Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Nov 3, 2020
This study has been triggered by increase of counterfeit goods in the local markets whose origin ... more This study has been triggered by increase of counterfeit goods in the local markets whose origin is outside Kenya. This study sought to establish the competence and suitability of the security function in controlling entry of counterfeit products through the port of Mombasa. Despite the government putting measures to control entry of counterfeits. The existence of counterfeit goods in the market has led to Kenyans not to get value for money on purchase or end up using goods that might have negative health implications. The government has lost revenue by tax evasion or tax underpayments, money that can be used for infrastructure development in our country. This study examined influence of policy on increased control of counterfeit products at the port of Mombasa and how security personnel employ the policies in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study also assessed the knowledge on counterfeits of security personnel at the port of Mombasa and how this contributes to controlling counterfeiting. This study was anchored on two theories namely two factor theory of motivation and Vroom`s expectancy theory of motivation to describe the behavior of security personnel who are involved in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study utilized descriptive research design and the target population was a total of 248 security personnel drawn from different security agencies who are charged directly with detection and control of counterfeits at the port of Mombasa. This study applied probability sampling design by utilizing stratified random sampling techniques as well as purposive sampling to specifically select a sample size of 106 respondents from the study population. A semi structured questionnaire was the major data collection tools of this study. Gathered data was analyzed quantitatively, aided by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where averages were computed and findings presented using tables and charts. Findings and recommendations are expected to help reduce or completely curb counterfeits in Kenyan markets as well as provide basis for future research. In all, 57% of the respondent indicated that there was a link between the working conditions and the efficiency of the Security personnel. Working conditions, training, policies and deployment levels influences the efficiency of the security personnel to a level of 90.4 percent. The recommendations from the study are: the government and other relevant agencies should be involved in policy making. The oversight bodies, enforcement agencies and other regulatory agencies should work under one body and involve the National Intelligence and the Directorate of Criminal intelligence for surveillance.
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Dec 15, 2022
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governanc... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governance in Preventing Crimes in Nimule Border Post South Sudan. The study assessed the nature of existing border security models at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan; to assessed the influence of administrative structures on border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, established the effect of resource allocation on the quality of border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, and finally determined law enforcement officers perceptions on best practices for border security governance at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan. This study was guided by two theories; The Contingency Theory and The Governance Theory. The study use a Descriptive Research Survey Design to investigate the problem under the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 75 senior members of the police and 10 Key Informants. Key informants guide was used to collect qualitative data from the Key Informants. Data was analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the results presented using tables, bar graphs and pie charts. According to this study the existing border security model is only composed of the local police. This is inconsistent with the new international security model that require a coordinated multipronged approach by other public agencies. This explains the runaway insecurity prevalent in south Sudan and worse in areas around Nimule border itself. This administrative structure is organized in para- military style that limit and affect decision making of street officers at the Nimule border and characteristically discouraged free hand in operational contexts thus stifled security operations at the Nimule border. The study also established allocation of very scanty resources that did not support adoption of modern state of the arts border security technology at the Nimule border. According to this study law enforcement perceptions sought for the establishment of; joint border crossing points, international cooperation, border community policing programs, establishment of border communities in border security management and coordinated cross-border patrols and multiagency operations. As a policy matter, the government should bench mark with developed countries of best border security model which requires a coordinated multipronged approach by other public agencies and conform to it if she is to cut the problem of border insecurity to the nib. Further, decentralize and demilitarize the administrative structure which are a characteristic of hierarchical leadership structures and strict command and give officers on the street a free hand in decision making at the Nimule Border.
A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Ph... more A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Criminology and Social Order) in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of Kenyatta University, May, 2019
European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Illicit brew consumption is a social challenge in most parts of the world today. Although illicit... more Illicit brew consumption is a social challenge in most parts of the world today. Although illicit brew consumption results in psychological, social, physical and health problems, available studies have mostly linked the consumption of illicit brew to criminality in western countries with little evidence from the developing countries especially Kenya. The study sought to investigate the influence of illicit brews on security in Rongai Sub-County, Nakuru County Kenya, an area that has experienced an exponential rise of crime cases. The study had three objectives; to establish public perceptions on the influence of illicit brews on crimes causation, establish the influence of illicit brews use on public violence, and to determine the factors that impinge security management measures against illicit brews on security and safety in Kampi ya Moto in Rongai Sub-County. The study utilized a mixed methods research design. The census and purposive sampling techniques were used to draw a sampl...
European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
The paper examined barriers of criminal information sharing between law enforcement agencies and ... more The paper examined barriers of criminal information sharing between law enforcement agencies and their effect in crimes management in Nairobi County, Kenya, using data from an MA Thesis. This study was guided by four objectives; to examine the types of criminal information that is shared among law enforcement agencies; to assess the individual, organizational and technological barriers that hinders sharing of criminal information among law enforcement agencies in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Social Exchange Theory as propounded by Homans in (1958). This study adopted a qualitative study design and non-probabilistic sample design paradigms. The main method of data collection was the interview. Interview schedule and key informants guide were used to collect data. A sample comprised of 47 law enforcement officers purposively selected from Directorate of criminal Investigation (DCI) Operation wing and the Kenya Police Service Headquarters operation wing. In addition,...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Jun 14, 2023
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on socie... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on society, a case study of Westland Sub-County, Kenya. The study has been motivated by increased cases of child trafficking in Kenya, especially within Kitsuru, though with little research activity in this area. The study was guided by the following research objectives; to determine the prevalence of child trafficking cases, to establish factors responsible for child trafficking to examine the effects of child trafficking on victims and finally to assess impact of child trafficking in Westland-Sub-County, Kenya. This study was grounded by Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) Ecological Systems Theory. The study used mixed method design and a purposive sampling design model. The main method of data collection was the interview. In addition, FGDs were used to collect data from the victim respondents. The sample size comprised of 50 respondents that included; DCI Officers, Employees from; HAART Kenya, Kabete Remand Home, Children Department and Parents of Trafficked children. Data was coded and analyzed using NVIVO software, computer software for managing qualitative and quantitative data. The first objective established prevalence average, of about 11 children that are trafficked every month in Westland’s Sub County. The study further established frequent information tips of 10s of children being clandestinely trafficked outside the country though without arrests, indication a possibility of very intricate web of organized informers for child traffickers. The second objective established the factors responsible for child trafficking in Westland Sub-County, Kenya. These included; high demand for women in sex trafficking (60%), economic hardship (90%), demand for cheap domestic and agricultural labour (80%) poverty(100%), and demand from human organ harvesting sector(50%).In all this the underlying factor is the temptation of poverty. The third objective established the effects of child trafficking on Victims in Westland Sub-County, Kenya from both the perspectives of adult respondents and from the victim respondents. These include; Low self-esteem and self-worth, inability to trust and build meaningful relationships in later life, substance misuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder all rated at 90%, fear, anger and hostility, sexualized behaviour, pseudo maturity and self-harm all rated at 80 percent. The fourth objective established the impact of child trafficking in Westland’s Sub-County, Kenya; educational impacts, economic impacts, health impacts, societal impacts and national security impacts that are likely to ground the country’s economy, trap families and communities into cycles of poverty amongst other impacts. Amongst other major recommendations, the government should first treat as a national disaster and hand it as such.
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on socie... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on society, a case study of Westland Sub-County, Kenya. The study has been motivated by increased cases of child trafficking in Kenya, especially within Kitsuru, though with little research activity in this area. The study was guided by the following research objectives; to determine the prevalence of child trafficking cases, to establish factors responsible for child trafficking to examine the effects of child trafficking on victims and finally to assess impact of child trafficking in Westland-Sub-County, Kenya. This study was grounded by Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) Ecological Systems Theory. The study used mixed method design and a purposive sampling design model. The main method of data collection was the interview. In addition, FGDs were used to collect data from the victim respondents. The sample size comprised of 50 respondents that included; DCI Officers, Employees from; HAART Kenya, Kabete R...
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governanc... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governance in Preventing Crimes in Nimule Border Post South Sudan. The study assessed the nature of existing border security models at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan; to assessed the influence of administrative structures on border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, established the effect of resource allocation on the quality of border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, and finally determined law enforcement officers perceptions on best practices for border security governance at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan. This study was guided by two theories; The Contingency Theory and The Governance Theory. The study use a Descriptive Research Survey Design to investigate the problem under the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 75 senior members of the police and 10 Key Informants. Key informants guide was used to collect qualitative data from the Key Informants. Da...
European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Currently, the level of reliance of ICT among university students across the globe is unpresented... more Currently, the level of reliance of ICT among university students across the globe is unpresented. Students are heavy internet users because they perform the majority of their daily communications and school related activities on the internet. As a result the students are highly exposed to cybercrime victimization. Therefore, it’s important to determine issues surrounding their level of awareness of cybercrime. This study sought to examine the factors associated with students’ level of awareness of cybercrime at Egerton University, Njoro Campus, Nakuru County, Kenya. In order to achieve this, three specific research objectives were addressed; to determine the association between gender and cybercrime awareness among university students, to examine the association between age and cybercrime awareness among university students and to find out the relationship between the level of study and cybercrime awareness among university students. The study was based on the theory of technology ...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Nov 3, 2020
This study has been triggered by increase of counterfeit goods in the local markets whose origin ... more This study has been triggered by increase of counterfeit goods in the local markets whose origin is outside Kenya. This study sought to establish the competence and suitability of the security function in controlling entry of counterfeit products through the port of Mombasa. Despite the government putting measures to control entry of counterfeits. The existence of counterfeit goods in the market has led to Kenyans not to get value for money on purchase or end up using goods that might have negative health implications. The government has lost revenue by tax evasion or tax underpayments, money that can be used for infrastructure development in our country. This study examined influence of policy on increased control of counterfeit products at the port of Mombasa and how security personnel employ the policies in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study also assessed the knowledge on counterfeits of security personnel at the port of Mombasa and how this contributes to controlling counterfeiting. This study was anchored on two theories namely two factor theory of motivation and Vroom`s expectancy theory of motivation to describe the behavior of security personnel who are involved in controlling entry of counterfeits. This study utilized descriptive research design and the target population was a total of 248 security personnel drawn from different security agencies who are charged directly with detection and control of counterfeits at the port of Mombasa. This study applied probability sampling design by utilizing stratified random sampling techniques as well as purposive sampling to specifically select a sample size of 106 respondents from the study population. A semi structured questionnaire was the major data collection tools of this study. Gathered data was analyzed quantitatively, aided by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) where averages were computed and findings presented using tables and charts. Findings and recommendations are expected to help reduce or completely curb counterfeits in Kenyan markets as well as provide basis for future research. In all, 57% of the respondent indicated that there was a link between the working conditions and the efficiency of the Security personnel. Working conditions, training, policies and deployment levels influences the efficiency of the security personnel to a level of 90.4 percent. The recommendations from the study are: the government and other relevant agencies should be involved in policy making. The oversight bodies, enforcement agencies and other regulatory agencies should work under one body and involve the National Intelligence and the Directorate of Criminal intelligence for surveillance.
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Dec 15, 2022
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governanc... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governance in Preventing Crimes in Nimule Border Post South Sudan. The study assessed the nature of existing border security models at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan; to assessed the influence of administrative structures on border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, established the effect of resource allocation on the quality of border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, and finally determined law enforcement officers perceptions on best practices for border security governance at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan. This study was guided by two theories; The Contingency Theory and The Governance Theory. The study use a Descriptive Research Survey Design to investigate the problem under the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 75 senior members of the police and 10 Key Informants. Key informants guide was used to collect qualitative data from the Key Informants. Data was analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) and the results presented using tables, bar graphs and pie charts. According to this study the existing border security model is only composed of the local police. This is inconsistent with the new international security model that require a coordinated multipronged approach by other public agencies. This explains the runaway insecurity prevalent in south Sudan and worse in areas around Nimule border itself. This administrative structure is organized in para- military style that limit and affect decision making of street officers at the Nimule border and characteristically discouraged free hand in operational contexts thus stifled security operations at the Nimule border. The study also established allocation of very scanty resources that did not support adoption of modern state of the arts border security technology at the Nimule border. According to this study law enforcement perceptions sought for the establishment of; joint border crossing points, international cooperation, border community policing programs, establishment of border communities in border security management and coordinated cross-border patrols and multiagency operations. As a policy matter, the government should bench mark with developed countries of best border security model which requires a coordinated multipronged approach by other public agencies and conform to it if she is to cut the problem of border insecurity to the nib. Further, decentralize and demilitarize the administrative structure which are a characteristic of hierarchical leadership structures and strict command and give officers on the street a free hand in decision making at the Nimule Border.
A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Ph... more A Thesis Submitted in Fulfillment of The Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Criminology and Social Order) in the School of Humanities and Social Sciences of Kenyatta University, May, 2019
European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Illicit brew consumption is a social challenge in most parts of the world today. Although illicit... more Illicit brew consumption is a social challenge in most parts of the world today. Although illicit brew consumption results in psychological, social, physical and health problems, available studies have mostly linked the consumption of illicit brew to criminality in western countries with little evidence from the developing countries especially Kenya. The study sought to investigate the influence of illicit brews on security in Rongai Sub-County, Nakuru County Kenya, an area that has experienced an exponential rise of crime cases. The study had three objectives; to establish public perceptions on the influence of illicit brews on crimes causation, establish the influence of illicit brews use on public violence, and to determine the factors that impinge security management measures against illicit brews on security and safety in Kampi ya Moto in Rongai Sub-County. The study utilized a mixed methods research design. The census and purposive sampling techniques were used to draw a sampl...
European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 2021
The paper examined barriers of criminal information sharing between law enforcement agencies and ... more The paper examined barriers of criminal information sharing between law enforcement agencies and their effect in crimes management in Nairobi County, Kenya, using data from an MA Thesis. This study was guided by four objectives; to examine the types of criminal information that is shared among law enforcement agencies; to assess the individual, organizational and technological barriers that hinders sharing of criminal information among law enforcement agencies in Nairobi County, Kenya. This study was guided by Social Exchange Theory as propounded by Homans in (1958). This study adopted a qualitative study design and non-probabilistic sample design paradigms. The main method of data collection was the interview. Interview schedule and key informants guide were used to collect data. A sample comprised of 47 law enforcement officers purposively selected from Directorate of criminal Investigation (DCI) Operation wing and the Kenya Police Service Headquarters operation wing. In addition,...
Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, Jun 14, 2023
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on socie... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on society, a case study of Westland Sub-County, Kenya. The study has been motivated by increased cases of child trafficking in Kenya, especially within Kitsuru, though with little research activity in this area. The study was guided by the following research objectives; to determine the prevalence of child trafficking cases, to establish factors responsible for child trafficking to examine the effects of child trafficking on victims and finally to assess impact of child trafficking in Westland-Sub-County, Kenya. This study was grounded by Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) Ecological Systems Theory. The study used mixed method design and a purposive sampling design model. The main method of data collection was the interview. In addition, FGDs were used to collect data from the victim respondents. The sample size comprised of 50 respondents that included; DCI Officers, Employees from; HAART Kenya, Kabete Remand Home, Children Department and Parents of Trafficked children. Data was coded and analyzed using NVIVO software, computer software for managing qualitative and quantitative data. The first objective established prevalence average, of about 11 children that are trafficked every month in Westland’s Sub County. The study further established frequent information tips of 10s of children being clandestinely trafficked outside the country though without arrests, indication a possibility of very intricate web of organized informers for child traffickers. The second objective established the factors responsible for child trafficking in Westland Sub-County, Kenya. These included; high demand for women in sex trafficking (60%), economic hardship (90%), demand for cheap domestic and agricultural labour (80%) poverty(100%), and demand from human organ harvesting sector(50%).In all this the underlying factor is the temptation of poverty. The third objective established the effects of child trafficking on Victims in Westland Sub-County, Kenya from both the perspectives of adult respondents and from the victim respondents. These include; Low self-esteem and self-worth, inability to trust and build meaningful relationships in later life, substance misuse, and post-traumatic stress disorder all rated at 90%, fear, anger and hostility, sexualized behaviour, pseudo maturity and self-harm all rated at 80 percent. The fourth objective established the impact of child trafficking in Westland’s Sub-County, Kenya; educational impacts, economic impacts, health impacts, societal impacts and national security impacts that are likely to ground the country’s economy, trap families and communities into cycles of poverty amongst other impacts. Amongst other major recommendations, the government should first treat as a national disaster and hand it as such.
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on socie... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the implications of child trafficking on society, a case study of Westland Sub-County, Kenya. The study has been motivated by increased cases of child trafficking in Kenya, especially within Kitsuru, though with little research activity in this area. The study was guided by the following research objectives; to determine the prevalence of child trafficking cases, to establish factors responsible for child trafficking to examine the effects of child trafficking on victims and finally to assess impact of child trafficking in Westland-Sub-County, Kenya. This study was grounded by Bronfenbrenner’s (1994) Ecological Systems Theory. The study used mixed method design and a purposive sampling design model. The main method of data collection was the interview. In addition, FGDs were used to collect data from the victim respondents. The sample size comprised of 50 respondents that included; DCI Officers, Employees from; HAART Kenya, Kabete R...
This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governanc... more This paper uses data collected for an MA Thesis on the effectiveness of Border Security Governance in Preventing Crimes in Nimule Border Post South Sudan. The study assessed the nature of existing border security models at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan; to assessed the influence of administrative structures on border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, established the effect of resource allocation on the quality of border security at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan, and finally determined law enforcement officers perceptions on best practices for border security governance at Nimule Border Post –South Sudan. This study was guided by two theories; The Contingency Theory and The Governance Theory. The study use a Descriptive Research Survey Design to investigate the problem under the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data from 75 senior members of the police and 10 Key Informants. Key informants guide was used to collect qualitative data from the Key Informants. Da...
European Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences
Currently, the level of reliance of ICT among university students across the globe is unpresented... more Currently, the level of reliance of ICT among university students across the globe is unpresented. Students are heavy internet users because they perform the majority of their daily communications and school related activities on the internet. As a result the students are highly exposed to cybercrime victimization. Therefore, it’s important to determine issues surrounding their level of awareness of cybercrime. This study sought to examine the factors associated with students’ level of awareness of cybercrime at Egerton University, Njoro Campus, Nakuru County, Kenya. In order to achieve this, three specific research objectives were addressed; to determine the association between gender and cybercrime awareness among university students, to examine the association between age and cybercrime awareness among university students and to find out the relationship between the level of study and cybercrime awareness among university students. The study was based on the theory of technology ...
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