ABSTRACT: This paper examines and offers a critique of the , underlying principles and assumption... more ABSTRACT: This paper examines and offers a critique of the , underlying principles and assumptions, and the nature and consequences of its nosological framework. The reason for this critique is to look at the rationale for some of the diagnostic categories and also why some categories are retained, including some of the long-standing diagnostic groups, such as schizophrenia. It is not the intention here to rehearse the problems of biological psychiatric thinking, nor argue the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM-IV-TR in its definitions and descriptions of particular syndromes and illnesses. The ideas presented here derive from a range of previous research that argued that the DSM-IV-TR colludes in a system of psychiatric care in which all people, by virtue of characteristically human foibles and idiosyncrasies, are potentially classifiable into a variety of diagnostic mental health categories. In the present study, it was argued that because of resource constraints, professional di...
Personal or vicarious experience of aggression or hostility in the workplace can lead to serious ... more Personal or vicarious experience of aggression or hostility in the workplace can lead to serious consequences for the nurse, the patient, patient care and the health care organisation. Aggression (that may result in physical or psychological harm) toward nurses can arise from many sources: patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, nurse to nurse, and doctor/allied health to nurse. A systematic review was undertaken exploring aggression toward nurses and its impact on nursing care. Findings will be presented and include barriers and enablers for aggression in the healthcare setting such as organizational structures, attitudes and subsequent care implications. Literature suggests that exposure to numerous traumatic experiences over a lifetime of nursing, and a lack of control over these experiences, contributed to an increase in anxiety levels for nursing staff in a variety of clinical practice settings. Health care organizations need to provide information on the function of individual c...
As the prevalence of mental illness increases globally, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) sha... more As the prevalence of mental illness increases globally, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) share concerns regarding the recruitment and retention of nurses to the field of mental health care. The level of preparedness of nurses is thought to have a bearing on recruitment and retention in mental health nursing practice. This study sought to uncover what Australian and UK undergraduate students perceived as motivational in choosing a career in, and being prepared for, working in mental health settings. METHOD This study employed mixed methods, using a questionnaire comprising of both quantitative and qualitative questions. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS (V.16.0) and content analysis was undertaken for analysing the qualitative data. FINDINGS Following ethical approval, data was collected from, four universities in Australia and two in the UK. A total of 447 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students, who had completed a mental health placement, completed the questionna...
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2007
This paper will develop a discussion related to evidence-based knowledge for mental health nursin... more This paper will develop a discussion related to evidence-based knowledge for mental health nursing, arguing for a historical component to be included in the comprehensive degree programme that will offer significant insights into mental health nursing knowledge from historical information and constructing implications for contemporary practice. Our understanding of the present is clearer by this looking back and forth and by adding meaning (and what the meanings mean) to what historically preceded. It allows the history of psychiatry to be a much more productive, useful, and a continual source of wisdom for the here and now. This blending of past knowledge with contemporary inquiry can offer depth in mental health nursing practices by forming a context for practice for the beginning nurse practitioner.
British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
Personal experiences of aggression or violence in the workplace lead to serious consequences for ... more Personal experiences of aggression or violence in the workplace lead to serious consequences for nurses, their patients, patient care and the organisation as a whole. While there is a plethora of research on this topic, no review is available that identifies types of aggression encountered, individuals perceived to be most at risk and coping strategies for victims. The aim of this systematic review was to examine occupational anxiety related to actual aggression in the workplace for nurses. Databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched, resulting in 1543 titles and abstracts. After removal of duplicates and non-relevant titles, 137 papers were read in full. Physical aggression was found to be most frequent in mental health, nursing homes and emergency departments while verbal aggression was more commonly experienced by general nurses. Nurses exposed to verbal or physical abuse often experienced a negative psychological impact post incident.
Debate about nursing curricula has been on the forefront of industry and academia in Australia pa... more Debate about nursing curricula has been on the forefront of industry and academia in Australia particularly since the shift from the 'apprenticeship style' of training for nurses to a university-based, comprehensive, bachelor's degree. There is the suggestion that university-based courses are rather inflexible and take for granted that the provision of mental health nursing across what is an essentially general course will ultimately attract the numbers of quality staff members required to fill speciality positions in mental health. Recent literature advocates for a direct entry undergraduate mental health programme in Australia, similar to that in the UK. This is suggested as one of many strategies to address the growing disparity between the demand and the supply for effective mental health treatment and care. The support of preceptor staff in the clinical field in terms of workloads, supervision and professional development are also identified as areas for attention. ...
The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmières, 2000
This paper explores ways in which some aspects of postmodernist thought impact upon nursing theor... more This paper explores ways in which some aspects of postmodernist thought impact upon nursing theory and research. The focus is on postmodernist accounts of epistemology and language, in particular notions such as multiple truths, uncertain and provisional knowledge, and claims as to the purposes of knowledge development. Common themes of postmodernism are articulated, including antifoundationalism, the dissonance between competing discourses, and the rejection of "grand theories." The paper concludes with a short set of suggestions for a postmodern approach to nursing practice.
This paper will examine the paradox of power differentials in multidisciplinary teams. The paper ... more This paper will examine the paradox of power differentials in multidisciplinary teams. The paper begins by offering multidisciplinary teams as an egalitarian enterprise in which all disciplines are included for their particular expertise in relation to patient care. By reviewing ways in which multidisciplinary teams are constructed it will be shown that in nursing discourse these teams are portrayed rhetorically in an idealized rather than realistic way and that there is clearly a power differential between disciplines. The examination highlights the socialized and stereotypical role adopted by the nurse and other disciplines within multidisciplinary teams, so that they fit the social role/rules allotted to them. Investigation of these roles suggest that masculine ideology has prevailed whereby the doctor assumes (without question) the role of team leader. The paper then moves to suggest dissatisfaction with this and that change is underway.
ABSTRACT Objective To consider the changing philosophical and theoretical construction of nursing... more ABSTRACT Objective To consider the changing philosophical and theoretical construction of nursing which has moved from an initial focus on positivism and science, and undergone a paradigmatic shift so that it is now being interpreted by some nursing theorists in alternative ways. Primary Argument A theoretical review of some nursing theorists and a critical consideration of the wider concepts which have been influential in theoretical constructions gradually moving from the received (positivistic) to the perceived view. The perceived view encompasses the emergence and influence of non-positivist philosophies, which shift the theoretical focus away from causation to a more interpretive, unscientific standpoint, with foundations in phenomenology, humanism, holistic care and qualitative research. The paper demonstrates that many of the theories offered are esoteric, complicated and constructed in an academic way that tends to escape the everyday nurse practitioner. Conclusion That mult...
ABSTRACT: This paper examines and offers a critique of the , underlying principles and assumption... more ABSTRACT: This paper examines and offers a critique of the , underlying principles and assumptions, and the nature and consequences of its nosological framework. The reason for this critique is to look at the rationale for some of the diagnostic categories and also why some categories are retained, including some of the long-standing diagnostic groups, such as schizophrenia. It is not the intention here to rehearse the problems of biological psychiatric thinking, nor argue the strengths and weaknesses of the DSM-IV-TR in its definitions and descriptions of particular syndromes and illnesses. The ideas presented here derive from a range of previous research that argued that the DSM-IV-TR colludes in a system of psychiatric care in which all people, by virtue of characteristically human foibles and idiosyncrasies, are potentially classifiable into a variety of diagnostic mental health categories. In the present study, it was argued that because of resource constraints, professional di...
Personal or vicarious experience of aggression or hostility in the workplace can lead to serious ... more Personal or vicarious experience of aggression or hostility in the workplace can lead to serious consequences for the nurse, the patient, patient care and the health care organisation. Aggression (that may result in physical or psychological harm) toward nurses can arise from many sources: patient to nurse, relatives to nurse, nurse to nurse, and doctor/allied health to nurse. A systematic review was undertaken exploring aggression toward nurses and its impact on nursing care. Findings will be presented and include barriers and enablers for aggression in the healthcare setting such as organizational structures, attitudes and subsequent care implications. Literature suggests that exposure to numerous traumatic experiences over a lifetime of nursing, and a lack of control over these experiences, contributed to an increase in anxiety levels for nursing staff in a variety of clinical practice settings. Health care organizations need to provide information on the function of individual c...
As the prevalence of mental illness increases globally, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) sha... more As the prevalence of mental illness increases globally, Australia and the United Kingdom (UK) share concerns regarding the recruitment and retention of nurses to the field of mental health care. The level of preparedness of nurses is thought to have a bearing on recruitment and retention in mental health nursing practice. This study sought to uncover what Australian and UK undergraduate students perceived as motivational in choosing a career in, and being prepared for, working in mental health settings. METHOD This study employed mixed methods, using a questionnaire comprising of both quantitative and qualitative questions. Quantitative data was analysed using SPSS (V.16.0) and content analysis was undertaken for analysing the qualitative data. FINDINGS Following ethical approval, data was collected from, four universities in Australia and two in the UK. A total of 447 undergraduate nursing and midwifery students, who had completed a mental health placement, completed the questionna...
International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 2007
This paper will develop a discussion related to evidence-based knowledge for mental health nursin... more This paper will develop a discussion related to evidence-based knowledge for mental health nursing, arguing for a historical component to be included in the comprehensive degree programme that will offer significant insights into mental health nursing knowledge from historical information and constructing implications for contemporary practice. Our understanding of the present is clearer by this looking back and forth and by adding meaning (and what the meanings mean) to what historically preceded. It allows the history of psychiatry to be a much more productive, useful, and a continual source of wisdom for the here and now. This blending of past knowledge with contemporary inquiry can offer depth in mental health nursing practices by forming a context for practice for the beginning nurse practitioner.
British journal of nursing (Mark Allen Publishing)
Personal experiences of aggression or violence in the workplace lead to serious consequences for ... more Personal experiences of aggression or violence in the workplace lead to serious consequences for nurses, their patients, patient care and the organisation as a whole. While there is a plethora of research on this topic, no review is available that identifies types of aggression encountered, individuals perceived to be most at risk and coping strategies for victims. The aim of this systematic review was to examine occupational anxiety related to actual aggression in the workplace for nurses. Databases (MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO) were searched, resulting in 1543 titles and abstracts. After removal of duplicates and non-relevant titles, 137 papers were read in full. Physical aggression was found to be most frequent in mental health, nursing homes and emergency departments while verbal aggression was more commonly experienced by general nurses. Nurses exposed to verbal or physical abuse often experienced a negative psychological impact post incident.
Debate about nursing curricula has been on the forefront of industry and academia in Australia pa... more Debate about nursing curricula has been on the forefront of industry and academia in Australia particularly since the shift from the 'apprenticeship style' of training for nurses to a university-based, comprehensive, bachelor's degree. There is the suggestion that university-based courses are rather inflexible and take for granted that the provision of mental health nursing across what is an essentially general course will ultimately attract the numbers of quality staff members required to fill speciality positions in mental health. Recent literature advocates for a direct entry undergraduate mental health programme in Australia, similar to that in the UK. This is suggested as one of many strategies to address the growing disparity between the demand and the supply for effective mental health treatment and care. The support of preceptor staff in the clinical field in terms of workloads, supervision and professional development are also identified as areas for attention. ...
The Canadian journal of nursing research = Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmières, 2000
This paper explores ways in which some aspects of postmodernist thought impact upon nursing theor... more This paper explores ways in which some aspects of postmodernist thought impact upon nursing theory and research. The focus is on postmodernist accounts of epistemology and language, in particular notions such as multiple truths, uncertain and provisional knowledge, and claims as to the purposes of knowledge development. Common themes of postmodernism are articulated, including antifoundationalism, the dissonance between competing discourses, and the rejection of "grand theories." The paper concludes with a short set of suggestions for a postmodern approach to nursing practice.
This paper will examine the paradox of power differentials in multidisciplinary teams. The paper ... more This paper will examine the paradox of power differentials in multidisciplinary teams. The paper begins by offering multidisciplinary teams as an egalitarian enterprise in which all disciplines are included for their particular expertise in relation to patient care. By reviewing ways in which multidisciplinary teams are constructed it will be shown that in nursing discourse these teams are portrayed rhetorically in an idealized rather than realistic way and that there is clearly a power differential between disciplines. The examination highlights the socialized and stereotypical role adopted by the nurse and other disciplines within multidisciplinary teams, so that they fit the social role/rules allotted to them. Investigation of these roles suggest that masculine ideology has prevailed whereby the doctor assumes (without question) the role of team leader. The paper then moves to suggest dissatisfaction with this and that change is underway.
ABSTRACT Objective To consider the changing philosophical and theoretical construction of nursing... more ABSTRACT Objective To consider the changing philosophical and theoretical construction of nursing which has moved from an initial focus on positivism and science, and undergone a paradigmatic shift so that it is now being interpreted by some nursing theorists in alternative ways. Primary Argument A theoretical review of some nursing theorists and a critical consideration of the wider concepts which have been influential in theoretical constructions gradually moving from the received (positivistic) to the perceived view. The perceived view encompasses the emergence and influence of non-positivist philosophies, which shift the theoretical focus away from causation to a more interpretive, unscientific standpoint, with foundations in phenomenology, humanism, holistic care and qualitative research. The paper demonstrates that many of the theories offered are esoteric, complicated and constructed in an academic way that tends to escape the everyday nurse practitioner. Conclusion That mult...
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Papers by Philip Warelow