Abstract This study focuses on Reinforced Concrete infilled frames that are related with the high... more Abstract This study focuses on Reinforced Concrete infilled frames that are related with the high-rise buildings for analyzing the seismic effects. The high-rise buildings are focusing more on seismic effect due to the failure in masonry infills. The failures in the masonry infills are studied by many authors and the stiffness are also increased to overcome this issue. The stiffness was improved by inserting an elastic material at the interface portion of RC element and Masonry infills. So that the rigidity was reduced at the point of interface and the stiffness were also improved by many researchers. Here in this study the masonry infills are studied by real time manner by placing the window opening in the masonry infills. These effects were also studied by some authors but this study deals with optimizing the size of the windows and location of the window for development of stiffness property. The stiffness behavior is studied when the lateral pressure is introduced to the frame as a static monotonic loading.
2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science, 2008
We show in theory that the down-converted photon-pairs carry extrinsic orbital angular momentum i... more We show in theory that the down-converted photon-pairs carry extrinsic orbital angular momentum in the degrees of freedom of relative movement of one photon with respect to its twin in type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion.
The aim of the present research work is to design and evaluate controlled release transdermal pat... more The aim of the present research work is to design and evaluate controlled release transdermal patches of selected cardiovascular drug losartan. Under with aim, the following major or broad objectives have been set to design and formulate matrix and membrane moderated based transdermal patch of losartan by solvent evaporation method using a few selected polymers as permeation enhancers such as HPMC, PVA, PVP, DMSO, DMF, Oleic acid, and Eudragit as release retardant for controlled release. To optimize the prepared formulations by different trial approaches. Losartan was chosen as a model drug for study since it possess near ideal characteristic that a drug must have in formulating a drug delivery system such as low molecular weight, high lipid solubility, effective in low plasma concentration as well as high degree of first-pass effect and short oral half-life of 1.5-2h has made the drug a suitable candidate for transdermal delivery. It also means multiple administrations with subsequ...
ABSTRACT We report on a high rate, ultra-low timing jitter, short optical pulse generator based o... more ABSTRACT We report on a high rate, ultra-low timing jitter, short optical pulse generator based on cascaded amplitude and phase modulation in an optoelectronic oscillator. The radio-frequency supermodes are shown to be greatly suppressed with the dual-loop architecture, and a highly coherent and flat optical frequency comb is generated. Optical pulses of 12.8 ps duration are obtained with 27.5 fs integrated timing jitter from 100 Hz to 10 MHz.
The semi classical theory of photo detection treats the electromagnetic field as a classical enti... more The semi classical theory of photo detection treats the electromagnetic field as a classical entity and assumes that the fundamental noise observed in converting a light beam into an electrical current is the shot noise associated with the discreteness of the electron charge. Statistically, this leads to a conditional Poisson-process model for direct detection, i.e., given knowledge of the short- time average optical power illuminating the active region of the photo detector, the resulting photoemissions are Poisson distributed. From this model the signal plus additive white Gaussian noise models for optical homodyne and heterodyne (coherent optical) detection are easily derived
Light is one of the most important environmental parameters for a plant and plays a critical role... more Light is one of the most important environmental parameters for a plant and plays a critical role throughout the life cycle. Plants sense light using the red‐light‐absorbing phytochromes and the blue‐light‐absorbing cryptochromes and phototropins. In this report, we examine the role of phytochromes in phototropism and gravitropism in inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana. Tropisms and growth responses were assayed in wild‐type (WT) plants, and these responses were compared with those of the mutants phyA, phyB, phyAB, phyD and phyE. After considering growth differences, we found that phototropism of the phyE mutant is significantly less (P < 0.05) and that gravitropism of phyB and phyE is significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared with the WT responses. Interestingly, while phyE plays a positive role in phototropism, this pigment (along with phyB) attenuates gravitropism in inflorescence stems. This study adds to the growing literature demonstrating that phytochromes can p...
... optical parametric amplifier Chonghoon Kim, Ruo-Ding Li, and Prem Kumar ... At a repetition r... more ... optical parametric amplifier Chonghoon Kim, Ruo-Ding Li, and Prem Kumar ... At a repetition rate of 1.1 kHz the Q-switched envelopes of the harmonic and fundamental pulses are =4150 and =270 ns, respectively, in duration. ...
Temporally incoherent twin beams of light are generated by means of an optical parametric amplifi... more Temporally incoherent twin beams of light are generated by means of an optical parametric amplifier that is pumped by the second harmonic of a Q-switched multi-longitudinal-mode Nd:YAG laser. For a parametric gain of 1·12, the intensity noise levels on the direct-detected signal and idler twin beams are found to be correlated by 1·4 dB, whereas the subtracted noise falls below the quantum limit by 0·7 ± 0·1 dB (15%). Although no direct coherence experiment is performed on the twin beams themselves, their temporal incoherence is manifested by the stringent path-length matching requirement between the pump and input signal beams.
Abstract This study focuses on Reinforced Concrete infilled frames that are related with the high... more Abstract This study focuses on Reinforced Concrete infilled frames that are related with the high-rise buildings for analyzing the seismic effects. The high-rise buildings are focusing more on seismic effect due to the failure in masonry infills. The failures in the masonry infills are studied by many authors and the stiffness are also increased to overcome this issue. The stiffness was improved by inserting an elastic material at the interface portion of RC element and Masonry infills. So that the rigidity was reduced at the point of interface and the stiffness were also improved by many researchers. Here in this study the masonry infills are studied by real time manner by placing the window opening in the masonry infills. These effects were also studied by some authors but this study deals with optimizing the size of the windows and location of the window for development of stiffness property. The stiffness behavior is studied when the lateral pressure is introduced to the frame as a static monotonic loading.
2008 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics and 2008 Conference on Quantum Electronics and Laser Science, 2008
We show in theory that the down-converted photon-pairs carry extrinsic orbital angular momentum i... more We show in theory that the down-converted photon-pairs carry extrinsic orbital angular momentum in the degrees of freedom of relative movement of one photon with respect to its twin in type-II spontaneous parametric down-conversion.
The aim of the present research work is to design and evaluate controlled release transdermal pat... more The aim of the present research work is to design and evaluate controlled release transdermal patches of selected cardiovascular drug losartan. Under with aim, the following major or broad objectives have been set to design and formulate matrix and membrane moderated based transdermal patch of losartan by solvent evaporation method using a few selected polymers as permeation enhancers such as HPMC, PVA, PVP, DMSO, DMF, Oleic acid, and Eudragit as release retardant for controlled release. To optimize the prepared formulations by different trial approaches. Losartan was chosen as a model drug for study since it possess near ideal characteristic that a drug must have in formulating a drug delivery system such as low molecular weight, high lipid solubility, effective in low plasma concentration as well as high degree of first-pass effect and short oral half-life of 1.5-2h has made the drug a suitable candidate for transdermal delivery. It also means multiple administrations with subsequ...
ABSTRACT We report on a high rate, ultra-low timing jitter, short optical pulse generator based o... more ABSTRACT We report on a high rate, ultra-low timing jitter, short optical pulse generator based on cascaded amplitude and phase modulation in an optoelectronic oscillator. The radio-frequency supermodes are shown to be greatly suppressed with the dual-loop architecture, and a highly coherent and flat optical frequency comb is generated. Optical pulses of 12.8 ps duration are obtained with 27.5 fs integrated timing jitter from 100 Hz to 10 MHz.
The semi classical theory of photo detection treats the electromagnetic field as a classical enti... more The semi classical theory of photo detection treats the electromagnetic field as a classical entity and assumes that the fundamental noise observed in converting a light beam into an electrical current is the shot noise associated with the discreteness of the electron charge. Statistically, this leads to a conditional Poisson-process model for direct detection, i.e., given knowledge of the short- time average optical power illuminating the active region of the photo detector, the resulting photoemissions are Poisson distributed. From this model the signal plus additive white Gaussian noise models for optical homodyne and heterodyne (coherent optical) detection are easily derived
Light is one of the most important environmental parameters for a plant and plays a critical role... more Light is one of the most important environmental parameters for a plant and plays a critical role throughout the life cycle. Plants sense light using the red‐light‐absorbing phytochromes and the blue‐light‐absorbing cryptochromes and phototropins. In this report, we examine the role of phytochromes in phototropism and gravitropism in inflorescence stems of Arabidopsis thaliana. Tropisms and growth responses were assayed in wild‐type (WT) plants, and these responses were compared with those of the mutants phyA, phyB, phyAB, phyD and phyE. After considering growth differences, we found that phototropism of the phyE mutant is significantly less (P < 0.05) and that gravitropism of phyB and phyE is significantly greater (P < 0.05) compared with the WT responses. Interestingly, while phyE plays a positive role in phototropism, this pigment (along with phyB) attenuates gravitropism in inflorescence stems. This study adds to the growing literature demonstrating that phytochromes can p...
... optical parametric amplifier Chonghoon Kim, Ruo-Ding Li, and Prem Kumar ... At a repetition r... more ... optical parametric amplifier Chonghoon Kim, Ruo-Ding Li, and Prem Kumar ... At a repetition rate of 1.1 kHz the Q-switched envelopes of the harmonic and fundamental pulses are =4150 and =270 ns, respectively, in duration. ...
Temporally incoherent twin beams of light are generated by means of an optical parametric amplifi... more Temporally incoherent twin beams of light are generated by means of an optical parametric amplifier that is pumped by the second harmonic of a Q-switched multi-longitudinal-mode Nd:YAG laser. For a parametric gain of 1·12, the intensity noise levels on the direct-detected signal and idler twin beams are found to be correlated by 1·4 dB, whereas the subtracted noise falls below the quantum limit by 0·7 ± 0·1 dB (15%). Although no direct coherence experiment is performed on the twin beams themselves, their temporal incoherence is manifested by the stringent path-length matching requirement between the pump and input signal beams.
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Papers by Prem Kumar