Attorneys and legal practitioners spend inordinate amounts of time reading case-law documents, tr... more Attorneys and legal practitioners spend inordinate amounts of time reading case-law documents, trying to find relevant, precedential or exemplary decisions that support particular patterns of claims made in adjudicatory matters on behalf of their clients. To ameliorate this ubiquitous problem, we have crafted a Legal and Regulatory domain-specific ontology that works in tandem with our enterprise upper ontology. Up until recently, attorneys have relied and trusted books (including digital books) over more modern ways of consuming information. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an erosion of the belief in the need for information to be delivered in book form [2]. As legal professionals are used to retrieving granular information in their personal search engine of choice (most start with Google), they come to expect similar capabilities from their legal search engine, which requires extracting more domain-specific insights from jurisprudence when using research p...
Wolters Kluwer (WK) is a global provider of information, software and services for legal, tax, ac... more Wolters Kluwer (WK) is a global provider of information, software and services for legal, tax, accounting, health, and risk and compliance professionals. WK’s strategy [1] involves continuous innovation and expansion of expert solutions, including extensive use of domain knowledge, increasingly represented in the WK Knowledge Graph (KG). KGs are a flexible knowledge representation paradigm intended to facilitate the processing of knowledge for both humans and machines. They are based on standard Semantic Web technologies and are widely regarded as a key enabler for several increasingly popular use cases, including Web search, question answering, personal assistants and enabling other AI-based applications across most industry sectors, including the legal market. KGs are quite often generic, fragmented and incomplete, which limits their usage and coverage potential. In an industrial environment, knowledge models like KGs, controlled vocabularies and thesauri need to be combined from ...
This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in... more This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in the legal domain. The information contained in legal information systems are often accessed through simple keyword interfaces and presented as a simple list of hits. In order to improve search accuracy one may avail of knowledge graphs, where the semantics of the data can be made explicit. Significant research effort has been invested in the area of building knowledge graphs from semi-structured text documents, such as XML, with the prevailing approach being the use of mapping languages. In this paper, we present a semantic model for representing legal documents together with an industrial use case. We also present a set of use case requirements based on the proposed semantic model, which are used to compare and discuss the use of state-of-the-art mapping languages for building knowledge graphs for legal data.
There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing serv... more There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing services. As a result, designers must consider the life-cycle costs. In the aero industry, for example, this must be considered as well as weight, performance and manufacturing cost. The IPAS (Integrated Products and Services) project is intended to utilise Semantic Web technologies in order to provide feedback of information/knowledge acquired during operation of a product to the product's designers, and also to reuse knowledge from previous product designs. As part of IPAS, ontologies describing the products and processes have been created in order to allow service knowledge to be represented and shared. The design and implementation of these ontologies, and their planned future evolution, is described here. We also try to draw some lessons from our experiences.
This paper describes a set of tools which allow the large number of ontologies available on the S... more This paper describes a set of tools which allow the large number of ontologies available on the Semantic Web to be discovered and reused for other applications (both in the Semantic Web and by the larger knowledge engineering community). Firstly, these tools address the problem of finding an existing ontology, with given characteristics. Secondly, we discuss tools which allow the knowledge engineer to detect and repair errors which occur in the ontology’s vocabulary (CleOn) or are related to logical coherency/inconsistency (RepairTab). Once a knowledge engineer is satisfied that the ontology is lexically and semantically consistent, then he/she can extend the ontology if the application requires that. Once the extension has been done, it again would be prudent to use those same tools to check that the resulting ontology is consistent.
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Such interop- erability can be achieved by identifying similar information in heteroge- neous ontologies. In this paper, we describe the Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from ex- isting ontology mapping approaches by using description logic reasoning (i) to extract implicit information as background knowledge for every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate mappings from an alignment. The results of our evaluation show that the use of Description Logic in the ontology matching task increases coverage.
Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Semantic Web. We describe and appraise the ... more Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Semantic Web. We describe and appraise the OntoClean methodology and the difierent implementations available to evaluate taxonomic relationships in ontologies. We propose a new system, CleanONTO, which uses deflnitions to describe each concept, where deflnitions are paths from the concept to the root node of the ontology. In the current study, these deflnitions (paths) have been extracted from WordNet.
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Ontology matching has been recognised as a means to achieve semantic interoperability on the Web by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. Existing ontology matching approaches have two major limitations. The first limitation relates to similarity metrics, which provide a pessimistic value when considering complex objects such as strings and conceptual entities. The second limitation relates to the role of description logic reasoning. In particular, most approaches disregard implicit information about entities as a source of background knowledge. In this thesis, we first present a new similarity function, called the degree of commonality coefficient, to compute the overlap between two sets based on the similarity between their elements. The results of our evaluations show that the degree of commonality performs better than traditional set similar...
Ontology mapping has been recognised as an important approach to identifying similar information ... more Ontology mapping has been recognised as an important approach to identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. The Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) approach relies on DL reasoning (i) to extract background knowledge about every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate correspondences from an alignment. The main assumption is that the use of this background knowledge reduces erroneous mappings, thus increasing coverage. In this paper, we provide an overview of KOSIMap, and present the result of our system for its first participation to the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI).
This paper reviews the perennial problem of knowledge management / information integration in lar... more This paper reviews the perennial problem of knowledge management / information integration in large scale, complex and knowledge intensive organisations such as automotive industries. Automotive industry is under increased pressure to produce low cost customised products using innovative agile manufacturing techniques. Presently this in-novation has focused on the improved process development between different stages of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). However in terms of implementation the application data management techniques have lagged behind leaving these processes disjointed and lacking in automation. Assembly line design and configuration consist of highly creative and complex tasks that involve extensive communication and information exchange among distributed teams. At Ford the assembly line design or reconfiguration process rely on PLM system to provide necessary information. This paper proposes an improved model based on innovation in the PLM to quickly adapt to the n...
Ontologies are vital for the achievement of the Semantic Web. Given their central role it is high... more Ontologies are vital for the achievement of the Semantic Web. Given their central role it is highly desirable that ontologies be evaluated and made consistent. Several evaluation approaches investi-gate whether an ontology is "fit for purpose". Further approaches focus on the consistency of the axioms populating the ontology. More specifi-cally, the OntoClean methodology determines the adequacy of taxonomic relationships based on the philosophical interpretation of concepts. By contrast, we propose a new evaluation approach, CleOn, which evaluates the adequacy of taxonomic relationships between sub-concept concept pairs. This method effectively processes the linguistic information inher-ent in class names, and defines a lexical path for each concept in the taxonomy in terms of its immediate parent, and recursively for all terms back to the thesaurus's root node. The lexical adequacy of a link between a parent and a child concept is then defined in terms of their lexica...
There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing serv... more There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing services. As a result, designers must consider the life-cycle costs. In the aero industry, for example, this must be considered as well as weight, performance and manufacturing cost. The IPAS (Integrated Products and Services) project is intended to utilise Semantic Web technologies in order to provide feedback of information/knowledge acquired during operation of a product to the product's designers, and also to reuse knowledge from previous product designs. As part of IPAS, ontologies describing the products and processes have been created in order to allow service knowledge to be represented and shared. The design and implementation of these ontologies, and their planned future evolution, is described here. We also try to draw some lessons from our experiences.
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Ontology matching has been recognised as a means to achieve semantic interoperability on the Web by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. Existing ontology matching approaches have two major limitations. The first limitation relates to similarity metrics, which provide a pessimistic value when considering complex objects such as strings and conceptual entities. The second limitation relates to the role of description logic reasoning. In particular, most approaches disregard implicit information about entities as a source of background knowledge. In this thesis, we first present a new similarity function, called the degree of commonality coefficient, to compute the overlap between two sets based on the similarity between their elements. The results of our evaluations show that the degree of commonality performs better than traditional set similarity...
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Such interoperability can be achieved by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. In this paper, we describe the knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from existing ontology mapping approaches by using description logic reasoning (i) to extract implicit information as background knowledge for every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate mappings from an alignment. The results of our evaluation show that the use of Description Logic in the ontology matching task increases coverage.
Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Seman-tic Web. We describe and appraise the... more Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Seman-tic Web. We describe and appraise the OntoClean method-ology and the different implementations available to eval-uate taxonomic relationships in ontologies. We propose a new system, CleanONTO, which uses definitions to describe each concept, where definitions are paths from the concept to the root node of the ontology. In the current study, these definitions (paths) have been extracted from WordNet.
Attorneys and legal practitioners spend inordinate amounts of time reading case-law documents, tr... more Attorneys and legal practitioners spend inordinate amounts of time reading case-law documents, trying to find relevant, precedential or exemplary decisions that support particular patterns of claims made in adjudicatory matters on behalf of their clients. To ameliorate this ubiquitous problem, we have crafted a Legal and Regulatory domain-specific ontology that works in tandem with our enterprise upper ontology. Up until recently, attorneys have relied and trusted books (including digital books) over more modern ways of consuming information. Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been an erosion of the belief in the need for information to be delivered in book form [2]. As legal professionals are used to retrieving granular information in their personal search engine of choice (most start with Google), they come to expect similar capabilities from their legal search engine, which requires extracting more domain-specific insights from jurisprudence when using research p...
Wolters Kluwer (WK) is a global provider of information, software and services for legal, tax, ac... more Wolters Kluwer (WK) is a global provider of information, software and services for legal, tax, accounting, health, and risk and compliance professionals. WK’s strategy [1] involves continuous innovation and expansion of expert solutions, including extensive use of domain knowledge, increasingly represented in the WK Knowledge Graph (KG). KGs are a flexible knowledge representation paradigm intended to facilitate the processing of knowledge for both humans and machines. They are based on standard Semantic Web technologies and are widely regarded as a key enabler for several increasingly popular use cases, including Web search, question answering, personal assistants and enabling other AI-based applications across most industry sectors, including the legal market. KGs are quite often generic, fragmented and incomplete, which limits their usage and coverage potential. In an industrial environment, knowledge models like KGs, controlled vocabularies and thesauri need to be combined from ...
This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in... more This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in the legal domain. The information contained in legal information systems are often accessed through simple keyword interfaces and presented as a simple list of hits. In order to improve search accuracy one may avail of knowledge graphs, where the semantics of the data can be made explicit. Significant research effort has been invested in the area of building knowledge graphs from semi-structured text documents, such as XML, with the prevailing approach being the use of mapping languages. In this paper, we present a semantic model for representing legal documents together with an industrial use case. We also present a set of use case requirements based on the proposed semantic model, which are used to compare and discuss the use of state-of-the-art mapping languages for building knowledge graphs for legal data.
There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing serv... more There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing services. As a result, designers must consider the life-cycle costs. In the aero industry, for example, this must be considered as well as weight, performance and manufacturing cost. The IPAS (Integrated Products and Services) project is intended to utilise Semantic Web technologies in order to provide feedback of information/knowledge acquired during operation of a product to the product's designers, and also to reuse knowledge from previous product designs. As part of IPAS, ontologies describing the products and processes have been created in order to allow service knowledge to be represented and shared. The design and implementation of these ontologies, and their planned future evolution, is described here. We also try to draw some lessons from our experiences.
This paper describes a set of tools which allow the large number of ontologies available on the S... more This paper describes a set of tools which allow the large number of ontologies available on the Semantic Web to be discovered and reused for other applications (both in the Semantic Web and by the larger knowledge engineering community). Firstly, these tools address the problem of finding an existing ontology, with given characteristics. Secondly, we discuss tools which allow the knowledge engineer to detect and repair errors which occur in the ontology’s vocabulary (CleOn) or are related to logical coherency/inconsistency (RepairTab). Once a knowledge engineer is satisfied that the ontology is lexically and semantically consistent, then he/she can extend the ontology if the application requires that. Once the extension has been done, it again would be prudent to use those same tools to check that the resulting ontology is consistent.
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Such interop- erability can be achieved by identifying similar information in heteroge- neous ontologies. In this paper, we describe the Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from ex- isting ontology mapping approaches by using description logic reasoning (i) to extract implicit information as background knowledge for every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate mappings from an alignment. The results of our evaluation show that the use of Description Logic in the ontology matching task increases coverage.
Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Semantic Web. We describe and appraise the ... more Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Semantic Web. We describe and appraise the OntoClean methodology and the difierent implementations available to evaluate taxonomic relationships in ontologies. We propose a new system, CleanONTO, which uses deflnitions to describe each concept, where deflnitions are paths from the concept to the root node of the ontology. In the current study, these deflnitions (paths) have been extracted from WordNet.
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Ontology matching has been recognised as a means to achieve semantic interoperability on the Web by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. Existing ontology matching approaches have two major limitations. The first limitation relates to similarity metrics, which provide a pessimistic value when considering complex objects such as strings and conceptual entities. The second limitation relates to the role of description logic reasoning. In particular, most approaches disregard implicit information about entities as a source of background knowledge. In this thesis, we first present a new similarity function, called the degree of commonality coefficient, to compute the overlap between two sets based on the similarity between their elements. The results of our evaluations show that the degree of commonality performs better than traditional set similar...
Ontology mapping has been recognised as an important approach to identifying similar information ... more Ontology mapping has been recognised as an important approach to identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. The Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) approach relies on DL reasoning (i) to extract background knowledge about every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate correspondences from an alignment. The main assumption is that the use of this background knowledge reduces erroneous mappings, thus increasing coverage. In this paper, we provide an overview of KOSIMap, and present the result of our system for its first participation to the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI).
This paper reviews the perennial problem of knowledge management / information integration in lar... more This paper reviews the perennial problem of knowledge management / information integration in large scale, complex and knowledge intensive organisations such as automotive industries. Automotive industry is under increased pressure to produce low cost customised products using innovative agile manufacturing techniques. Presently this in-novation has focused on the improved process development between different stages of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). However in terms of implementation the application data management techniques have lagged behind leaving these processes disjointed and lacking in automation. Assembly line design and configuration consist of highly creative and complex tasks that involve extensive communication and information exchange among distributed teams. At Ford the assembly line design or reconfiguration process rely on PLM system to provide necessary information. This paper proposes an improved model based on innovation in the PLM to quickly adapt to the n...
Ontologies are vital for the achievement of the Semantic Web. Given their central role it is high... more Ontologies are vital for the achievement of the Semantic Web. Given their central role it is highly desirable that ontologies be evaluated and made consistent. Several evaluation approaches investi-gate whether an ontology is "fit for purpose". Further approaches focus on the consistency of the axioms populating the ontology. More specifi-cally, the OntoClean methodology determines the adequacy of taxonomic relationships based on the philosophical interpretation of concepts. By contrast, we propose a new evaluation approach, CleOn, which evaluates the adequacy of taxonomic relationships between sub-concept concept pairs. This method effectively processes the linguistic information inher-ent in class names, and defines a lexical path for each concept in the taxonomy in terms of its immediate parent, and recursively for all terms back to the thesaurus's root node. The lexical adequacy of a link between a parent and a child concept is then defined in terms of their lexica...
There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing serv... more There is a trend in some manufacturing industries to move from selling products to providing services. As a result, designers must consider the life-cycle costs. In the aero industry, for example, this must be considered as well as weight, performance and manufacturing cost. The IPAS (Integrated Products and Services) project is intended to utilise Semantic Web technologies in order to provide feedback of information/knowledge acquired during operation of a product to the product's designers, and also to reuse knowledge from previous product designs. As part of IPAS, ontologies describing the products and processes have been created in order to allow service knowledge to be represented and shared. The design and implementation of these ontologies, and their planned future evolution, is described here. We also try to draw some lessons from our experiences.
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Ontology matching has been recognised as a means to achieve semantic interoperability on the Web by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. Existing ontology matching approaches have two major limitations. The first limitation relates to similarity metrics, which provide a pessimistic value when considering complex objects such as strings and conceptual entities. The second limitation relates to the role of description logic reasoning. In particular, most approaches disregard implicit information about entities as a source of background knowledge. In this thesis, we first present a new similarity function, called the degree of commonality coefficient, to compute the overlap between two sets based on the similarity between their elements. The results of our evaluations show that the degree of commonality performs better than traditional set similarity...
Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information system... more Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Such interoperability can be achieved by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. In this paper, we describe the knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from existing ontology mapping approaches by using description logic reasoning (i) to extract implicit information as background knowledge for every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate mappings from an alignment. The results of our evaluation show that the use of Description Logic in the ontology matching task increases coverage.
Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Seman-tic Web. We describe and appraise the... more Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Seman-tic Web. We describe and appraise the OntoClean method-ology and the different implementations available to eval-uate taxonomic relationships in ontologies. We propose a new system, CleanONTO, which uses definitions to describe each concept, where definitions are paths from the concept to the root node of the ontology. In the current study, these definitions (paths) have been extracted from WordNet.
Uploads
Papers by Quentin Reul