An experiment was conducted to estimate the lethal dose of the chemical mutagen Ethyl methyl sulp... more An experiment was conducted to estimate the lethal dose of the chemical mutagen Ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) in Kodomillet variety CO 3. Genetically pure seeds were treated with different doses of EMS viz., 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%. Untreated seeds were used as check for comparison. The LD50 values were observed based on growth reduction of seedlings after EMS treatment. The LD50 dose for EMS under in vitro 0.42% and in vivo condition was fixed 0.49% based on probit analysis. As the concentration of EMS increased, there was a decrease in germination, survival rate of seedlings, root length, shoot length, seedling height, vigour index under in vitro conditions and emergence and survival under field (in vivo) conditions in M1 generation as compared to the control.
The chemical fertilizer increases the growth and vigor of the plant, thereby meeting the world... more The chemical fertilizer increases the growth and vigor of the plant, thereby meeting the world's food security, but the plants grown in this way do not develop good plant characteristics, such as a good root system, shooting system, nutritional characteristics, and will not have time to grow and mature properly. In the human body, chemically processed plants accumulate poisonous substances that are very hazardous. The deleterious effect of chemical fertilizers itself begins with the processing of chemicals whose products and by-products are certain harmful chemicals or gases that cause air pollution, such as NH4, CO2, CH4 etc. and when the wastes from the industries are disposed of untreated into nearby water bodies it will cause water pollution. It also includes the most devastating effect of chemical waste accumulation in the water bodies i.e., the water eutrophication. And when added in soil, its continuous use degrades the soil health and quality hence causing the soil pollu...
Owing to the lack of tree roots to absorb water, deforestation causes the earth's soil to was... more Owing to the lack of tree roots to absorb water, deforestation causes the earth's soil to wash off into water supply systems, causing water contamination. Furthermore, the absence of tree roots deprives the soil of essential nutrients required for new vegetation to grow. More carbons are released into the environment by deforestation, climate changes take place and soil is exposed to runoff, thereby encouraging erosion. The trade in wood products is an apparent source of significant revenue for national and local governments as well as traditional rulers and individuals. These are not without serious health consequences. This often comes in the form of export earnings, taxes, royalties and personal income for those engaged either directly or indirectly in the exploitation of these forest products. Secondary sources of data collection were used for this paper.
The present research was focused in the development of photosynthetically efficient (PhE) and non... more The present research was focused in the development of photosynthetically efficient (PhE) and non-lodging mutants by utilizing ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and gamma radiation in the kodomillet variety CO 3, prone to lodging. Striking variations in a number of anatomical characteristics of leaf anatomy for PhE and culm thickness for lodging resistance was recorded in M2 (second mutant) generation. The identified mutants were subjected to transcriptomic studies to understand their molecular basis. Expression profiling was undertaken for pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen—(NADPH) and NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) in the mutants CO 3-100-7-12 (photosynthetically efficient) and in CO 3-200-13-4 (less efficient). For lodging trait, two mutants CO 3-100-18-22 (lodged) and CO 3-300-7-4 (non-lodged) were selected for expression profiling using genes GA2ox6 and Rht-B. The studies confirmed the expression of PPDK increas...
A quantitative assessment of genetic diversity for ten characters in fifty genotypes of soybean h... more A quantitative assessment of genetic diversity for ten characters in fifty genotypes of soybean has been worked out by Mahalanobis's D2 statistics. Fifty genotypes were grouped into six clusters, which revealed that there exists no correlation between the geographical origin and genetic diversity. Maximum 21 genotypes were grouped in cluster III. The clusters V (Co1, Co (Soy)3, CSB 0903) and IV (LU100 and LU133) were the distant clusters, while clusters I (EC 2514 and OS 612) and II (JS 98–62 and LU 89) were the nearest clusters. Yield per plant and number of seeds per plant contributed maximum to the genetic diversity. The clusters V possessed the high mean values for many of the traits. Therefore entries belonging to distantly related clusters can be used in the crossing programme for the development of good recombinants for seed yield.
An experiment was conducted to estimate the lethal dose of the chemical mutagen Ethyl methyl sulp... more An experiment was conducted to estimate the lethal dose of the chemical mutagen Ethyl methyl sulphonate (EMS) in Kodomillet variety CO 3. Genetically pure seeds were treated with different doses of EMS viz., 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0.5%. Untreated seeds were used as check for comparison. The LD50 values were observed based on growth reduction of seedlings after EMS treatment. The LD50 dose for EMS under in vitro 0.42% and in vivo condition was fixed 0.49% based on probit analysis. As the concentration of EMS increased, there was a decrease in germination, survival rate of seedlings, root length, shoot length, seedling height, vigour index under in vitro conditions and emergence and survival under field (in vivo) conditions in M1 generation as compared to the control.
The chemical fertilizer increases the growth and vigor of the plant, thereby meeting the world... more The chemical fertilizer increases the growth and vigor of the plant, thereby meeting the world's food security, but the plants grown in this way do not develop good plant characteristics, such as a good root system, shooting system, nutritional characteristics, and will not have time to grow and mature properly. In the human body, chemically processed plants accumulate poisonous substances that are very hazardous. The deleterious effect of chemical fertilizers itself begins with the processing of chemicals whose products and by-products are certain harmful chemicals or gases that cause air pollution, such as NH4, CO2, CH4 etc. and when the wastes from the industries are disposed of untreated into nearby water bodies it will cause water pollution. It also includes the most devastating effect of chemical waste accumulation in the water bodies i.e., the water eutrophication. And when added in soil, its continuous use degrades the soil health and quality hence causing the soil pollu...
Owing to the lack of tree roots to absorb water, deforestation causes the earth's soil to was... more Owing to the lack of tree roots to absorb water, deforestation causes the earth's soil to wash off into water supply systems, causing water contamination. Furthermore, the absence of tree roots deprives the soil of essential nutrients required for new vegetation to grow. More carbons are released into the environment by deforestation, climate changes take place and soil is exposed to runoff, thereby encouraging erosion. The trade in wood products is an apparent source of significant revenue for national and local governments as well as traditional rulers and individuals. These are not without serious health consequences. This often comes in the form of export earnings, taxes, royalties and personal income for those engaged either directly or indirectly in the exploitation of these forest products. Secondary sources of data collection were used for this paper.
The present research was focused in the development of photosynthetically efficient (PhE) and non... more The present research was focused in the development of photosynthetically efficient (PhE) and non-lodging mutants by utilizing ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and gamma radiation in the kodomillet variety CO 3, prone to lodging. Striking variations in a number of anatomical characteristics of leaf anatomy for PhE and culm thickness for lodging resistance was recorded in M2 (second mutant) generation. The identified mutants were subjected to transcriptomic studies to understand their molecular basis. Expression profiling was undertaken for pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK), Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate Hydrogen—(NADPH) and NADP-dependent malate dehydrogenase (NADP-MDH) in the mutants CO 3-100-7-12 (photosynthetically efficient) and in CO 3-200-13-4 (less efficient). For lodging trait, two mutants CO 3-100-18-22 (lodged) and CO 3-300-7-4 (non-lodged) were selected for expression profiling using genes GA2ox6 and Rht-B. The studies confirmed the expression of PPDK increas...
A quantitative assessment of genetic diversity for ten characters in fifty genotypes of soybean h... more A quantitative assessment of genetic diversity for ten characters in fifty genotypes of soybean has been worked out by Mahalanobis's D2 statistics. Fifty genotypes were grouped into six clusters, which revealed that there exists no correlation between the geographical origin and genetic diversity. Maximum 21 genotypes were grouped in cluster III. The clusters V (Co1, Co (Soy)3, CSB 0903) and IV (LU100 and LU133) were the distant clusters, while clusters I (EC 2514 and OS 612) and II (JS 98–62 and LU 89) were the nearest clusters. Yield per plant and number of seeds per plant contributed maximum to the genetic diversity. The clusters V possessed the high mean values for many of the traits. Therefore entries belonging to distantly related clusters can be used in the crossing programme for the development of good recombinants for seed yield.
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