It is necessary to identify some of the tree and fruit features in order to design and select mac... more It is necessary to identify some of the tree and fruit features in order to design and select machines that harvest fruit with mechanical methods. This work aims to identify the dynamic tree features of vibration rigid and fruit holding force for harvesting with mechanical methods. The work investigated the vibration rigid for both limb and trunk of pistachio tree. Also, it determined the effect of the diameters of limb and trunk on vibration rigid. The ratio of fruit holding force and fruit weight was identified. The results have shown that the vibration rigid of tree increases with the diameter of limb and trunk. At the implications for Siirt type pistachio, at 10,0 ‐ 15,1 cm stem thickness the stiffness rigidity is 219,38 N/cm and at 30,1 ‐ 35,0 cm it is 416,41 N/cm. At another implication for Uzun type pistachio, at 10,0 ‐ 15,1 cm stem thickness the stiffness rigidity is 240,23 N/cm and at 30,1 ‐ 35,0 cm it is 392,42 N/cm. The FDF/W ratio for Uzun cultivar Pistachio Nut varied f...
This study examined the methods adopted in Turkey to remove cotton stalks remaining in the field ... more This study examined the methods adopted in Turkey to remove cotton stalks remaining in the field after the cotton harvest and quantified the efficiency of different mechanized stalk choppers. In this study, the performance of three different types of cotton stalk choppers was assessed (chain-type, splined-type and vertical-blade rotating dredge). Field experiments were conducted with each type to determine the proportion of non-uprooted cotton stalks; mean “post-chopping height” of the stalks, measured from soil surface; and the frequency distribution of the piece length of the stalks scattered around the field or mixed with soil after chopping. In addition, the workforce requirement, using time and fuel consumption of each type of chopper was calculated. The lowest fuel consumption was recorded by the chain-type stalk chopper (5.0 l/da), while the highest fuel consumption was recorded by the vertical-blade rotating dredge (7.1 l/ha). The largest “mean post-chopping piece size” was ...
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of heating process and striking on spl... more The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of heating process and striking on splitting and breaking of pistachio nuts and obtaining their kernels without damage. For this purpose, heating process (350C) was applied to pistachio nuts. Heated nuts were dropped onto the rotating disk and then thrown to strike the wall of the container by centrifuge effect . Striking velocity was adjusted with a rotating disk that was driven by an electrical engine. Three different disk rotations (400, 500 and 600/min) with three different moisture contents of pistachios (6.5, 22.0 and 42.5%) were evaluated in the experiments. Results indicated that the highest splitting rate was obtained as 29.33% at 22.0% moisture content with 400 1/min disk velocity. The most healthy kernel percentage obtained from unsplit pistachio nuts was 25.76% at 6.5% moisture content with 500 1/min disk velocity. Additionally, the study results showed that only the heating process had no affect while heating an...
The mechanical properties of Nonpareil versus Gulcan 101‐23 almond cultivars that have different ... more The mechanical properties of Nonpareil versus Gulcan 101‐23 almond cultivars that have different shell properties were loaded between two parallel plates to determine the rupture force, rupture energy, rupture power requirement, toughness and firmness. The tests were carried out with three moisture contents, namely, 7.2, 22.9 and 33.6% wet basis and three loading axes (x, y, z). Physical characteristics of the almond cultivars such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, volume, surface area and weight were determined. Physical properties of both cultivars increased as a numerical by increasing moisture content. The highest rupture force in all moisture content levels was obtained for almond pit loaded along the y‐axis. In addition to rupture force, values of absorbed energy, toughness, power requirement and firmness were calculated as mechanical properties. The maximum force required to initiate pit rupture was found as maximum 554.3 N at y‐axis for 7.2% m...
The drying characteristics and changing of water activity (A w ) values of Kirmizi and Siirt pist... more The drying characteristics and changing of water activity (A w ) values of Kirmizi and Siirt pistachio cultivars were determined experimentally as a function of drying air temperature and initial moisture content during hot air drying. The drying experiments were conducted using two levels of ...
It is necessary to identify some of the tree and fruit features in order to design and select mac... more It is necessary to identify some of the tree and fruit features in order to design and select machines that harvest fruit with mechanical methods. This work aims to identify the dynamic tree features of vibration rigid and fruit holding force for harvesting with mechanical methods. The work investigated the vibration rigid for both limb and trunk of pistachio tree. Also, it determined the effect of the diameters of limb and trunk on vibration rigid. The ratio of fruit holding force and fruit weight was identified. The results have shown that the vibration rigid of tree increases with the diameter of limb and trunk. At the implications for Siirt type pistachio, at 10,0 ‐ 15,1 cm stem thickness the stiffness rigidity is 219,38 N/cm and at 30,1 ‐ 35,0 cm it is 416,41 N/cm. At another implication for Uzun type pistachio, at 10,0 ‐ 15,1 cm stem thickness the stiffness rigidity is 240,23 N/cm and at 30,1 ‐ 35,0 cm it is 392,42 N/cm. The FDF/W ratio for Uzun cultivar Pistachio Nut varied f...
This study examined the methods adopted in Turkey to remove cotton stalks remaining in the field ... more This study examined the methods adopted in Turkey to remove cotton stalks remaining in the field after the cotton harvest and quantified the efficiency of different mechanized stalk choppers. In this study, the performance of three different types of cotton stalk choppers was assessed (chain-type, splined-type and vertical-blade rotating dredge). Field experiments were conducted with each type to determine the proportion of non-uprooted cotton stalks; mean “post-chopping height” of the stalks, measured from soil surface; and the frequency distribution of the piece length of the stalks scattered around the field or mixed with soil after chopping. In addition, the workforce requirement, using time and fuel consumption of each type of chopper was calculated. The lowest fuel consumption was recorded by the chain-type stalk chopper (5.0 l/da), while the highest fuel consumption was recorded by the vertical-blade rotating dredge (7.1 l/ha). The largest “mean post-chopping piece size” was ...
The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of heating process and striking on spl... more The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of heating process and striking on splitting and breaking of pistachio nuts and obtaining their kernels without damage. For this purpose, heating process (350C) was applied to pistachio nuts. Heated nuts were dropped onto the rotating disk and then thrown to strike the wall of the container by centrifuge effect . Striking velocity was adjusted with a rotating disk that was driven by an electrical engine. Three different disk rotations (400, 500 and 600/min) with three different moisture contents of pistachios (6.5, 22.0 and 42.5%) were evaluated in the experiments. Results indicated that the highest splitting rate was obtained as 29.33% at 22.0% moisture content with 400 1/min disk velocity. The most healthy kernel percentage obtained from unsplit pistachio nuts was 25.76% at 6.5% moisture content with 500 1/min disk velocity. Additionally, the study results showed that only the heating process had no affect while heating an...
The mechanical properties of Nonpareil versus Gulcan 101‐23 almond cultivars that have different ... more The mechanical properties of Nonpareil versus Gulcan 101‐23 almond cultivars that have different shell properties were loaded between two parallel plates to determine the rupture force, rupture energy, rupture power requirement, toughness and firmness. The tests were carried out with three moisture contents, namely, 7.2, 22.9 and 33.6% wet basis and three loading axes (x, y, z). Physical characteristics of the almond cultivars such as length, width, thickness, geometric mean diameter, sphericity, volume, surface area and weight were determined. Physical properties of both cultivars increased as a numerical by increasing moisture content. The highest rupture force in all moisture content levels was obtained for almond pit loaded along the y‐axis. In addition to rupture force, values of absorbed energy, toughness, power requirement and firmness were calculated as mechanical properties. The maximum force required to initiate pit rupture was found as maximum 554.3 N at y‐axis for 7.2% m...
The drying characteristics and changing of water activity (A w ) values of Kirmizi and Siirt pist... more The drying characteristics and changing of water activity (A w ) values of Kirmizi and Siirt pistachio cultivars were determined experimentally as a function of drying air temperature and initial moisture content during hot air drying. The drying experiments were conducted using two levels of ...
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