Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-t... more Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-thiazines is reported. The envisaged synthetic strategy involves the reaction of d -glucose/ d -xylose and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one with AcONH 4 /RNH 2 in task specific ionic liquid (TSIL), [bmim]SCN which afforded thiosugar annulated 1,3-thiazines in excellent yields (83–93%). The reaction is effected via ionic liquid promoted Michael addition followed by mercaptoacetylative ring transformation in a one-pot procedure and the ionic liquid, [bmim]OH could be easily recycled for further use without any loss of efficiency and be used for the synthesis of [bmim]SCN, thus allowing recycling of the TSIL for further use.
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), Jan 12, 2011
The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous e... more The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits on diabetes induced oxidative stress of severely diabetic rats. Its effect on gene expression level of the tissue—specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) was also studied. The dose of 1000mg/kg bw of T. dioica extract was administered orally once a day for 28 days to severely diabetic rats. Various oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in selected tissues of control as well as treated diabetic rats. The elevated level of lipid peroxidation was decreased and the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were increased significantly (p<0.05) in treated rats. Diabetes induced increased expression levels of drug metabolizing gene viz CYP 450 were drastically inhibited after the treatment. Thus the inhibition of gene expression level can be correlated with the exo...
The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic ce... more The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic cells of 6 inbred lines of maize were tested in terms of cytological abnormalities. Meiosis was normal under control conditions. During the treatments with mercury and cadmium there was a concentration-dependent increase in meiotic abnormalities in all the inbred lines. A wide spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in the treated sets was stickiness, followed by laggards, bridges, scattering, precocious movement, fragments, etc. Maximum chromosomal anomalies were observed in inbred line CM-142 in both the treatment sets of heavy metals. Compared to CdCl 2 , HgCl 2 induced more chromosomal damage in all the inbreds. Of the 6 inbreds examined during the present investigation, CM-138 was the most tolerant to both heavy metals, while CM-142 was the least resistant.
Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is k... more Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is known to contain free sugars, the fruit extract showed hypoglycaemic effect in alloxan treated mice and human subjects. The present study was aimed to determine the glycaemic potential of P. guajava fruit peel extract on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocininduced sub-diabetic rats during fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). Female albino Wistar rats (n=42) were divided into seven equal groups, and were given different doses of fruit peel extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (ip) at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured after collecting the blood from tail veins. The diabetic and sub-diabetic models showed hyperglycaemic effect from a single oral administration of variable doses of P. guajava fruit peel extract. The maximum rise of 26.51 per cent was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg bw exa...
Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of in... more Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of individuals with pathologic complications. It can also serve as a meaningful target to study toxicant/xenobiotic-induced damages. We have prepared different concentrations of a carbamate pesticide (carbofuran) and carried out experiments to determine its toxicity on erythrocytes in terms of mean erythrocyte fragility (MEF). We observed a significant alteration in the osmotic fragility upon treatment with carbofuran. In our earlier studies we have observed a good correlation between OF and OS in diabetic subjects. Study reveals OF as a potential biomarker of oxidative membrane damage in pathologic conditions as well as toxicant/xenobiotic/pesticide-induced oxidative membrane damage to erythrocytes.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guaja... more This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava unripe fruit peel on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocin induced mild and severely diabetic rats as an extension of our previous work carried out on Psidium guajava ripe fruit peel. The aqueous extract of P. guajava unripe fruits was prepared. Male 6-8 wk old albino Wistar rats were selected for the experiments. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin infection. Blood glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method. Antihyperglycaemic activity of the extract was assessed in mild and severely diabetic rats. The maximum fall of 21.2 per cent (P<0.01) and 26.9 per cent (P<0.01) after 3 h of glucose administration during glucose tolerance test (GTT) was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg, identified as the most effective dose, in normal and mild diabetic rats respectively. In severely diabetic rats the maximum fall of 20.8 and 17.5 per cent in fasting ...
The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fru... more The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fruit peel aqueous extract in streptozotocin (STZ) induced severely diabetic rats by assaying their triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), asperate amino transeferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and creatanine (CRTN) levels. Severely diabetic albino Wister rats of same age group were treated orally once a day upto 3wk with a dose of 400 mg/kg bw of lyophilized extract. TG, TC, HDL, ALKP, AST, ALT and CRTN were estimated. LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were calculated from the above measurements by using Friedwald formula. A significant decrease in TG (P<0.01), TC (P<0.01), HDL (P<0.001) VLDL (P<0.001) and LDL (P<0.01), ALKP (P<0.01), AST (P<0.05), ALT (P<0.05) and CRTN (P<0.001) levels were observed after 21 days treatment of aquous extract of raw fruit peel compared to pre tr...
Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2007
The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) ... more The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal & diabetic rats. The dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight produces a significant rise of 28.3% in blood glucose level after 6h of oral administration in normal rats. Whereas, in sub diabetic rats the same dose produces a rise of 16.4% in blood glucose levels within 1h during glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a rise of 16% after 4 h in fasting blood glucose levels of severe diabetic cases. These results were unexpected and important to report as other species of Musa like Musa sapientum has been reported for its hypoglycemic effect.
Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2009
The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against h... more The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against hepatic complications in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic models. Effect of the pre identified most effective dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was studied on hepatic injury caused by chemically induced diabetes by 55 mg/kg body weight i.p. injection of STZ in male Wistar rats. The dose of 500mg/kg body weight given once daily for 14 days reduced the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urine sugar significantly (P<0.05) with increase in total protein, haemoglobin and body weight was increased. High LD(50) validates its high margin of safety.
Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-t... more Abstract An unprecedented multi-component reaction for the synthesis of thiosugar-annulated 1,3-thiazines is reported. The envisaged synthetic strategy involves the reaction of d -glucose/ d -xylose and 2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-oxathiolan-5-one with AcONH 4 /RNH 2 in task specific ionic liquid (TSIL), [bmim]SCN which afforded thiosugar annulated 1,3-thiazines in excellent yields (83–93%). The reaction is effected via ionic liquid promoted Michael addition followed by mercaptoacetylative ring transformation in a one-pot procedure and the ionic liquid, [bmim]OH could be easily recycled for further use without any loss of efficiency and be used for the synthesis of [bmim]SCN, thus allowing recycling of the TSIL for further use.
Cellular and molecular biology (Noisy-le-Grand, France), Jan 12, 2011
The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous e... more The present study is a systematic and scientific evaluation of antioxidant potential of aqueous extract of Trichosanthes dioica fruits on diabetes induced oxidative stress of severely diabetic rats. Its effect on gene expression level of the tissue—specific cytochrome P450 (CYP) was also studied. The dose of 1000mg/kg bw of T. dioica extract was administered orally once a day for 28 days to severely diabetic rats. Various oxidative stress parameters were analyzed in selected tissues of control as well as treated diabetic rats. The elevated level of lipid peroxidation was decreased and the decreased activities of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase were increased significantly (p<0.05) in treated rats. Diabetes induced increased expression levels of drug metabolizing gene viz CYP 450 were drastically inhibited after the treatment. Thus the inhibition of gene expression level can be correlated with the exo...
The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic ce... more The genotoxic effects of 2 heavy metals (mercury chloride and cadmium chloride) on the gametic cells of 6 inbred lines of maize were tested in terms of cytological abnormalities. Meiosis was normal under control conditions. During the treatments with mercury and cadmium there was a concentration-dependent increase in meiotic abnormalities in all the inbred lines. A wide spectrum of chromosomal aberrations in the treated sets was stickiness, followed by laggards, bridges, scattering, precocious movement, fragments, etc. Maximum chromosomal anomalies were observed in inbred line CM-142 in both the treatment sets of heavy metals. Compared to CdCl 2 , HgCl 2 induced more chromosomal damage in all the inbreds. Of the 6 inbreds examined during the present investigation, CM-138 was the most tolerant to both heavy metals, while CM-142 was the least resistant.
Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is k... more Many plant polysaccharides exhibit hypoglycaemic effect. Though the fruit of Psidium guajava is known to contain free sugars, the fruit extract showed hypoglycaemic effect in alloxan treated mice and human subjects. The present study was aimed to determine the glycaemic potential of P. guajava fruit peel extract on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocininduced sub-diabetic rats during fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glucose tolerance test (GTT). Female albino Wistar rats (n=42) were divided into seven equal groups, and were given different doses of fruit peel extract. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection (ip) at a dose of 45 mg/kg body weight. Blood glucose levels were measured after collecting the blood from tail veins. The diabetic and sub-diabetic models showed hyperglycaemic effect from a single oral administration of variable doses of P. guajava fruit peel extract. The maximum rise of 26.51 per cent was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg bw exa...
Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of in... more Erythrocytes are readily available cells and a good model system to study the health status of individuals with pathologic complications. It can also serve as a meaningful target to study toxicant/xenobiotic-induced damages. We have prepared different concentrations of a carbamate pesticide (carbofuran) and carried out experiments to determine its toxicity on erythrocytes in terms of mean erythrocyte fragility (MEF). We observed a significant alteration in the osmotic fragility upon treatment with carbofuran. In our earlier studies we have observed a good correlation between OF and OS in diabetic subjects. Study reveals OF as a potential biomarker of oxidative membrane damage in pathologic conditions as well as toxicant/xenobiotic/pesticide-induced oxidative membrane damage to erythrocytes.
This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guaja... more This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of aqueous extract of Psidium guajava unripe fruit peel on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal and streptozotocin induced mild and severely diabetic rats as an extension of our previous work carried out on Psidium guajava ripe fruit peel. The aqueous extract of P. guajava unripe fruits was prepared. Male 6-8 wk old albino Wistar rats were selected for the experiments. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin infection. Blood glucose levels were measured by glucose oxidase method. Antihyperglycaemic activity of the extract was assessed in mild and severely diabetic rats. The maximum fall of 21.2 per cent (P<0.01) and 26.9 per cent (P<0.01) after 3 h of glucose administration during glucose tolerance test (GTT) was observed in BGL from a dose of 400 mg/kg, identified as the most effective dose, in normal and mild diabetic rats respectively. In severely diabetic rats the maximum fall of 20.8 and 17.5 per cent in fasting ...
The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fru... more The study evaluated the hypolipidaemic and hepatoprotective effects of unripe Psidium guajava fruit peel aqueous extract in streptozotocin (STZ) induced severely diabetic rats by assaying their triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), asperate amino transeferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and creatanine (CRTN) levels. Severely diabetic albino Wister rats of same age group were treated orally once a day upto 3wk with a dose of 400 mg/kg bw of lyophilized extract. TG, TC, HDL, ALKP, AST, ALT and CRTN were estimated. LDL and VLDL cholesterol levels were calculated from the above measurements by using Friedwald formula. A significant decrease in TG (P<0.01), TC (P<0.01), HDL (P<0.001) VLDL (P<0.001) and LDL (P<0.01), ALKP (P<0.01), AST (P<0.05), ALT (P<0.05) and CRTN (P<0.001) levels were observed after 21 days treatment of aquous extract of raw fruit peel compared to pre tr...
Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2007
The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) ... more The present study reveals the effect of Musa paradisiaca stem juice on blood glucose level (BGL) of normal & diabetic rats. The dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight produces a significant rise of 28.3% in blood glucose level after 6h of oral administration in normal rats. Whereas, in sub diabetic rats the same dose produces a rise of 16.4% in blood glucose levels within 1h during glucose tolerance test (GTT) and a rise of 16% after 4 h in fasting blood glucose levels of severe diabetic cases. These results were unexpected and important to report as other species of Musa like Musa sapientum has been reported for its hypoglycemic effect.
Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB, 2009
The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against h... more The aim of the study was to ascertain the role of ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon against hepatic complications in streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 2 diabetic models. Effect of the pre identified most effective dose of 500 mg/kg body weight was studied on hepatic injury caused by chemically induced diabetes by 55 mg/kg body weight i.p. injection of STZ in male Wistar rats. The dose of 500mg/kg body weight given once daily for 14 days reduced the levels of serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and urine sugar significantly (P<0.05) with increase in total protein, haemoglobin and body weight was increased. High LD(50) validates its high margin of safety.
Uploads
Papers by Prashant Kumar Rai