Abstract. It has been suggested that part of the widespread preference for chih pepper can be ex-... more Abstract. It has been suggested that part of the widespread preference for chih pepper can be ex-plained as a desensitization of the chemical irritant receptors in the mouth, produced by continued ex-posure to chili pepper. To evaluate this possibility, we measure detection thresholds ...
Research on learning and memory in fish has followed two separate traditions. One, the biological... more Research on learning and memory in fish has followed two separate traditions. One, the biological or naturalistic, has addressed itself primarily to the role of learning in the natural life of fish and has thus organized itself around such functional problems as feeding, migration, and the like. The other tradition concerns the learning and memory capacities of fish determined under experimental laboratory conditions, viewed against the backdrop of traditional learning theory, and related to a comparative psychology of learning. This chapter discusses learning in fish. The chapter illustrates the largely descriptive naturalistic evidence, by functional area and the more programmatic and analytic “learning-theoretical” approach. The chapter focuses on the physiological or neural aspects of memory and learning and deals with memory and consolidation, the neural substrate of learning, interocular transfer, and cold block of learning. The chapter reviews representative examples of the use of learning as a tool to investigate other aspects of fish behavior.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the selection of food by rats, humans, and other animals... more Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the selection of food by rats, humans, and other animals, and focuses on the complex problems, especially in food recognition and choice, in the omnivores or generalists. Food selection implies food ingestion. Food ingestion implies the presence of food. Therefore, background for the study of food selection includes the food search process: search images and search mechanisms for finding appropriate food stimuli in the environment. Honey bees provide fine examples of a highly developed food search system. Food selection also implies the ability to obtain or capture food, and to assimilate it, for which many often exotic mechanisms have been evolved. Given the presence of potential food, ingestion then usually depends on an internal state or detector indicating a “need” for the particular food or class of foods, and recognition of the potential food as food. Omnivores, such as rats and humans, faced with an enormous number of potential foods, must choose wisely. They are always in danger of eating something harmful or eating too much of a good thing. Although there are some helpful internal mechanisms, such as poison detoxification, nutrient biosynthesis, and nutrient storage, the major share of the burden for maintaining nutritional balance must out of necessity come from incorporation of appropriate nutrients in the environment and, hence, behavior. The most striking parallel between human and rat feeding is in the neophobia seen in both. The chapter discusses the multiple determinants of food selection in man that are divided into biological factors and effects of individual experience, on one hand, and cultural influences, on the other.
Abstract. It has been suggested that part of the widespread preference for chih pepper can be ex-... more Abstract. It has been suggested that part of the widespread preference for chih pepper can be ex-plained as a desensitization of the chemical irritant receptors in the mouth, produced by continued ex-posure to chili pepper. To evaluate this possibility, we measure detection thresholds ...
Research on learning and memory in fish has followed two separate traditions. One, the biological... more Research on learning and memory in fish has followed two separate traditions. One, the biological or naturalistic, has addressed itself primarily to the role of learning in the natural life of fish and has thus organized itself around such functional problems as feeding, migration, and the like. The other tradition concerns the learning and memory capacities of fish determined under experimental laboratory conditions, viewed against the backdrop of traditional learning theory, and related to a comparative psychology of learning. This chapter discusses learning in fish. The chapter illustrates the largely descriptive naturalistic evidence, by functional area and the more programmatic and analytic “learning-theoretical” approach. The chapter focuses on the physiological or neural aspects of memory and learning and deals with memory and consolidation, the neural substrate of learning, interocular transfer, and cold block of learning. The chapter reviews representative examples of the use of learning as a tool to investigate other aspects of fish behavior.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the selection of food by rats, humans, and other animals... more Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the selection of food by rats, humans, and other animals, and focuses on the complex problems, especially in food recognition and choice, in the omnivores or generalists. Food selection implies food ingestion. Food ingestion implies the presence of food. Therefore, background for the study of food selection includes the food search process: search images and search mechanisms for finding appropriate food stimuli in the environment. Honey bees provide fine examples of a highly developed food search system. Food selection also implies the ability to obtain or capture food, and to assimilate it, for which many often exotic mechanisms have been evolved. Given the presence of potential food, ingestion then usually depends on an internal state or detector indicating a “need” for the particular food or class of foods, and recognition of the potential food as food. Omnivores, such as rats and humans, faced with an enormous number of potential foods, must choose wisely. They are always in danger of eating something harmful or eating too much of a good thing. Although there are some helpful internal mechanisms, such as poison detoxification, nutrient biosynthesis, and nutrient storage, the major share of the burden for maintaining nutritional balance must out of necessity come from incorporation of appropriate nutrients in the environment and, hence, behavior. The most striking parallel between human and rat feeding is in the neophobia seen in both. The chapter discusses the multiple determinants of food selection in man that are divided into biological factors and effects of individual experience, on one hand, and cultural influences, on the other.
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Papers by Paul Rozin