A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a ... more A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30% respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (P<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7% respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage of intake was from 41.0 to 47.4% and as percentage of digestion, from 55.7 to 65.8% (in both cases, P<0.05). According to the herein showed data, moringa foliage meal may constitute an important ingredient in the diet of growing pigs, as a protein source for the animal.
A double 3 x 3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of nitrogen (N) in growing Mong Cai... more A double 3 x 3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of nitrogen (N) in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30 % respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (p<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7 % respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage o...
SUMMARY A comparison was made of the effect of the inclusion of either 50% trichanthera (Trichant... more SUMMARY A comparison was made of the effect of the inclusion of either 50% trichanthera (Trichanthera gigantea (H & B) Nees) or mulberry (Morus alba L) leaf meal in diet on rectal digestibility of nutrients and N balance of eight Mong Cai castrate male pigs weighing initially 23.7 kg. The animals were distributed at random into two treatments following a change over design with two equal periods of ten days each. Compared to trichanthera, mulberry leaf meal determined higher DM (P<0.001) and organic matter(P< 0.01) digestibility at the rectum site. N balance significantly (P< 0.05) favoured mulberry leaf meal, either as percentage of intake (35.5 and 60.5) or as percentage of digestion (53.3 and 82.2). The current study confirmed a high nutritive value for mulberry leaf meal if given to growing pigs. Data herein presented strongly suggest the necessity of more investigation to be conducted in order to improve the possible role of trichanthera leaves as a valuable source of ...
Eight Mong Cai castrate male pigs of mean initial weight 12.3 kg were fed diets containing sugar ... more Eight Mong Cai castrate male pigs of mean initial weight 12.3 kg were fed diets containing sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) syrup and dry fish substituted or not with ensiled cassava leaves (0 and 50% of the daily ration in dry basis) according to a change over design. The silage was made from sun-dried, wilted, chopped leaves and petioles in a single batch of cassava foliage harvested after 8weeks of regrowth. The pH was 4.39, DM 41.2%, NDF 66.7%, N 2.87% and cyanide 120 mg/kg in dry basis. Mean environmental temperature was 34.5 o C at midday (12:00)
Twelve plots of 15 m2 planted with an indeterminate variety of mulberry ( Morus alba ) with wide ... more Twelve plots of 15 m2 planted with an indeterminate variety of mulberry ( Morus alba ) with wide leaves underwent periodic cuts every 30, 60, 90 and 120 days to study, according to a random block design, the nutritional value of mulberry foliage meal by the technique of in vitro ileal (pepsin/pancreatin) and fecal digestibility. Cell wall content and N bound to that wall increased significantly (P = 0.004) with the cut age while the N content tended to decrease (P = 0.059). The ileal digestibility of organic matter and N decreased from 68.1 and 59.4 % to 44.2 and 30.0 % (P <0.05), respectively, in samples of 30 cutting days up to others of 120 days (P <0.01). Similarly, fecal digestibility of DM and organic matter went from 66.7 and 68.0 % to 45.3 and 51.0 % (P <0.01), respectively. Cutting age exerts a determining influence on the nutritional value of mulberry foliage meal provided to pigs, which worsens as cut frequency decreases. Keywords: tree forage, pigs, digestibilit...
The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by u... more The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by use of the acid insoluble acid as natural inner marker in two experiments designed in a factorial arrangement 2x2 with four replications per treatment. In experiment 1, eight Mong Cai pigs of 12.5 to 15.5 kg live weight were utilized. Experiment 2 was conducted with eight Large White pigs of 15.0 and 25.0 kg live weight. In both experiments the diets were formulated with wheat bran and fish meal to contain approximately 18 % crude protein and were offered at the rate of 4.5 kg DM per 100 kg live weight. There was no influence of live weight on digestibility values. In in Mong Cai pigs the indirect method of estimation of digestibility of nutrients appeared to predict slightly higher values than the direct method. This effect was significant only for DM and NDF digestibility. There was no significant influence of live weight or method of determination on any of the measurements conducted i...
Se hicieron estudios in vitro de la digestibilidad ileal y total en cuatro lotes de harina de hoj... more Se hicieron estudios in vitro de la digestibilidad ileal y total en cuatro lotes de harina de hojas de Morus alba y Trichanthera gigantea (H & B) Nees usadas para alimentar cerdos. Las harinas de hojas de Morus alba y Trichanthera gigantea (H & B) Nees tenían como promedio, 31,5 y 50,5% de fi bra detergente neutro (FDN) y 22,19 y 21,88% de proteína bruta (Nx6,25), en base seca, respectivamente. Se encontró que la digestibilidad ileal, in vitro del N fue signifi cativamente (P<0,001) más alta en la morera que en la tricantera (45,0 y 35,0% respectivamente). La digestibilidad fecal, in vitro de la materia orgánica fue más alta (P<0,001) en la morera que en la tricantera (65,2 y 40,0% respectivamente). Los datos de digestibilidad ileal, in vitro, estuvieron asociados con el contenido de N ligado a la pared, mientras que los de digestibilidad fecal, in vitro, se correspondieron con la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta (R2, 0,996; P<0,001). Estos estudios confi rmaron ...
SUMMARY Nine 40 kg Cuban CC21 castrated male pigs were used to study the effect of feed intake (0... more SUMMARY Nine 40 kg Cuban CC21 castrated male pigs were used to study the effect of feed intake (0.050, 0.100 and 0.150 kg DM/W 0.75 per day respectively) on rectal digestibility of nutrients according to a triple 3x3 Latin square design. The diet was formulated to contain Dglucose and soybean meal plus vitamins and minerals, 63:35:2 in dry basis. The diet was given in one ration per day at 9:00 am. It was found that the animals only ate 76.7% of the offered ration containing the highest feed amount respectively. The difference was highly significant (P<0.001) if compared to the two lowest levels of feed intake (100.0%). A significant (P<0.01) linear effect was encountered for the influencet of feed intake on rectal digestibility of DM (r, -0.851), ash (r, -0.975) and N (r, - 0.830). This effect was less significant (P<0.05) for organic mater and energy digestibility (r, -0.715 and -0.795). The quadratic response for energy digestibility was highly significant (R 2 , 0.999; ...
The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by u... more The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by use of the acid insoluble acid as natural inner marker in two experiments designed in a factorial arrangement 2x2 with four replications per treatment. In experiment 1, eight Mong Cai pigs of 12.5 to 15.5 kg live weight were utilized. Experiment 2 was conducted with eight Large White pigs of 15.0 and 25.0 kg live weight. In both experiments the diets were formulated with wheat bran and fish meal to contain approximately 18 % crude protein and were offered at the rate of 4.5 kg DM per 100 kg live weight. There was no influence of live weight on digestibility values. In in Mong Cai pigs the indirect method of estimation of digestibility of nutrients appeared to predict slightly higher values than the direct method. This effect was significant only for DM and NDF digestibility. There was no significant influence of live weight or method of determination on any of the measurements conducted i...
A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a ... more A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30% respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (P<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7% respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage of intake was fr...
Revista Computadorizada de Producción Porcina …, 2008
... Journal of Nutrition, 130:1780-1787 Bun Tean, Keo Sath, Pok Samkol and Ly, J. 2002. ... In: V... more ... Journal of Nutrition, 130:1780-1787 Bun Tean, Keo Sath, Pok Samkol and Ly, J. 2002. ... In: VII Congreso Centroamericano y del Caribe de Porcicultura. La Habana. Electronic version available in compact disc, ISBN 959-7164-90-6 Ly, J., Chhay Ty and Preston, TR 2003. ...
SUMMARY An evaluation was made on the influence of genotype, Cambodian Khondol and Duroc, on perf... more SUMMARY An evaluation was made on the influence of genotype, Cambodian Khondol and Duroc, on performance traits and rectal digestibility indices of eight 10 kg castrate male young pigs fed ad libitum a common, local diet based on wheat bran and fresh water dry fish (Nx6.25, 18% in dry basis). There were no genotype effect (P>0.05) on performance traits of animals, as measured in the current investigation. Overall, a low voluntary feed intake was found (below 1 kg DM/day), and it would be probably due to the hot and wet environment where the pigs were kept (average air temperature at midday was 36 o C). There were no breed effect (P>0.05) on digestibility of DM (76.9 and 74.8%), organic matter (83.4 and 83.2%) and N (75.8 and 76.6%) for Khondol and Duroc animals respectively. Faecal DM digestibility was correlated (R 2 , 0.783; P<0.01) to faecal organic matter digestibility. Faecal output of fresh material was consistently high, with no treatment effect (1 073 and 1 067 g pe...
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imp... more The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibi...
A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a ... more A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30% respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (P<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7% respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage of intake was from 41.0 to 47.4% and as percentage of digestion, from 55.7 to 65.8% (in both cases, P<0.05). According to the herein showed data, moringa foliage meal may constitute an important ingredient in the diet of growing pigs, as a protein source for the animal.
A double 3 x 3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of nitrogen (N) in growing Mong Cai... more A double 3 x 3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of nitrogen (N) in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30 % respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (p<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7 % respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage o...
SUMMARY A comparison was made of the effect of the inclusion of either 50% trichanthera (Trichant... more SUMMARY A comparison was made of the effect of the inclusion of either 50% trichanthera (Trichanthera gigantea (H & B) Nees) or mulberry (Morus alba L) leaf meal in diet on rectal digestibility of nutrients and N balance of eight Mong Cai castrate male pigs weighing initially 23.7 kg. The animals were distributed at random into two treatments following a change over design with two equal periods of ten days each. Compared to trichanthera, mulberry leaf meal determined higher DM (P<0.001) and organic matter(P< 0.01) digestibility at the rectum site. N balance significantly (P< 0.05) favoured mulberry leaf meal, either as percentage of intake (35.5 and 60.5) or as percentage of digestion (53.3 and 82.2). The current study confirmed a high nutritive value for mulberry leaf meal if given to growing pigs. Data herein presented strongly suggest the necessity of more investigation to be conducted in order to improve the possible role of trichanthera leaves as a valuable source of ...
Eight Mong Cai castrate male pigs of mean initial weight 12.3 kg were fed diets containing sugar ... more Eight Mong Cai castrate male pigs of mean initial weight 12.3 kg were fed diets containing sugar palm (Borassus flabellifer) syrup and dry fish substituted or not with ensiled cassava leaves (0 and 50% of the daily ration in dry basis) according to a change over design. The silage was made from sun-dried, wilted, chopped leaves and petioles in a single batch of cassava foliage harvested after 8weeks of regrowth. The pH was 4.39, DM 41.2%, NDF 66.7%, N 2.87% and cyanide 120 mg/kg in dry basis. Mean environmental temperature was 34.5 o C at midday (12:00)
Twelve plots of 15 m2 planted with an indeterminate variety of mulberry ( Morus alba ) with wide ... more Twelve plots of 15 m2 planted with an indeterminate variety of mulberry ( Morus alba ) with wide leaves underwent periodic cuts every 30, 60, 90 and 120 days to study, according to a random block design, the nutritional value of mulberry foliage meal by the technique of in vitro ileal (pepsin/pancreatin) and fecal digestibility. Cell wall content and N bound to that wall increased significantly (P = 0.004) with the cut age while the N content tended to decrease (P = 0.059). The ileal digestibility of organic matter and N decreased from 68.1 and 59.4 % to 44.2 and 30.0 % (P <0.05), respectively, in samples of 30 cutting days up to others of 120 days (P <0.01). Similarly, fecal digestibility of DM and organic matter went from 66.7 and 68.0 % to 45.3 and 51.0 % (P <0.01), respectively. Cutting age exerts a determining influence on the nutritional value of mulberry foliage meal provided to pigs, which worsens as cut frequency decreases. Keywords: tree forage, pigs, digestibilit...
The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by u... more The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by use of the acid insoluble acid as natural inner marker in two experiments designed in a factorial arrangement 2x2 with four replications per treatment. In experiment 1, eight Mong Cai pigs of 12.5 to 15.5 kg live weight were utilized. Experiment 2 was conducted with eight Large White pigs of 15.0 and 25.0 kg live weight. In both experiments the diets were formulated with wheat bran and fish meal to contain approximately 18 % crude protein and were offered at the rate of 4.5 kg DM per 100 kg live weight. There was no influence of live weight on digestibility values. In in Mong Cai pigs the indirect method of estimation of digestibility of nutrients appeared to predict slightly higher values than the direct method. This effect was significant only for DM and NDF digestibility. There was no significant influence of live weight or method of determination on any of the measurements conducted i...
Se hicieron estudios in vitro de la digestibilidad ileal y total en cuatro lotes de harina de hoj... more Se hicieron estudios in vitro de la digestibilidad ileal y total en cuatro lotes de harina de hojas de Morus alba y Trichanthera gigantea (H & B) Nees usadas para alimentar cerdos. Las harinas de hojas de Morus alba y Trichanthera gigantea (H & B) Nees tenían como promedio, 31,5 y 50,5% de fi bra detergente neutro (FDN) y 22,19 y 21,88% de proteína bruta (Nx6,25), en base seca, respectivamente. Se encontró que la digestibilidad ileal, in vitro del N fue signifi cativamente (P<0,001) más alta en la morera que en la tricantera (45,0 y 35,0% respectivamente). La digestibilidad fecal, in vitro de la materia orgánica fue más alta (P<0,001) en la morera que en la tricantera (65,2 y 40,0% respectivamente). Los datos de digestibilidad ileal, in vitro, estuvieron asociados con el contenido de N ligado a la pared, mientras que los de digestibilidad fecal, in vitro, se correspondieron con la producción de ácidos grasos de cadena corta (R2, 0,996; P<0,001). Estos estudios confi rmaron ...
SUMMARY Nine 40 kg Cuban CC21 castrated male pigs were used to study the effect of feed intake (0... more SUMMARY Nine 40 kg Cuban CC21 castrated male pigs were used to study the effect of feed intake (0.050, 0.100 and 0.150 kg DM/W 0.75 per day respectively) on rectal digestibility of nutrients according to a triple 3x3 Latin square design. The diet was formulated to contain Dglucose and soybean meal plus vitamins and minerals, 63:35:2 in dry basis. The diet was given in one ration per day at 9:00 am. It was found that the animals only ate 76.7% of the offered ration containing the highest feed amount respectively. The difference was highly significant (P<0.001) if compared to the two lowest levels of feed intake (100.0%). A significant (P<0.01) linear effect was encountered for the influencet of feed intake on rectal digestibility of DM (r, -0.851), ash (r, -0.975) and N (r, - 0.830). This effect was less significant (P<0.05) for organic mater and energy digestibility (r, -0.715 and -0.795). The quadratic response for energy digestibility was highly significant (R 2 , 0.999; ...
The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by u... more The direct method of digestibility indices estimation was compared to the indirect technique by use of the acid insoluble acid as natural inner marker in two experiments designed in a factorial arrangement 2x2 with four replications per treatment. In experiment 1, eight Mong Cai pigs of 12.5 to 15.5 kg live weight were utilized. Experiment 2 was conducted with eight Large White pigs of 15.0 and 25.0 kg live weight. In both experiments the diets were formulated with wheat bran and fish meal to contain approximately 18 % crude protein and were offered at the rate of 4.5 kg DM per 100 kg live weight. There was no influence of live weight on digestibility values. In in Mong Cai pigs the indirect method of estimation of digestibility of nutrients appeared to predict slightly higher values than the direct method. This effect was significant only for DM and NDF digestibility. There was no significant influence of live weight or method of determination on any of the measurements conducted i...
A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a ... more A double 3x3 Latin square was designed to study the balance of N in growing Mong Cai pigs with a live weight averaging 15 kg, fed with graded levels (0, 15 and 30% respectively in the diet, in dry basis) of moringa (Moringa oleifera) foliage meal. The foliage was composed of terminal branches (30 cm) including leaves and stems of moringa trees periodically cut within an integrated system of pig production, where the plants were periodically fertilized with effluents from biodigesters charged with pig excreta. Moringa foliage meal determined a slight trend (P<0.10) towards a reduction in some measured digestive indexes, particularly in DM and organic matter, but not in rectal digestibility of crude fiber and N (average of three treatments, 43.0 and 72.7% respectively). The N balance seemed to have a positive influence of the introduction of moringa foliage meal in the diet of pigs. Average value of N retention was 9.23 g/animal per day, and retention as percentage of intake was fr...
Revista Computadorizada de Producción Porcina …, 2008
... Journal of Nutrition, 130:1780-1787 Bun Tean, Keo Sath, Pok Samkol and Ly, J. 2002. ... In: V... more ... Journal of Nutrition, 130:1780-1787 Bun Tean, Keo Sath, Pok Samkol and Ly, J. 2002. ... In: VII Congreso Centroamericano y del Caribe de Porcicultura. La Habana. Electronic version available in compact disc, ISBN 959-7164-90-6 Ly, J., Chhay Ty and Preston, TR 2003. ...
SUMMARY An evaluation was made on the influence of genotype, Cambodian Khondol and Duroc, on perf... more SUMMARY An evaluation was made on the influence of genotype, Cambodian Khondol and Duroc, on performance traits and rectal digestibility indices of eight 10 kg castrate male young pigs fed ad libitum a common, local diet based on wheat bran and fresh water dry fish (Nx6.25, 18% in dry basis). There were no genotype effect (P>0.05) on performance traits of animals, as measured in the current investigation. Overall, a low voluntary feed intake was found (below 1 kg DM/day), and it would be probably due to the hot and wet environment where the pigs were kept (average air temperature at midday was 36 o C). There were no breed effect (P>0.05) on digestibility of DM (76.9 and 74.8%), organic matter (83.4 and 83.2%) and N (75.8 and 76.6%) for Khondol and Duroc animals respectively. Faecal DM digestibility was correlated (R 2 , 0.783; P<0.01) to faecal organic matter digestibility. Faecal output of fresh material was consistently high, with no treatment effect (1 073 and 1 067 g pe...
The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imp... more The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. All rights reserved. Reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product for educational or other non-commercial purposes are authorized without any prior written permission from the copyright holders provided the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of material in this information product for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibi...
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