Partial table of contents: INTRODUCTION The Logic and Character of Assessment in Health Psycholog... more Partial table of contents: INTRODUCTION The Logic and Character of Assessment in Health Psychology: Perspectives and Possibilities (P. Karoly) MOLAR APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT Techniques of Psychosocial Epidemiology (L. Palinkas) Quality of Life Measurement (R. Kaplan) Ecobehavioral Assessment in Health Lifestyles: Concepts and Methods (R. Winett) SPECIALIZED ASSESSMENT METHODS Physical Social, and Inferential Elements of Psychophysiological Measurement (J. Cacioppo and et al.) The Use of Psychodiagnostic Questionnaires in Predicting Risk Factors and Health Outcomes (C. Green) SPECIAL TARGETS OF ASSESSMENT The Measurement of Medical Compliance in the Treatment of Disease (P. Cluss and L. Epstein) Evaluating Social Resources in Community and Health Care Contexts (R. Moos) The Assessment of Pain: Concepts and Procedures (P. Karoly) Index.
The aim of the present research was the development and validation of a set of instruments, colle... more The aim of the present research was the development and validation of a set of instruments, collectively called the Profile of Chronic Pain: Extended Assessment Battery (PCP:EA), designed to be administered to adults (between the ages of 25 to 80) after establishing the existence of a chronic pain problem. The final 86-item version of the PCP:EA consisted of 33 single items assessing: pain location and severity, pain characteristics (e.g. worst daily pain), medication use, health care status, the identity of the most important person in the patient's life, and functional limitations in 10 areas of daily living. In addition, the PCP:EA includes 13 multi-item subscales addressing aspects of coping (guarding, ignoring, task persistence, and positive self-talk), catastrophizing, pain attitudes and beliefs (including disability beliefs, belief in a medical cure for pain, belief in pain control, and pain-induced fear), and positive (tangible and emotional) and negative (insensitivity and impatience) social responses. Data were obtained from two national samples which were recruited and screened via a random-digit dialing telephone interview procedure. Stratified sampling was employed to assure equal gender and age group representation across three age groupings (25-44; 45-64; 65-80). Two survey studies provided strong evidence for the hypothesized factor structure, internal consistency, independence from response bias, and validity of the PCP:EA. Moreover, the presence of normative data enhance the diagnostic and prescriptive utility of the instrument.
Objective:To explore adherence to a plant-based diet from the perspective of goals- and motivatio... more Objective:To explore adherence to a plant-based diet from the perspective of goals- and motivations-based systems.Design:A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted regarding eating patterns, goals and motivations for current eating habits.Setting:Data were collected using an online survey platform, including the Goal Systems Assessment Battery (GSAB) and other survey tools.Participants:University students were recruited, including thirty-three students reporting successful maintenance of a plant-based diet (Adherents) and sixty-three students trying to adhere to a plant-based diet (Non-adherents).Results:Using GSAB subscale scores, discriminant function analyses significantly differentiated adherents v. non-adherents, accounting for 49·0 % of between-group variance (χ2 (13) = 42·03, P < 0·000). It correctly classified 72·7 % of adherents and 88·9 % of non-adherents. Constructs including value, self-efficacy, planning/stimulus control and positive affect were significant ...
Prospective memory refers to the planning, retention, retrieval, and execution of intentions for ... more Prospective memory refers to the planning, retention, retrieval, and execution of intentions for future behaviours and it is integral to the enterprise of daily living. Although prospective memory relies upon retrospective memory and executive processes often disrupted by pain, limited research has explored the influence of acute or chronic pain on the ability to complete prospective memory tasks. In the present study we investigated the influence of acute pain on prospective memory tasks that varied in their demands on executive processes (i.e., non-focal versus focal prospective memory cues). Complex-span working memory tasks were also administered to examine whether individual differences in working memory capacity moderated any negative impact of pain on prospective memory. Acute pain significantly impaired prospective memory performance in conditions that encouraged non-focal strategic processing of prospective memory cues, but not in conditions that encouraged more spontaneous...
For individuals with chronic pain, the within-person influence of affect and goal cognition on da... more For individuals with chronic pain, the within-person influence of affect and goal cognition on daily work-related goal striving is not yet well understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that anticipatory goal cognition in the form of a morning work goal schema mediates the relations between morning affect and later (afternoon and evening) work goal striving. Working adults with chronic pain (N = 131) completed a 21-day diary with morning, afternoon, and evening assessments analyzed via multi-level structural equation modeling. At the within-person level, morning positive and negative affect were positively associated with morning work goal schemas; and morning work goal schemas, in turn, positively predicted both afternoon and evening work goal striving. Our findings underscore the complex dynamics over time of the relationship between affect and self-regulatory processes and have implications for future studies and for interventions to assist working adults with chronic p...
The assessment of pediatric pain is, paradoxically, one of the most complex and one of the simple... more The assessment of pediatric pain is, paradoxically, one of the most complex and one of the simplest acts a health professional can perform. The physician suturing a wound, for example, can readily observe the physical damage, can hear the child’s cries as the procedure ensues (even after an anesthetic has been administered), or can feel the tension in the child’s limbs should the hurt youngster elect to remain silent. “It’ll be over soon,” is a familiar utterance by the doctor, nurse, or parent who unerringly senses that he or she is in the presence of suffering. Therefore, asking the child how much she hurts appears to be as unnecessary as it is unkind.
16 black and 16 white female delinquents and 36 black and 31 white high school females were compa... more 16 black and 16 white female delinquents and 36 black and 31 white high school females were compared on measures of interpersonal trust, sensation-seeking, and assertiveness. Expected differences for groups and race failed to emerge. Results were discussed in terms of the need to enlarge upon traditional views of adolescent psychopathology and to seek improved modes of assessing lower-class clients.
Partial table of contents: INTRODUCTION The Logic and Character of Assessment in Health Psycholog... more Partial table of contents: INTRODUCTION The Logic and Character of Assessment in Health Psychology: Perspectives and Possibilities (P. Karoly) MOLAR APPROACHES TO ASSESSMENT Techniques of Psychosocial Epidemiology (L. Palinkas) Quality of Life Measurement (R. Kaplan) Ecobehavioral Assessment in Health Lifestyles: Concepts and Methods (R. Winett) SPECIALIZED ASSESSMENT METHODS Physical Social, and Inferential Elements of Psychophysiological Measurement (J. Cacioppo and et al.) The Use of Psychodiagnostic Questionnaires in Predicting Risk Factors and Health Outcomes (C. Green) SPECIAL TARGETS OF ASSESSMENT The Measurement of Medical Compliance in the Treatment of Disease (P. Cluss and L. Epstein) Evaluating Social Resources in Community and Health Care Contexts (R. Moos) The Assessment of Pain: Concepts and Procedures (P. Karoly) Index.
The aim of the present research was the development and validation of a set of instruments, colle... more The aim of the present research was the development and validation of a set of instruments, collectively called the Profile of Chronic Pain: Extended Assessment Battery (PCP:EA), designed to be administered to adults (between the ages of 25 to 80) after establishing the existence of a chronic pain problem. The final 86-item version of the PCP:EA consisted of 33 single items assessing: pain location and severity, pain characteristics (e.g. worst daily pain), medication use, health care status, the identity of the most important person in the patient&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;#39;s life, and functional limitations in 10 areas of daily living. In addition, the PCP:EA includes 13 multi-item subscales addressing aspects of coping (guarding, ignoring, task persistence, and positive self-talk), catastrophizing, pain attitudes and beliefs (including disability beliefs, belief in a medical cure for pain, belief in pain control, and pain-induced fear), and positive (tangible and emotional) and negative (insensitivity and impatience) social responses. Data were obtained from two national samples which were recruited and screened via a random-digit dialing telephone interview procedure. Stratified sampling was employed to assure equal gender and age group representation across three age groupings (25-44; 45-64; 65-80). Two survey studies provided strong evidence for the hypothesized factor structure, internal consistency, independence from response bias, and validity of the PCP:EA. Moreover, the presence of normative data enhance the diagnostic and prescriptive utility of the instrument.
Objective:To explore adherence to a plant-based diet from the perspective of goals- and motivatio... more Objective:To explore adherence to a plant-based diet from the perspective of goals- and motivations-based systems.Design:A cross-sectional, survey-based study was conducted regarding eating patterns, goals and motivations for current eating habits.Setting:Data were collected using an online survey platform, including the Goal Systems Assessment Battery (GSAB) and other survey tools.Participants:University students were recruited, including thirty-three students reporting successful maintenance of a plant-based diet (Adherents) and sixty-three students trying to adhere to a plant-based diet (Non-adherents).Results:Using GSAB subscale scores, discriminant function analyses significantly differentiated adherents v. non-adherents, accounting for 49·0 % of between-group variance (χ2 (13) = 42·03, P < 0·000). It correctly classified 72·7 % of adherents and 88·9 % of non-adherents. Constructs including value, self-efficacy, planning/stimulus control and positive affect were significant ...
Prospective memory refers to the planning, retention, retrieval, and execution of intentions for ... more Prospective memory refers to the planning, retention, retrieval, and execution of intentions for future behaviours and it is integral to the enterprise of daily living. Although prospective memory relies upon retrospective memory and executive processes often disrupted by pain, limited research has explored the influence of acute or chronic pain on the ability to complete prospective memory tasks. In the present study we investigated the influence of acute pain on prospective memory tasks that varied in their demands on executive processes (i.e., non-focal versus focal prospective memory cues). Complex-span working memory tasks were also administered to examine whether individual differences in working memory capacity moderated any negative impact of pain on prospective memory. Acute pain significantly impaired prospective memory performance in conditions that encouraged non-focal strategic processing of prospective memory cues, but not in conditions that encouraged more spontaneous...
For individuals with chronic pain, the within-person influence of affect and goal cognition on da... more For individuals with chronic pain, the within-person influence of affect and goal cognition on daily work-related goal striving is not yet well understood. The present study tested the hypothesis that anticipatory goal cognition in the form of a morning work goal schema mediates the relations between morning affect and later (afternoon and evening) work goal striving. Working adults with chronic pain (N = 131) completed a 21-day diary with morning, afternoon, and evening assessments analyzed via multi-level structural equation modeling. At the within-person level, morning positive and negative affect were positively associated with morning work goal schemas; and morning work goal schemas, in turn, positively predicted both afternoon and evening work goal striving. Our findings underscore the complex dynamics over time of the relationship between affect and self-regulatory processes and have implications for future studies and for interventions to assist working adults with chronic p...
The assessment of pediatric pain is, paradoxically, one of the most complex and one of the simple... more The assessment of pediatric pain is, paradoxically, one of the most complex and one of the simplest acts a health professional can perform. The physician suturing a wound, for example, can readily observe the physical damage, can hear the child’s cries as the procedure ensues (even after an anesthetic has been administered), or can feel the tension in the child’s limbs should the hurt youngster elect to remain silent. “It’ll be over soon,” is a familiar utterance by the doctor, nurse, or parent who unerringly senses that he or she is in the presence of suffering. Therefore, asking the child how much she hurts appears to be as unnecessary as it is unkind.
16 black and 16 white female delinquents and 36 black and 31 white high school females were compa... more 16 black and 16 white female delinquents and 36 black and 31 white high school females were compared on measures of interpersonal trust, sensation-seeking, and assertiveness. Expected differences for groups and race failed to emerge. Results were discussed in terms of the need to enlarge upon traditional views of adolescent psychopathology and to seek improved modes of assessing lower-class clients.
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Papers by Paul Karoly