To compare retinal area to optic disc rim area ratios of hyperopic normal, strabismic eyes with e... more To compare retinal area to optic disc rim area ratios of hyperopic normal, strabismic eyes with equal acuity, amblyopic, and fellow eyes. Neuroretinal rim areas of 293 amblyopic and fellow eyes, and 77 non-amblyopic hyperopic right eyes, and 84 non-amblyopic strabismic right eyes were measured by magnification corrected retinal photography and planimetry. Retinal area estimates were based on axial lengths. All subjects had bilateral hyperopia. Patients with glaucoma or known optic nerve atrophy were excluded. The normal and strabismic groups had equal visual acuity in each eye better than 20/40. The amblyopic group had acuity worse than 20/40 in one eye uncorrectable with lenses and without gross anatomic defects. The amblyopic group included 137 with strabismus and 89 with anisometropia exceeding 1.5 diopters. There were highly significant differences between the ratio of retinal area to optic disc rim area of the amblyopic and of normal eyes (unpaired t-test, p = 8.6 x 10(-6)), th...
Hyperopia is a risk factor for esotropia and amblyopia. A previous study indicated that disc area... more Hyperopia is a risk factor for esotropia and amblyopia. A previous study indicated that disc areas (DAs) are reduced in patients with amblyopia. To determine if there is a difference in the relative size of the optic disc in hyperopic eyes without strabismus or amblyopia compared with esotropic and amblyopic eyes, the relationship of axial length (AXL) to DA in subjects with hyperopia was evaluated. Eight hundred fifty records from my private practice, which included AXL measurements and optic disc photographs or digital images, were analyzed to locate 122 subjects with bilateral refractive errors greater than +2.00 diopters. Disc areas were measured using objective techniques. Axial lengths were determined by ultrasonographic biometry. A ratio, AXL/DA, was derived by dividing the AXL in millimeters by the DA in square millimeters. The mean (SD) AXL/DA for the group with hyperopia was 9.48 (2.70) mm and 12.30 (3.45) mm for the group with hyperopic strabismus (P =.01). The mean (SD) ...
Defects in visual functions in amblyopic eyes may have a neuroretinal explanation. The retinal ar... more Defects in visual functions in amblyopic eyes may have a neuroretinal explanation. The retinal area to optic disc rim area ratios of hyperopic normal, amblyopic, and fellow eyes were evaluated. Case-controlled study. A total of 293 patients with amblyopia and bilateral hyperopia and 77 non-amblyopic bilaterally hyperopic patients without strabismus. Disc areas were measured using magnification correction formulas developed by Bengtsson and Krakau. Axial lengths were determined by ultrasound biometry or laser interferometry with a Zeiss AOL Master (Carl Zeiss Co., Oberkochen, Germany). The visual area of the retina was calculated using axial length measurements. Optic disc rim areas, corrected for magnification, retinal areas, and a derived ratio, retinal area/disc rim area (RetA/DRimA). The RetA/DRimA for the amblyopic eyes was significantly greater than that of the fellow and normal eyes, indicating that amblyopic eyes have larger retinal receptor areas than fellow or normal eyes. The RetA/DRimA of the fellow eyes was smaller than for the amblyopic but larger than that of the normal eyes. These differences were due to smaller optic disc rim areas in the amblyopic and fellow eyes. Amblyopic and their fellow eyes, when compared with normal eyes, have reduced innervations of comparable retinal areas. These differences can be attributed to a paucity of nerve fibers, as indicated by the smaller neuroretinal rim areas. The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial o... more Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial of patching vs atropine in children aged 3 to younger than 7 years with moderate amblyopia. We have previously answered similar questions from Dr Lempert both in ...
Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial o... more Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial of patching vs atropine in children aged 3 to younger than 7 years with moderate amblyopia. We have previously answered similar questions from Dr Lempert both in ...
To compare retinal area to optic disc rim area ratios of hyperopic normal, strabismic eyes with e... more To compare retinal area to optic disc rim area ratios of hyperopic normal, strabismic eyes with equal acuity, amblyopic, and fellow eyes. Neuroretinal rim areas of 293 amblyopic and fellow eyes, and 77 non-amblyopic hyperopic right eyes, and 84 non-amblyopic strabismic right eyes were measured by magnification corrected retinal photography and planimetry. Retinal area estimates were based on axial lengths. All subjects had bilateral hyperopia. Patients with glaucoma or known optic nerve atrophy were excluded. The normal and strabismic groups had equal visual acuity in each eye better than 20/40. The amblyopic group had acuity worse than 20/40 in one eye uncorrectable with lenses and without gross anatomic defects. The amblyopic group included 137 with strabismus and 89 with anisometropia exceeding 1.5 diopters. There were highly significant differences between the ratio of retinal area to optic disc rim area of the amblyopic and of normal eyes (unpaired t-test, p = 8.6 x 10(-6)), th...
Hyperopia is a risk factor for esotropia and amblyopia. A previous study indicated that disc area... more Hyperopia is a risk factor for esotropia and amblyopia. A previous study indicated that disc areas (DAs) are reduced in patients with amblyopia. To determine if there is a difference in the relative size of the optic disc in hyperopic eyes without strabismus or amblyopia compared with esotropic and amblyopic eyes, the relationship of axial length (AXL) to DA in subjects with hyperopia was evaluated. Eight hundred fifty records from my private practice, which included AXL measurements and optic disc photographs or digital images, were analyzed to locate 122 subjects with bilateral refractive errors greater than +2.00 diopters. Disc areas were measured using objective techniques. Axial lengths were determined by ultrasonographic biometry. A ratio, AXL/DA, was derived by dividing the AXL in millimeters by the DA in square millimeters. The mean (SD) AXL/DA for the group with hyperopia was 9.48 (2.70) mm and 12.30 (3.45) mm for the group with hyperopic strabismus (P =.01). The mean (SD) ...
Defects in visual functions in amblyopic eyes may have a neuroretinal explanation. The retinal ar... more Defects in visual functions in amblyopic eyes may have a neuroretinal explanation. The retinal area to optic disc rim area ratios of hyperopic normal, amblyopic, and fellow eyes were evaluated. Case-controlled study. A total of 293 patients with amblyopia and bilateral hyperopia and 77 non-amblyopic bilaterally hyperopic patients without strabismus. Disc areas were measured using magnification correction formulas developed by Bengtsson and Krakau. Axial lengths were determined by ultrasound biometry or laser interferometry with a Zeiss AOL Master (Carl Zeiss Co., Oberkochen, Germany). The visual area of the retina was calculated using axial length measurements. Optic disc rim areas, corrected for magnification, retinal areas, and a derived ratio, retinal area/disc rim area (RetA/DRimA). The RetA/DRimA for the amblyopic eyes was significantly greater than that of the fellow and normal eyes, indicating that amblyopic eyes have larger retinal receptor areas than fellow or normal eyes. The RetA/DRimA of the fellow eyes was smaller than for the amblyopic but larger than that of the normal eyes. These differences were due to smaller optic disc rim areas in the amblyopic and fellow eyes. Amblyopic and their fellow eyes, when compared with normal eyes, have reduced innervations of comparable retinal areas. These differences can be attributed to a paucity of nerve fibers, as indicated by the smaller neuroretinal rim areas. The authors have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.
Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial o... more Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial of patching vs atropine in children aged 3 to younger than 7 years with moderate amblyopia. We have previously answered similar questions from Dr Lempert both in ...
Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial o... more Drs Lempert and Kushner 1 question a number of decisions made in designing our randomized trial of patching vs atropine in children aged 3 to younger than 7 years with moderate amblyopia. We have previously answered similar questions from Dr Lempert both in ...
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