities were examined using Dinitrophenol and Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in Wistar rats. Oral Median lethal dose (LD 50) of ALAE was also estimated to determine its safety. Twenty-four (24) rats/mice were randomized into 4 groups of 6 animals for each experiment. Groups 1 and 4 (controls) received 5 ml/kg of 0.9% normal saline and150 mg/kg of aspirin and 10 mg/kg of morphine (tail immersion study) respectively; while groups 2 and 3 received 200 and 400 mg/kg of ALAE respectively. ALAE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced/ abolished the induced pain and pyrexia, in a manner comparable to the respective positive controls. The study clearly shown that the aqueous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus possess anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities. The plant extract therefore could be used as an alternative or adjunct therapy in the management of pain and pyrexia.
A common complication of diabetes mellitus is the disturbance in the male reproductive system whi... more A common complication of diabetes mellitus is the disturbance in the male reproductive system which often leads to impotence. In this study, we investigated the effect of co-administration of the aqueous leaf extract of Lophira lanceolata (LLAE) and Cyperus esculentus (CEAE) on the Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), sexual behaviour, sperm count and sperm motility of alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Twenty (25) adult male diabetic wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received 5ml/kg of 0.9% Normal saline, Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received metformin (150mg/kg), LLAE (200mg/kg), CEAE (200mg/kg) and LLAE (200mg/kg)+CEAE (200mg/kg) respectively. Treatment was done orally for 28 days during which FBS was monitored weekly. On the 24th day of the treatment each male rat in each group was put in a cage with two estrous female rats in order to observe mounting and mating frequencies. At the end of the 28-day treatment, the rats were anaesthetized under chloroform and the epididymis was collected for semen analysis. The extracts and the co-administration produced significant (P < 0.05) reduction in FBS and significant (P < 0.05) increases in the mounting/ mating frequency, mean sperm count, sperm motility, epididymal weight and normal spermatozoa compared to the diabetic control group. The effects of the co-administration were observed to be significantly higher than that of metformin or either of the extracts administered alone. It was concluded that co-administration of the extracts of Lophira lanceolata and Cyperus esculentus through possible additive interaction possess pro-fertility effects. Hence, could be useful in the management of diabetes-associated sexual dysfunction in men.
On an average, about 10% of all couples face difficulty in starting a family and this creates a f... more On an average, about 10% of all couples face difficulty in starting a family and this creates a feeling of great personal failure, particularly in regions where religious and socioeconomic traditions have made it almost imperative for everyone to have children. A significant association had been found between infertility and impaired semen quality including sperm count, motility and morphology. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mucronata on the sperm count and motility of wistar rats. Twenty (20) adult male wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received 5ml/kg of 0.9% Normal saline, Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mucronata respectively. Treatment was done orally for 20 days, 24h after the last treatment, the rats were euthanized and the epididymis of rats was resected and the effects of the extract on sperm count, motility and epididymis were evaluated. The extract produced a dose-dependent significant (P < 0.05) increase in the mean sperm count compared to the control group. The mean epididymal weight of the treatment groups were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the extract compared to the control group. The extract also dose-dependently produced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean fast sperm motility with a corresponding significant (P < 0.05) decrease in slow motile sperm cell of the treatment groups compared to the control group. With the observed effects of the extract on sperm count, sperm motility and epididymal weight, it was concluded that the extract of Ziziphus mucronata possess pro-fertility effects. Hence its extract could be useful in the management of infertility in men.
In this study the antidiabetic effect of a polyherbal formulation-ZPC was investigated in Wistar ... more In this study the antidiabetic effect of a polyherbal formulation-ZPC was investigated in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Rats having Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level above 250 mg/dl after 72 hrs were considered diabetic and used for the studies. Five rats served as non-diabetic control (Group 1) while twenty diabetic rats were randomized into 4 groups of 5 rats each. The four groups (Groups 2,3,4 and 5) received 1ml (diabetic control), 250 mg/kg chlorpropamide and ZPC at doses of 250 and 500mg/kg respectively Original Research Article Agatemor et al.; AJRB, 4(3): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJRB.48829 2 for 28 days. During the treatment period, the FBS and bodyweight of rats were monitored weekly and on day 28, the rats were euthanized and blood samples collected for serum lipid profile analysis. Results obtained indicated that following administration of streptozotocin, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the FBS, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL concentration with a corresponding significant (p<0.05) decrease in HDL concentration compared to non-diabetic control. However, following the treatment with the polyherbal formulation, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the FBS level and a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight of rats compared to the diabetic control. The polyherbal formulation also produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL concentration with a corresponding significant (p<0.05) increase in HDL concentration compared to diabetic control. It was concluded that, ZPC might serve as a good alternative or as an adjunct to the oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of diabetes.
Aim: To investigate the laxative potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Sida acuta in loperamide-i... more Aim: To investigate the laxative potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Sida acuta in loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats. Methods: Constipation was induced by oral administration of loperamide (3 mg/kg b.wt.). The Original Research Article Nweje et al.; AJRIMPS, 6(1): 1-7, 2019; Article no.AJRIMPS.47572 2 constipated rats were orally treated daily either with 200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight per day of the extract or 0.21 mg/kg bisacodyl (reference drug) for 7 days while the normal and constipated control groups received distilled water. The feeding characteristics, body weight, faecal properties and gastrointestinal transit ratio were monitored throughout the study period. Results: There was significant decrease (p < 0.05) between normal and constipated rats in the number of faecal pellets and water content of faecal pellets while there was no significant changes in the feed/ water intake and body weight of rats .Administration of the graded doses of the extract to the constipated rats significantly and dose-dependently normalized (p < 0.05) the number of faecal pellets/ water content of faecal pellets and gastrointestinal ratio compared to the constipated control. Conclusion: The aqueous root extract of Sida acuta possesses laxative activity in loperamide-induced constipated rats.
Aim: The haematinic activity of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves was investigated... more Aim: The haematinic activity of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves was investigated using rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia. Methods and Results: Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were analysed as indices of anaemia. Following phenylhydrazine administration to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 8 days, a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the haematological parameters was observed indicating anaemia. However, treatment with graded doses (200, 400 Original Research Article Osafanme et al.; AJRB, 4(1): 1-6, 2019; Article no.AJRB.47571 2 and 800 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the RBC count, Hb concentration and PCV time-and dose-dependently. Conclusion: It was concluded that Lophira lanceolata leaves possess haematinic activity, making it useful in the management of anaemia.
Objective: The anti-diarrhoea activity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of C. aurantifolia... more Objective: The anti-diarrhoea activity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of C. aurantifolia was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity evaluation of the aqueous extract of C. aurantifolia stem bark was carried out using rats according to Lorke's method. Experimental diarrhoea was induced in rats with castor oil, and the effect of the extract on castor oil-induced gastrointestinal motility and enteropooling was consequently investigated. Results: In the acute toxicity study, the extract produced no signs of toxicity or mortality in rats up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. The oral LD 50 of the aqueous stem bark extract of C. aurantifolia was Original Research Article Adejoh et al.; AJRIMPS, 5(3): 1-7, 2018; Article no.AJRIMPS.45419 2 therefore taken to be >5000 mg /kg. The extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the frequency of defecation as well as in the number of unformed faeces produced by castor oil-induced diarrhoea in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also decreased the distance travelled by activated charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract of treated rats when compared to control rats. Results of castor oil-induced enteropooling revealed slight reduction in the weight of intestinal contents of treated rats compared to control rats. Conclusion: This study shows that Citrus aurantifolia stem bark possesses significant anti-antidiarrhoeal potential and could be useful in the treatment of diarrhoea.
Aim: This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida l... more Aim: This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves in rat model of gentamicin induced renal damage. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four (24) Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200g were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each; Group I served as the control and received normal saline, Group II-IV received gentamicin (40 mg/kg, i.p), Groups III and IV also received 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt., p.o methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves respectively for 15 days. Body weight Original Research Article Nweje et al.; AJRB, 3(2): 1-9, 2018; Article no.AJRB.44561 2 measurement, serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes analyses and histopathological examination of kidney were carried out. Results: Gentamicin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in Serum urea, creatinine, decreased sodium and chloride ions, elevated serum level of potassium ion and pathological signs such as congestion, focal areas of inflammation, tubular necrosis, and glomerular atrophy. Administration of the extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/ body wt significantly (p< 0.05) decreased Creatinine and urea levels, significantly (p< 0.05) increased sodium and chloride ion and significantly (p< 0.05) decreased potassium ion level when compared to the gentamicin-alone-treated group. Histopathological analysis also revealed a gradual reversal of the pathological features caused by gentamicin toxicity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the extract possesses nephroprotective potential.
In this study we developed and evaluated four polyherbal formulations (EXR-HF 1, EXR-HF 2, EXR-HF... more In this study we developed and evaluated four polyherbal formulations (EXR-HF 1, EXR-HF 2, EXR-HF 3 and EXR-HF 4) comprising of varying proportions of the aqueous extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus, Alchornea cordifolia, Persea americana and Tamarindus indica leaves on indomethacin, ethanol and histamine ulcer models with the aim of investigating the anti-ulcer potentials of the formulations and also to identify the combination ratio with the highest potency. The result of the study showed that the polyherbal formulations displayed gastroprotective activity as demonstrated by significant (P< 0.05) inhibition of the formation of ulcers induced through the three different ulcer models. Furthermore, it was observed that among the polyherbal formulations, EXR-HF 4 exhibited the highest potency against ulcer. It was concluded that EXR-HF 4 can be used as an alternative to the orthodox anti-ulcer drugs or as an add-on therapy.
To determine the effect of Vitex doniana (leaves stem and root bark) ethanolic extracts on lipid ... more To determine the effect of Vitex doniana (leaves stem and root bark) ethanolic extracts on lipid profiles of Poloxamer 407 (P407) induced hyperlipidemic and normal rats. Fifty sfour mixed sex rats weighing 100-200g were divided into nine groups comprising six animals per group: group given feed and water only, group induced by an intra-peritoneal injection of P407 every 48 hours without treatment, groups induced and treated with atorvastatin, leaves, stem bark, root bark extracts and groups of normal rats treated with leaves, stem bark and root bark extracts without induction. In all the groups, P407, atorvastatin, leaves, stem bark and root bark extracts were administered at a dose of 1000mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 30mg/kg body weight respectively. At the end of the 21 day, the animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for determination of serum levels of: Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerides (TAG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The studies showed that all induced treated groups significantly (P<0.05) lower serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL-c and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL-c when compared to the P407 induced hyperlipidemic control. The normal treated groups showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL and HDL when compared to the normal control group. Calculation of atherogenic risk predictor indices of the induced treated groups showed that all the extracts significantly (P<0.05) lowered the LDL-c/HDL-c, log (TAG/HDL-c) and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL-c/TC ratio when compared to the P407 induced hyperlipidemic control group. The atherogenic risk predictor indices of normal treated groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in LDL-c/HDL-c, Log (TAG/HDL-c) and HDL-c/TC ratio when compared to the normal control group. The study demonstrates the phytotherapeutic effect of Vitex doniana (leaves, stem and root bark) ethanolic extract in poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidemia.
This study determined the biological effect of Carica papaya leaf extracts on Poloxamer-induced h... more This study determined the biological effect of Carica papaya leaf extracts on Poloxamer-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Thirty-five healthy albino rats of the same sex weighing 150-200g were divided into seven groups of 5 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and hyperlipidemic controls respectively. Groups 3 to 7 were treated with methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and n-hexane extracts at a dose of 30mg /kg respectively for a period of 14 days.. At the end of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for determination of serum levels of: Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerides (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL). results showed that the extracts significantly (P<0.05) reduced serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL when compared to the hyperlipidemic control. It was concluded that the extracts (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and n-hexane) of Carica papaya leaves possess anti-hyperlipidemic properties.
Vegetables are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibers, and have beneficial anti-o xidativ... more Vegetables are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibers, and have beneficial anti-o xidative effects. Ingestion of vegetables containing heavy metals is one of the main routes through which these elements enter the human body and when the metals accumulate over t ime, they could cause an array of diseases. In this study we investigated the concentrations of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cad miu m (Cd), Chro miu m (Cr), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) in five vegetables (Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Talinum triangulare, Telfairia occidentalis, and Solanum marcrocarpon) that are frequently consumed by the inhabitants of Lokoja, a City in the North Central Region of Nigeria. The Vegetables were sourced fro m each of five different markets and Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to estimate the levels of the metals in them. The mean concentration for each heavy metal in the samples was calculated and compared with the permissible levels set by the World Health Organization (W HO). A ll the metals were detected in the vegetables (except Chro miu m) and their levels were found to be well below the WHO reco mmended limits for metals in vegetables. The low concentra tion of these metals in all the vegetables is an indication that these plants contribute less toxic effects of metals. This was an important result as human health is directly affected by the consumption of vegetables.
Objective: This study investigated the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum r... more Objective: This study investigated the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum radiatum leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and a possible synergistic effect when it is co-administered with ascorbic acid. Materials and Methods: The protective effect of graded doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the extract, ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) and extract (200 mg/kg)/ Ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) was evaluated against paracetamol (2g/kg)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Following treatment, hepatoprotective effect was investigated through the assay of liver function parameters, namely Alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and Alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP), total and direct bilirubin, serum protein and albumin concentrations, total cholesterol (T. Chol.), triacylglyceride (TAG), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL). The liver tissues of the rats were also subjected to histopathological examinations. Results: Administration of graded doses of the extract, ascorbic acid as well as the extract/ ascorbic acid co-administeration significantly (p< 0.05) reduced the activity of enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total cholesterol, direct and total bilirubin, T. Chol., TAG and LDL and also significantly (p< 0.05) elevated serum levels of HDL, total protein and albumin. Histology of
This study evaluated the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (... more This study evaluated the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) and Jatropha curcas (JCAE) administered separately and to establish a possible pharmacological interaction when co-administered. Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. Chloramphenicol induced a significant (p< 0.05) decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas produced significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti- anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly (p< 0.05) more than either of the extract administered alone. Conclusively, the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas exhibits additive haematinic effect when co-administered. This observation could be useful in the management of anaemia.
In this study, the methanol extract of the leaves of five common medicinal plants-Morinda lucida ... more In this study, the methanol extract of the leaves of five common medicinal plants-Morinda lucida (MEML), Alchornea cordifolia (MEAC), Anthocleista vogelli (MEAV), Cassia sieberena (MECS) and Nauclea latifolia (MENL) were screened for phytochemical composition, total polyphenol/ flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and inhibitory potentials against key enzymes linked to diabetic complications; α-glucosidase, aldose reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and tannins in the extracts. The total polyphenolic content of the extracts was found to be 178 ± 2.3, 158 ± 2.3, 100 ± 1.2, 70 ± 1.7 and 120 ± 2.8 (μg/g of Gallic acid equivalent) for MEML, MEAC, MEAV, MECS and MENL respectively while the total flavonoid content was found to be 48 ± 0.9, 40 ± 1.2, 33 ± 0.8, 26 ± 0.5 and 38 ± 0.8 (μg/g of Quercetin equivalent) in the same order. All the extracts exhibited antioxidant activity as well as inhibitory action on-glucosidase, aldose reductase and angiotensin converting enzyme activities. However, there were variations in the activities of the extracts. Morinda lucida showed the highest antioxidant activity and it was also the most potent inhibitor of-glucosidase activity, Alchornea cordifolia was the most potent against the activity of aldose reductase while Nauclea latifolia was the most potent inhibitor of ACE activity. It was concluded that these plants individually or as a polyherbal formulation, could be useful in the management of diabetic complications. However, further investigations are recommended.
Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf ex... more Objective: This study was undertaken to validate the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) and Telfeira occidentalis (TOAE) administered separately and to establish a possible synergistic interaction when administered concurrently to chloramphenicol-induced anaemic rats. Original Research Article Nweje et al.; IBRR, 9(3): 1-7, 2019; Article no.IBRR.48951 2 Materials and Methods: Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg) for 2 weeks. Five (5) non-anaemic rats and Twenty (20) anaemic rats were used in this study. The non-anaemic rats served as non-anaemic control and received 1ml dist. H 2 O. The 25 anaemic rats were divided into 5 groups of 5 rats each (groups 2-6). Group 2 served as anaemic control and received 1 ml dist. H 2 O, group 3 served as positive control (reference drug) and received ferrous gluconate (900 mg/kg) while groups 4-6 received FEAE (200 mg/kg), TOAE (200 mg/kg) and FEAE (100 mg/kg) + TOAE (100 mg/kg) respectively. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. Results: Chloramphenicol induced a significant decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis produced significant increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti-anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly more than either of the extract administered alone. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Telfeira occidentalis show synergistic effect when co-administered. This could be useful in the management of anaemia.
This study investigated the type of pharmacological interaction and its potential beneficial effe... more This study investigated the type of pharmacological interaction and its potential beneficial effects on immunological and haematological parameters of diabetic wistar rats when aqueous leaf-extract of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) is co-administered with chlorpropamide or metformin. The study was carried out using alloxan model of diabetes. Forty male rats (5 non-diabetic and 35 diabetic) were divided into 8 groups of 5 animals each and treated as follows: Groups 1 and 2 served as Non-diabetic and diabetic controls respectively and received 1ml distilled water, Groups 3, 4 and 5 were treated with Chlorpropamide (20mg/ kg), Metformin (150 mg/kg) and FEAE (400 mg/kg) respectively. Groups 6, 7 and 8 were administered FEAE (400 mg/kg)/ Chlorpropamide (20mg/ kg), FEAE (400 mg/kg)/metformin (150 mg/kg) and chlorpropamide (20mg/kg)/ metformin (150 mg/kg) respectively. All treatments were carried out orally for 28 days and FBS of the rats was monitored weekly during the period of treatment. At the end of the treatment, rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected for the determination of white blood cell, red blood cell, lymphocyte, neutrophil and CD4+ cell counts as well as packed cell volume and haemoglobin concentration. Results showed that white blood cells, lymphocytes and CD4 + cells were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in diabetic rats compared to non-diabetic control rats. Treatment of diabetic rats with the aqueous-leaf extract of Ficus exasperata, chlorpropamide, metformin and the various co-administerations-extract/chlorpropamide, extract/metformin and chlorpropamide/metformin ameliorated the imbalances in the immunological and hematological parameters caused by alloxan. However, the effect of the extract/chlorpropamide co-administeration was more pronounced when compared to those of other treatments. It was concluded that the extract and chlorpropamide showed synergistic interaction and this could play a key role in the management of immunological and haematological abnormalities associated with diabetes.
This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hasta... more This study investigated the hepatoprotective effects of methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata (MELH) in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in rats. The animals were given 5ml/kg ethanol then treated with the extract (250 and 500 mg/kg). This treatment was done orally and daily for 5 weeks. Twenty-four (24) hours after the last treatment, the rats were sacrificed under anaesthesia and blood samples were collected for the assay of aspartate amino transferase (AST) of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was also assayed in the serum. The levels of other biochemical markers of organ damage such as total cholesterol, triglycerides, total bilirubin and total protein were determined. The liver was excised for relative organ weight estimation as well as histological examination. The extract at both doses produced significant (P<0.05) decrease in the serum activities of ALT, AST, ALP, serum levels of total cholesterol; triglycerides and total bilirubin as well as significant (P<0.05) increase in serum concentration of total protein and albumin in comparison with the negative control that received only alcohol. The histopathological result showed protection in the extract-treated groups when compared with the group that received alcohol alone. It was concluded that methanol leaf extract of Leptadenia hastata showed promising hepato-protection activity in rats with alcohol-induced liver damage. Thus the plant could be useful in the management of liver diseases.
This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of the ... more This study was undertaken to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities of the aqueous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus (ALAE) in Wistar rats and mice. The anti-nociceptive activities of ALAE were studied using acetic acid-induced writhing and tail immersion models while antipyretic activities were examined using Dinitrophenol and Brewer's yeast-induced pyrexia in Wistar rats. Oral Median lethal dose (LD 50) of ALAE was also estimated to determine its safety. Twenty-four (24) rats/mice were randomized into 4 groups of 6 animals for each experiment. Groups 1 and 4 (controls) received 5 ml/kg of 0.9% normal saline and150 mg/kg of aspirin and 10 mg/kg of morphine (tail immersion study) respectively; while groups 2 and 3 received 200 and 400 mg/kg of ALAE respectively. ALAE at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (p<0.05) reduced/ abolished the induced pain and pyrexia, in a manner comparable to the respective positive controls. The study clearly shown that the aqueous leaf extract of Anogeissus leiocarpus possess anti-nociceptive and anti-pyretic activities. The plant extract therefore could be used as an alternative or adjunct therapy in the management of pain and pyrexia.
A common complication of diabetes mellitus is the disturbance in the male reproductive system whi... more A common complication of diabetes mellitus is the disturbance in the male reproductive system which often leads to impotence. In this study, we investigated the effect of co-administration of the aqueous leaf extract of Lophira lanceolata (LLAE) and Cyperus esculentus (CEAE) on the Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), sexual behaviour, sperm count and sperm motility of alloxan-induced diabetic wistar rats. Diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg). Twenty (25) adult male diabetic wistar rats were randomized into 5 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received 5ml/kg of 0.9% Normal saline, Groups 2, 3, 4 and 5 received metformin (150mg/kg), LLAE (200mg/kg), CEAE (200mg/kg) and LLAE (200mg/kg)+CEAE (200mg/kg) respectively. Treatment was done orally for 28 days during which FBS was monitored weekly. On the 24th day of the treatment each male rat in each group was put in a cage with two estrous female rats in order to observe mounting and mating frequencies. At the end of the 28-day treatment, the rats were anaesthetized under chloroform and the epididymis was collected for semen analysis. The extracts and the co-administration produced significant (P < 0.05) reduction in FBS and significant (P < 0.05) increases in the mounting/ mating frequency, mean sperm count, sperm motility, epididymal weight and normal spermatozoa compared to the diabetic control group. The effects of the co-administration were observed to be significantly higher than that of metformin or either of the extracts administered alone. It was concluded that co-administration of the extracts of Lophira lanceolata and Cyperus esculentus through possible additive interaction possess pro-fertility effects. Hence, could be useful in the management of diabetes-associated sexual dysfunction in men.
On an average, about 10% of all couples face difficulty in starting a family and this creates a f... more On an average, about 10% of all couples face difficulty in starting a family and this creates a feeling of great personal failure, particularly in regions where religious and socioeconomic traditions have made it almost imperative for everyone to have children. A significant association had been found between infertility and impaired semen quality including sperm count, motility and morphology. In this study, we investigated the effect of the aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mucronata on the sperm count and motility of wistar rats. Twenty (20) adult male wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups of 5 rats each. Group 1 served as control and received 5ml/kg of 0.9% Normal saline, Groups 2, 3 and 4 received 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg of aqueous leaf extract of Ziziphus mucronata respectively. Treatment was done orally for 20 days, 24h after the last treatment, the rats were euthanized and the epididymis of rats was resected and the effects of the extract on sperm count, motility and epididymis were evaluated. The extract produced a dose-dependent significant (P < 0.05) increase in the mean sperm count compared to the control group. The mean epididymal weight of the treatment groups were also significantly (P < 0.05) increased by the extract compared to the control group. The extract also dose-dependently produced a significant (P < 0.05) increase in mean fast sperm motility with a corresponding significant (P < 0.05) decrease in slow motile sperm cell of the treatment groups compared to the control group. With the observed effects of the extract on sperm count, sperm motility and epididymal weight, it was concluded that the extract of Ziziphus mucronata possess pro-fertility effects. Hence its extract could be useful in the management of infertility in men.
In this study the antidiabetic effect of a polyherbal formulation-ZPC was investigated in Wistar ... more In this study the antidiabetic effect of a polyherbal formulation-ZPC was investigated in Wistar rats. Diabetes was induced by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 50 mg/kg. Rats having Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) level above 250 mg/dl after 72 hrs were considered diabetic and used for the studies. Five rats served as non-diabetic control (Group 1) while twenty diabetic rats were randomized into 4 groups of 5 rats each. The four groups (Groups 2,3,4 and 5) received 1ml (diabetic control), 250 mg/kg chlorpropamide and ZPC at doses of 250 and 500mg/kg respectively Original Research Article Agatemor et al.; AJRB, 4(3): 1-9, 2019; Article no.AJRB.48829 2 for 28 days. During the treatment period, the FBS and bodyweight of rats were monitored weekly and on day 28, the rats were euthanized and blood samples collected for serum lipid profile analysis. Results obtained indicated that following administration of streptozotocin, there was a significant (p<0.05) increase in the FBS, total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL concentration with a corresponding significant (p<0.05) decrease in HDL concentration compared to non-diabetic control. However, following the treatment with the polyherbal formulation, there was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the FBS level and a significant (p<0.05) increase in the body weight of rats compared to the diabetic control. The polyherbal formulation also produced a significant (p<0.05) reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL concentration with a corresponding significant (p<0.05) increase in HDL concentration compared to diabetic control. It was concluded that, ZPC might serve as a good alternative or as an adjunct to the oral hypoglycaemic agents in the management of diabetes.
Aim: To investigate the laxative potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Sida acuta in loperamide-i... more Aim: To investigate the laxative potentials of aqueous leaf extract of Sida acuta in loperamide-induced constipation in Wistar rats. Methods: Constipation was induced by oral administration of loperamide (3 mg/kg b.wt.). The Original Research Article Nweje et al.; AJRIMPS, 6(1): 1-7, 2019; Article no.AJRIMPS.47572 2 constipated rats were orally treated daily either with 200, 400, 800 mg/kg body weight per day of the extract or 0.21 mg/kg bisacodyl (reference drug) for 7 days while the normal and constipated control groups received distilled water. The feeding characteristics, body weight, faecal properties and gastrointestinal transit ratio were monitored throughout the study period. Results: There was significant decrease (p < 0.05) between normal and constipated rats in the number of faecal pellets and water content of faecal pellets while there was no significant changes in the feed/ water intake and body weight of rats .Administration of the graded doses of the extract to the constipated rats significantly and dose-dependently normalized (p < 0.05) the number of faecal pellets/ water content of faecal pellets and gastrointestinal ratio compared to the constipated control. Conclusion: The aqueous root extract of Sida acuta possesses laxative activity in loperamide-induced constipated rats.
Aim: The haematinic activity of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves was investigated... more Aim: The haematinic activity of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves was investigated using rat model of phenylhydrazine-induced anaemia. Methods and Results: Red Blood Cell (RBC) count, Haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and Packed Cell Volume (PCV) were analysed as indices of anaemia. Following phenylhydrazine administration to rats at a dose of 10 mg/kg for 8 days, a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the haematological parameters was observed indicating anaemia. However, treatment with graded doses (200, 400 Original Research Article Osafanme et al.; AJRB, 4(1): 1-6, 2019; Article no.AJRB.47571 2 and 800 mg/kg) of the aqueous extract of Lophira lanceolata leaves produced a significant (P<0.05) increase in the RBC count, Hb concentration and PCV time-and dose-dependently. Conclusion: It was concluded that Lophira lanceolata leaves possess haematinic activity, making it useful in the management of anaemia.
Objective: The anti-diarrhoea activity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of C. aurantifolia... more Objective: The anti-diarrhoea activity of the aqueous extract of the stem bark of C. aurantifolia was investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: Acute toxicity evaluation of the aqueous extract of C. aurantifolia stem bark was carried out using rats according to Lorke's method. Experimental diarrhoea was induced in rats with castor oil, and the effect of the extract on castor oil-induced gastrointestinal motility and enteropooling was consequently investigated. Results: In the acute toxicity study, the extract produced no signs of toxicity or mortality in rats up to a dose of 5000 mg/kg. The oral LD 50 of the aqueous stem bark extract of C. aurantifolia was Original Research Article Adejoh et al.; AJRIMPS, 5(3): 1-7, 2018; Article no.AJRIMPS.45419 2 therefore taken to be >5000 mg /kg. The extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the frequency of defecation as well as in the number of unformed faeces produced by castor oil-induced diarrhoea in a dose-dependent manner. The extract also decreased the distance travelled by activated charcoal in the gastrointestinal tract of treated rats when compared to control rats. Results of castor oil-induced enteropooling revealed slight reduction in the weight of intestinal contents of treated rats compared to control rats. Conclusion: This study shows that Citrus aurantifolia stem bark possesses significant anti-antidiarrhoeal potential and could be useful in the treatment of diarrhoea.
Aim: This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida l... more Aim: This study evaluated the nephroprotective effect of methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves in rat model of gentamicin induced renal damage. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four (24) Wistar albino rats of either sex weighing 150-200g were divided into 4 groups of 6 animals each; Group I served as the control and received normal saline, Group II-IV received gentamicin (40 mg/kg, i.p), Groups III and IV also received 200 and 400 mg/kg body wt., p.o methanol extract of Hymenocardia acida leaves respectively for 15 days. Body weight Original Research Article Nweje et al.; AJRB, 3(2): 1-9, 2018; Article no.AJRB.44561 2 measurement, serum urea, creatinine, electrolytes analyses and histopathological examination of kidney were carried out. Results: Gentamicin treatment caused nephrotoxicity as evidenced by marked elevation in Serum urea, creatinine, decreased sodium and chloride ions, elevated serum level of potassium ion and pathological signs such as congestion, focal areas of inflammation, tubular necrosis, and glomerular atrophy. Administration of the extract at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg/ body wt significantly (p< 0.05) decreased Creatinine and urea levels, significantly (p< 0.05) increased sodium and chloride ion and significantly (p< 0.05) decreased potassium ion level when compared to the gentamicin-alone-treated group. Histopathological analysis also revealed a gradual reversal of the pathological features caused by gentamicin toxicity. Conclusion: It was concluded that the extract possesses nephroprotective potential.
In this study we developed and evaluated four polyherbal formulations (EXR-HF 1, EXR-HF 2, EXR-HF... more In this study we developed and evaluated four polyherbal formulations (EXR-HF 1, EXR-HF 2, EXR-HF 3 and EXR-HF 4) comprising of varying proportions of the aqueous extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus, Alchornea cordifolia, Persea americana and Tamarindus indica leaves on indomethacin, ethanol and histamine ulcer models with the aim of investigating the anti-ulcer potentials of the formulations and also to identify the combination ratio with the highest potency. The result of the study showed that the polyherbal formulations displayed gastroprotective activity as demonstrated by significant (P< 0.05) inhibition of the formation of ulcers induced through the three different ulcer models. Furthermore, it was observed that among the polyherbal formulations, EXR-HF 4 exhibited the highest potency against ulcer. It was concluded that EXR-HF 4 can be used as an alternative to the orthodox anti-ulcer drugs or as an add-on therapy.
To determine the effect of Vitex doniana (leaves stem and root bark) ethanolic extracts on lipid ... more To determine the effect of Vitex doniana (leaves stem and root bark) ethanolic extracts on lipid profiles of Poloxamer 407 (P407) induced hyperlipidemic and normal rats. Fifty sfour mixed sex rats weighing 100-200g were divided into nine groups comprising six animals per group: group given feed and water only, group induced by an intra-peritoneal injection of P407 every 48 hours without treatment, groups induced and treated with atorvastatin, leaves, stem bark, root bark extracts and groups of normal rats treated with leaves, stem bark and root bark extracts without induction. In all the groups, P407, atorvastatin, leaves, stem bark and root bark extracts were administered at a dose of 1000mg/kg, 20mg/kg, 100mg/kg, 100mg/kg and 30mg/kg body weight respectively. At the end of the 21 day, the animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for determination of serum levels of: Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerides (TAG), High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The studies showed that all induced treated groups significantly (P<0.05) lower serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL-c and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL-c when compared to the P407 induced hyperlipidemic control. The normal treated groups showed no significant (P>0.05) difference in the serum levels of TC, TAG, LDL and HDL when compared to the normal control group. Calculation of atherogenic risk predictor indices of the induced treated groups showed that all the extracts significantly (P<0.05) lowered the LDL-c/HDL-c, log (TAG/HDL-c) and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL-c/TC ratio when compared to the P407 induced hyperlipidemic control group. The atherogenic risk predictor indices of normal treated groups showed no significant difference (P>0.05) in LDL-c/HDL-c, Log (TAG/HDL-c) and HDL-c/TC ratio when compared to the normal control group. The study demonstrates the phytotherapeutic effect of Vitex doniana (leaves, stem and root bark) ethanolic extract in poloxamer 407 induced hyperlipidemia.
This study determined the biological effect of Carica papaya leaf extracts on Poloxamer-induced h... more This study determined the biological effect of Carica papaya leaf extracts on Poloxamer-induced hyperlipidemia in rats. Thirty-five healthy albino rats of the same sex weighing 150-200g were divided into seven groups of 5 animals each. Groups 1 and 2 served as normal and hyperlipidemic controls respectively. Groups 3 to 7 were treated with methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and n-hexane extracts at a dose of 30mg /kg respectively for a period of 14 days.. At the end of the treatment, the animals were sacrificed and blood sample were collected for determination of serum levels of: Total cholesterol (TC), Triacylglycerides (TG), Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and High-density lipoprotein (HDL). results showed that the extracts significantly (P<0.05) reduced serum levels of TC, TG, LDL and significantly (P<0.05) increased HDL when compared to the hyperlipidemic control. It was concluded that the extracts (methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and n-hexane) of Carica papaya leaves possess anti-hyperlipidemic properties.
Vegetables are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibers, and have beneficial anti-o xidativ... more Vegetables are rich sources of vitamins, minerals, and fibers, and have beneficial anti-o xidative effects. Ingestion of vegetables containing heavy metals is one of the main routes through which these elements enter the human body and when the metals accumulate over t ime, they could cause an array of diseases. In this study we investigated the concentrations of Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Lead (Pb), Cad miu m (Cd), Chro miu m (Cr), Manganese (Mn) and Iron (Fe) in five vegetables (Vernonia amygdalina, Ocimum gratissimum, Talinum triangulare, Telfairia occidentalis, and Solanum marcrocarpon) that are frequently consumed by the inhabitants of Lokoja, a City in the North Central Region of Nigeria. The Vegetables were sourced fro m each of five different markets and Atomic absorption spectrophotometry was used to estimate the levels of the metals in them. The mean concentration for each heavy metal in the samples was calculated and compared with the permissible levels set by the World Health Organization (W HO). A ll the metals were detected in the vegetables (except Chro miu m) and their levels were found to be well below the WHO reco mmended limits for metals in vegetables. The low concentra tion of these metals in all the vegetables is an indication that these plants contribute less toxic effects of metals. This was an important result as human health is directly affected by the consumption of vegetables.
Objective: This study investigated the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum r... more Objective: This study investigated the possible protective effect of aqueous extract of Sesamum radiatum leaves against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity and a possible synergistic effect when it is co-administered with ascorbic acid. Materials and Methods: The protective effect of graded doses (200 and 400 mg/kg) of the extract, ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) and extract (200 mg/kg)/ Ascorbic acid (100 mg/kg) was evaluated against paracetamol (2g/kg)-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Following treatment, hepatoprotective effect was investigated through the assay of liver function parameters, namely Alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), and Alkaline phosphatase activities (ALP), total and direct bilirubin, serum protein and albumin concentrations, total cholesterol (T. Chol.), triacylglyceride (TAG), High density lipoprotein (HDL) and Low density lipoprotein (LDL). The liver tissues of the rats were also subjected to histopathological examinations. Results: Administration of graded doses of the extract, ascorbic acid as well as the extract/ ascorbic acid co-administeration significantly (p< 0.05) reduced the activity of enzymes (ALT, AST and ALP), total cholesterol, direct and total bilirubin, T. Chol., TAG and LDL and also significantly (p< 0.05) elevated serum levels of HDL, total protein and albumin. Histology of
This study evaluated the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (... more This study evaluated the haematinic potentials of the aqueous leaf extracts of Ficus exasperata (FEAE) and Jatropha curcas (JCAE) administered separately and to establish a possible pharmacological interaction when co-administered. Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. Chloramphenicol induced a significant (p< 0.05) decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas produced significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti- anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly (p< 0.05) more than either of the extract administered alone. Conclusively, the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas exhibits additive haematinic effect when co-administered. This observation could be useful in the management of anaemia.
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Papers by Idakwoji Precious Adejoh
(JCAE) administered separately and to establish a possible pharmacological interaction when co-administered. Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. Chloramphenicol induced a significant (p< 0.05) decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas produced significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti- anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly (p< 0.05) more than either of the extract administered alone. Conclusively, the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas exhibits additive haematinic effect when co-administered. This observation could be useful in the management of anaemia.
(JCAE) administered separately and to establish a possible pharmacological interaction when co-administered. Anaemia was induced by oral administration of chloramphenicol (50 mg/kg. Treatment was carried out once daily for 7 days after which the rats were bled for determination of PCV, Hb and WBC count. Chloramphenicol induced a significant (p< 0.05) decrease PVC and Hb indicating anaemia and also resulted to a significant increase in WBC count. Aqueous leaves extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas produced significant (p< 0.05) increase in PCV and Hb with a corresponding decrease in WBC after 7 days of oral administration to anaemic rats. The anti- anaemic effect observed with co-administration of the extracts was however, significantly (p< 0.05) more than either of the extract administered alone. Conclusively, the extracts of Ficus exasperata and Jatropha curcas exhibits additive haematinic effect when co-administered. This observation could be useful in the management of anaemia.